Effect of Ce content on mechanical properties of U75V steel

U75V steel with different Ce content was smelted by vacuum induction furnace and hot rolled. The mechanical properties and microstructures of the steel were analyzed by Gleeble 1500 hot compression testing machine, JB 300B impact testing machine, HVS 1000 hardness tester and STEMI 508 microscope. The results show that at the same compression temperature, the peak stress increases with the increase of compression rate because the work hardening effect is greater than the recrystallization softening effect. For the same compression rate, the peak stress decreases with the increase of compression temperature. Higher deformation temperature is beneficial to dynamic recrystallization and the rheological softening is more significant. The peak stress of the experimental steel decreased by 5% from 10954MPa to 10405MPa after the addition of trace rare earth. With the increase of compression temperature, the peak stress of the steel is not changed obviously. Without adding rare earth, the peak strain decreases with the increase of deformation temperature under the condition of constant strain rate. However, when adding rare earth, the peak strain is delayed at 1050℃. Ce changes the driving conditions for dynamic recrystallization of U75V steel. Adding rare earth will reduce the impact performance of U75V steel at room temperature. A small amount of rare earth can improve the low temperature (-20℃) impact performance of U75V steel. The hardness of the original U75V steel is 9488N/mm2, which is far beyond the hardness range specified by the national standard. The hardness of steel is reduced to 368N/mm2 by the addition of 13×10-6 rare earth Ce. The hardness is further reduced to 327N/mm2 by adding 440×10-6 rare earth Ce. After the addition of rare earth Ce, the pearlite grain size decreases, the number of granular pearlite decreases, the number of flake pearlite increases, and the mechanical properties are improved.     

Ce含量对U75V钢力学性能的影响

摘要：利用真空感应炉冶炼了含有不同Ce含量的U75V钢,并对其进行热轧。借助Gleeble 1500型热压缩试验机、JB-300B型冲击试验机、HVS-1000硬度测试仪以及Stemi-508显微镜对实验钢的力学性能及显微组织进行了分析。结果表明,相同的压缩温度,由于加工硬化作用大于再结晶的软化作用,峰值应力随着压缩速率的增加而提升;相同的压缩速率,峰值应力随着压缩温度升高而降低。较高的变形温度有利于动态再结晶的发生,流变软化作用更加显著。添加微量稀土后实验钢峰值应力略微降低,由109.54MPa降至104.05MPa,降低了5%,说明添加微量稀土Ce后实验钢的塑性略微提升。随着压缩温度的提升添加多量稀土与微量稀土实验钢的峰值应力没有发生明显变化,即实验钢的塑性没有明显变化。未添加稀土时,当应变速率不变时,峰值应变随变形温度的升高而呈降低趋势。而添加稀土后,压缩温度为1050℃时峰值应变均延迟发生,说明添加稀土Ce改变了U75V钢动态再结晶的驱动力条件。添加稀土会使U75V钢的常温冲击性能降低,微量稀土可以一定程度地提升其低温（-20℃）冲击性能,但是添加过量稀土后实验钢的常温和低温冲击性能均会降低。原始U75V钢的硬度为948.8N/mm2,大大超出国标规定的硬度范围。添加质量分数为13×10-6的稀土Ce后硬度降低为368N/mm2,添加440×10-6稀土Ce后硬度进一步减小至327N/mm2。加入微量稀土元素后有助于U75V钢硬度降低至国标范围的中值。实验钢加入稀土元素,珠光体晶粒尺寸减小,粒状珠光体的数量减少,片状珠光体的数量增加,有利于提高实验钢的力学性能。     

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The effect of deformation parameters on hot deformation of superalloy 800H was studied by means of single-pass compression test. It was found that smaller initial grain size, higher deformation temperature and lower strain rate are more easily to cause dynamic recrystallization. And when dynamic recrystallization can take place during deformation, the fraction of dynamic recrystallization increases with increasing of strain. The models of dynamic recrystallization activation energy, critical strain, dynamic recrystallization kinetics, dynamic recrystallization kinematics and grain size of dynamic recrystallization for 800H were obtained through the analysis of data obtained by single-pass compression. The variation tendency for grain size simulated by Deform-2D is consistent with metallographic statistics, and the average error is 4. 5??m. Very small average error shows that the model is consistent with practical situation and can be used to predict recrystallized grain size for 800H during thermal deformation.     

低碳钢中铌含量对奥氏体再结晶的影响

为了弄清铌含量对奥氏体再结晶的影响，以低碳钢为研究对象，借助热模拟试验机与金相等分析手段对其进行试验研究与讨论。结果表明，在铌含量一定的条件下，发生动态再结晶的临界应变随着应变速率的增加而提高，随着变形温度的升高而降低；当铌质量分数增至0.05%时，其阻碍动态再结晶的作用更为明显；此外，降低变形量，减少道次间隔时间，提高铌含量，均会使静态再结晶体积分数下降，阻碍静态再结晶的发生。     

稀土对T91耐热钢动态再结晶行为影响

采用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟试验机进行压缩试验,研究了不同变形条件下微量稀土对T91耐热钢动态再结晶行为的影响.分析绘制了稀土加入前后实验钢的真应力-真应变曲线、再结晶-温度-时间图、再结晶图及功率耗散图,并计算了高温下实验钢的再结晶激活能.在变形温度为850~1100℃,变形速率为0.004~10 s-1变形条件下,变形温度越高和变形速率越低,动态再结晶越容易发生.稀土加入会产生固溶强化,稀土元素与碳原子发生交互作用,且在晶界处或晶界附近偏聚,使变形抗力与峰值应变均增大,再结晶激活能由354.6 kJ·mol-1提高到397.2 kJ·mol-1.另外,稀土会显著推迟再结晶发生时间,扩大再结晶的时间间隔,推迟再结晶动力学过程.      

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To explore the hot compression recrystallization behaviours of low carbon CrNiMo carburized bearing steel, isothermal compression simulation experiment was carried out by the Gleeble 1500D thermal-mechanical simulator at temperatures between 900 and 1050??, strain rates between 0??1, 1 and 10s-1 and deformations among 10%, 30%, 50%. Thermal deformation dynamic recrystallization process was analyzed by grain sizes and true strain-true stress curves in different conditions. Material??s deformation activation energy and hot deformation equation was regressed, the hot working map of material was calculated, and the critical time of static recrystallization was experimented. The results show that, high deformation temperature, low strain rate and large deformation are conducive to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization. The fine recrystallized grains were abtained at 1050??, 50% deformation and strain rate 1s-1 in this experiment, and the average grain size is 14??97??m; The activation energy of low carbon CrNiMo carburized bearing steel decreases slowly when deformation larger than 30%. It is deduced to 436??016kJ/mol in 50% deformation, and the experimental results are also matched to the hot working map. The material has reached to the dynamic recrystallization thermodynamic condition in 900??, 1s-1, 50% deformation ,and the critical static recrystallization time is 5min after continue heated.     

一种含铁Ni_3Al基合金的热变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对一种含铁Ni3Al基合金进行了高温压缩试验,试验温度为1 050~1 150℃,应变速率为0.1~1.0s-1,工程应变量为50%。获得了不同变形条件下的真应力-真应变曲线,并分析了合金微观组织的变化。结果表明:合金的流变应力随着变形程度的增加先达到峰值应力,之后逐渐降低,趋于稳态流变。提高变形温度及减小应变速率能有效促进动态再结晶过程。在变形温度1 100℃以上,工程应变为50%时,能够获得完全再结晶的锻态组织。基体中的γ′相粒子对合金动态再结晶有抑制作用,β相的存在促进了相界处动态再结晶形核但抑制了完全动态再结晶晶粒的长大。高温下β相的软化效应和γ′相的回溶转变都有效提高了Ni3Al基合金热加工性能。     

2.25Cr1Mo钢动态再结晶物理冶金模型的研究

??The hot compression tests of 2. 25Cr1Mo steel at 950-1200??, 0. 01-10s-1, and deformation of 60% were carried out on a Gleeble- 1500D simulator. The effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on the dynamic recrystallization of 2. 25Cr1Mo steel were investigated. The models for dynamic recrystallization critical strains and dynamic recrystallization fraction were established. The results show that 2. 25Cr1Mo steel is more likely to undergo dynamic recrystallization at high temperature and high strain rate. The deformation activation energy and critical strains in dynamic recrystallization as well as dynamic recrystallization fraction model of 2. 25Cr1Mo steel were obtained. The constitutive equation of 2. 25Cr1Mo steel was constructed and the dynamic recrystallization physical metallurgical model of finite element software data interface was established. The model provides the basic conditions for the forging microscopic simulation of large forgings.     

2Cr11Mo1VNbN钢再结晶动力学方程及本构方程的建立

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机,在温度为1 000~1 200℃、应变速率为0.01~1 s-1和变形量为70%的条件下研究了2Cr11Mo1VNbN钢的热变形行为,建立了动态再结晶型本构模型以及动态再结晶体积分数模型。结果表明:2Cr11Mo1VNbN钢在高温小应变速率的变形条件下易发生动态再结晶,计算得出2Cr11Mo1VNbN钢发生动态再结晶时的临界应变以及变形激活能并得到了动态再结晶体积分数模型,最终构建出的动态再结晶型本构方程能良好地描述2Cr11Mo1VNbN钢的高温流变行为。     

Custom 450高强度不锈钢的动态再结晶行为

摘要：为了探究Custom 450钢的动态再结晶行为,采用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机,在变形温度为1050~1200℃和应变速率为0.01~10s-1的变形条件下开展了单道次等温压缩试验。研究结果显示,在变形温度为1050~1200℃和应变速率为1.0~10s-1的变形范围内,钢虽发生了完全的动态再结晶,但应力应变曲线未表现出明显的应力峰值;钢的动态再结晶的晶粒尺寸随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低逐渐增大,当应变速率为001s-1时,动态再结晶晶粒发生长大。采用双曲正弦函数构建了Cutom 450钢的热变形方程,并建立了钢的动态再结晶动力学、临界应变、峰值应变及动态再结晶晶粒尺寸与Zener Holloman参数的定量关系。