不同激发剂对钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学性能影响的研究

通过往钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料中掺加不同掺量的减水剂、硫酸钠和水泥,研究不同激发剂不同掺量对其力学性能的影响及影响机理,并确定各激发剂的不同掺量,以达到提高力学性能的目的。分析研究表明,当减水剂掺量为0.8%时钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学强度最大,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为1.48MPa和5.75MPa;当硫酸钠掺量为0.8%时钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学强度最大,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为2.54MPa和9.61MPa;当水泥掺量为10%时力学性能较好,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为,6.31MPa和18.75MPa。     

超高性能混凝土的制备

采用超低水胶比和高强度水泥常温养护制备超高性能混凝土,以水胶比、钢纤维的体积掺量为变化参数分析了其对超高性能混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度及拉伸性能的影响.研究结果表明:在最大密实度的情况下,混凝土的抗压强度随水胶比的增大而降低.本文钢纤维体积掺量2％,水胶比在0.12～0.22范围内,28d抗压强度随水胶比的增大先升高后降低,水胶比为0.18时,UHPC的抗压强度最大,达152.8 MPa;钢纤维体积掺量在1.7％ ～2.9％时,随掺量的增加,抗压强度、抗折强度均呈增大的趋势,在2.9％ ～3.5％时,抗压强度和抗折强度有下降的趋势,体积掺量为2.9％时,28 d抗压强度和抗折强度达到最大值,分别为153.5 MPa和37.1 MPa.综合经济性、施工性能、力学性能来看,2％为钢纤维最佳体积掺量.在最佳掺量下,拉伸应力达到峰值8.94 MPa时,拉伸应变达0.012％.     

助磨剂在钢渣复合水泥中的应用

研究通过掺加助磨剂粉磨钢渣的方法,提高钢渣微粉的细度和活性,达到高效利用钢渣目的.结果表明,随着钢渣掺量的增加,钢渣复合水泥的抗折强度呈先上升后下降趋势,掺量为30％时抗折强度最高.钢渣复合水泥的28 d抗压强度直线下降,3 d抗压强度先增加后再下降,30％掺量时强度最高,达4.75 MPa.结合实际经济效益,最终确定钢渣复合水泥的配比为熟料-65％、钢渣-30％、石膏-5％,助磨剂A掺量为0.1％时效果最好,相比无助磨剂的钢渣复合水泥,细度降低了49.0％,且28 d抗压强度提高了6 MPa.     

氧化钙对磷建筑石膏砂浆的改性研究

以磷建筑石膏粉为原料,复配CaO,开展了磷建筑石膏砂浆改性实验研究。结果表明:CaO掺量为2.0%时,聚羧酸G-50具有明显的减水效果,其最佳掺量为0.5%,水膏比为0.65;自制晶种可以明显提高砂浆制品的抗折强度和抗压强度,其最佳掺量为9%,得到的砂浆制品抗折强度为8.9 MPa,抗压强度为17.8 MPa,均高于国家标准。     

脱硫石膏-矿渣微粉复合胶凝材料的研究

研究矿渣微粉掺量和碱性激发剂用量对脱硫石膏-矿渣微粉复合体系性能的影响.结果表明:矿渣微粉掺量为20％时脱硫石膏-矿渣微粉复合体系物理力学性能较好,抗压强度、抗折强度和软化系数分别为11.2 MPa、4.6MPa和0.42.采用硅酸钠作为复合材料的激发剂,当碱性激发剂用量为1％时,能够有效激发矿渣微粉潜在活性,提高复合体系性能,7d抗压强度达12.3 MPa,软化系数为0.56;28 d抗压强度达12.6 MPa,软化系数为0.59.     

鞍钢钢渣矿渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土复合胶凝材料

以81.5％的矿渣、5％的钢渣、12.5％的脱硫石膏以及1％的水泥熟料,制备出了28 d抗压强度为56.75 MPa的低碱度胶凝材料,该胶凝材料可用于制备低碱度人工鱼礁混凝土.通过改变钢渣和脱硫石膏的掺量,研究了其掺量变化与试件强度的影响关系.实验结果表明:在该体系中,当钢渣掺量小于5％时,胶砂试块的强度随着钢渣的增加而提高;当钢渣掺量大于5％时,胶砂试块的强度随着钢渣掺量的增加而降低,并在钢渣掺基大于20％时快速下降.脱硫石膏的掺量对胶砂试块的强度影响更为显著;当脱硫石膏掺量达到12.5％时,与不含脱硫石膏的试样相比,抗压强度和抗折强度分别提高了168％和176％.利用XRD和SEM分析净浆的水化过程,结果表明,体系在早期水化主要生成AFt相和C-S-H凝胶,并对强度的增长起了主要作用.     

缓凝剂对α半水磷石膏性能的影响

主要研究了在α半水磷石膏中分别掺人柠檬酸、酒石酸和白砂糖三种缓凝剂对其标准稠需水量、初终凝时间、力学性能以及晶体形貌的影响.试验结果表明,就上述三种缓凝剂的效果而言,其中以柠檬酸的效果最好,当掺量为2.O％时,α半水磷石膏的标稠需水量降至39.5％,初终凝时间分别达到131.0 min和426.0 min;当掺量为1.0％时,抗折强度和抗压强度分别达到7.37 MPa和24.10 MPa.本实验还初步探讨了其作用机理,为α半水磷石膏在今后的应用提供一定的指导意义.     

硅灰对嵌缝胶泥的性能影响

为了提高嵌缝胶泥的力学性能,采用硅灰对嵌缝胶泥进行改性,分析了硅灰在不同掺量和不同龄期抗折、抗压强度.选取硅灰掺量为5％的试样作为研究对象,使用SEM、压汞仪分析其微观结构,进行微观机理研究.试验结果表明:掺加硅灰对嵌缝胶泥的抗折、抗压强度有一定的提高作用.硅灰掺量为5％时嵌缝胶泥的总孔隙率有大幅度下降,最可几孔径大幅度减小,水化产物更致密.其60d的抗折强度为13.07 MPa,抗压强度为92.0 MPa.     

基于外加剂对石膏砌块后期强度的正交试验研究

以脱硫建筑石膏、水泥、矿渣、中和渣及硫酸钙晶须为原料制备石膏实心砌块,为优化工艺条件并提高砌块后期强度,研究采用正交实验方法进行试验,结果表明,影响石膏砌块28 d抗压强度的显著因素为晶须掺量、缓凝剂掺量和中和渣掺量,而水泥与矿渣配比和减水剂掺量为不显著影响因素.优化后的条件为:中和渣掺量为5.00％,硫酸钙晶须掺量为7.00％,水泥与矿渣配比为5:15,减水剂掺量为0.80％,缓凝剂掺量为0.06％,在此条件下可获得28 d抗折强度为7.74 MPa、抗压强度为31.10 MPa、软化系数为0.60的石膏实心砌块,且该砌块力学性能明显强于纯脱硫石膏砌块.研究对实现固废资源的综合利用及制备高质量的石膏砌块具有重要参考价值.     

碳酸锂与纳米碳酸钙对UHPC早期力学性能的影响

研究了在常温养护条件下,无机早强剂碳酸锂(Li2 CO3)、纳米材料纳米碳酸钙(NC)对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)流动性能和早期力学性能的影响,并采用SEM、XRD对其早期水化产物形貌及水泥水化反应程度进行探讨.结果表明:单掺时,Li2CO3最佳掺量为0.100％(质量分数),与未掺试件相比,1 d抗压强度提升44％,1 d抗折强度提高28％;NC最佳掺量为3％(质量分数),1 d抗压强度提高45％,1 d抗折强度提高24％.0.100％(质量分数)的Li2 CO3与3％(质量分数)的NC复掺时,1 d抗压和抗折强度分别为72.1 MPa和13.9 MPa,与对照组相比分别增加了68％和38％,28 d的抗压和抗折强度分别为132.2 MPa、24.5 MPa,且强度无损失.在常温条件下可制备出高早强UHPC.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.