超分子化合物及其在色谱分离中的应用

介绍了超分子化学的基本概念;总结了冠醚、环糊精和杯芳烃三代超分子化合物的结构特征及其结构差别;并简述了三代超分子化合物在色谱分离中应用的原理、研究现状和应用前景。     

冠醚化学交换分离锂同位素的影响因素分析及进展

锂同位素6 Li和7 Li是核聚变所需的重要原料,故锂同位素分离是核能开发必须解决的关键技术。本文系统综述了以冠醚类化合物为化学交换体系分离锂同位素的研究进展,详细讨论了冠醚分子的结构如冠醚环大小、给体原子种类、侧链种类,以及锂盐配位阴离子种类,溶剂种类,化学交换温度等因素对冠醚锂同位素分离效应的影响规律。结果表明,冠醚类化合物具有高的锂同位素分离因子,是非常有前途的锂同位素分离方法,但是以小分子冠醚为萃取剂的液-液萃取体系冠醚易于流失,无法重复利用,因此其未来发展方向是制备冠醚固载聚合物,采用固载冠醚的液-固体系分离锂同位素,提高分离效率,以实现其工业化应用。     

葫芦[n]脲的合成及其在分离分析中的应用

葫芦[n]脲作为继冠醚、环糊精及杯芳烃之后的第四代超分子材料,具有完全对称的外部亲水与内部疏水的刚性空腔结构,两端开口由羰基环绕而成,具有极强的主客体结合能力,能够根据空腔的大小选择性地包合无机或有机分子,在分离分析领域中拥有良好的应用前景,得到研究者的广泛关注。本文简要总结了葫芦[n]脲的发展进程、性质、合成与分离方法及其在分离分析中的应用。     

杯芳烃及其衍生物的应用研究进展

杯芳烃作为继冠醚和环糊精之后的第三代超分子主体化合物,其应用领域日益广泛。本文综述了杯芳烃及其衍生物在医药、分子离子识别、模拟酶、相转移催化剂等方面的研究进展。     

杯芳烃衍生物对Ca2+识别研究进展

杯芳烃是由多个苯酚在2,6位与亚甲基相连形成的大环化合物,具有分子识别功能,是继环糊精和冠醚之后第三代主体分子.本文综述了近年来杯芳烃衍生物对钙离子高度识别性的研究进展.     

基于超分子识别的电化学传感器研究进展

简要介绍了基于超分子识别构建的电化学传感器的原理、特点及应用。详细综述了基于冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃、葫芦脲和柱芳烃等大环主体的超分子识别,构建电化学传感器的最新研究进展。对这几类电化学传感器的研究应用前景进行了展望。     

冠醚在色谱中的应用

冠醚在色谱中的应用引人注目。低分子冠醚可用作液相色谱流动相和固定相中的一个组分。不溶的冠醚树脂可用作液相色谱固定相。一些冠醚也可用作气相色谱固定液。冠醚可用来分离阳、阴离子和有机物。液相色谱中冠醚键合阳离子的性质很大程度上反映在色谱行为上。     

超分子纳米材料吸附剂在环境污染治理中的应用

正一、项目简介超分子作用是一种具有分子识别能力的分子间相互作用,以分子识别为基础,设计、合成、组装具有新颖性能的超分子功能材料,将为分析科学提供理论指导和新的应用体系,为生命科学、材料科学、环境科学等共同发展做出巨大贡献。将超分子化学与纳米化学进行有机地结合,采用冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃等超分子主体化合物与与多种纳米材料相结合,     

杯芳烃及其衍生物的合成与工业应用

杯芳烃是继环糊精，冠醚之后又一类新兴的大环化合物，以其出色的超分子化学性能日益引起化学，化工界的关注。本文综合近年来的文献报道，介绍了杯芳烃及其衍生物的合成以及目前杯芳烃在诸多工业领域中的应用与发展前景。     

官能团化杯芳烃的超分子化学

杯芳烃被认为是继冠醚和环糊精之后的第三代超分子主体化合物。近年来有关杯芳烃的研究论文快速增多,本文从不同的方面回顾了杯芳烃的研究进展,包括杯芳烃的结构修饰,杯芳烃对分子和离子的识别和杯芳烃的生物学活性。     

Chemical Modifications of Chitosan and Its Applications

Chitosan is considered as a promising material in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields based on its unique biological properties. This review presents chemical modifications of chitosan via using photosensitizers, dendrimers, sugars, cyclodextrins and crown ethers as modifiers and places an emphasis on the applications of chitosan derivatives as carriers in drug delivery systems, as supporting materials for tissue engineering, as dye removing agents and as metal ion adsorbents. Recently, the progress on chemical modifications of chitosan is quite rapid and we are confident that a more extensive range of applications of chitosan derivatives could be expected in the near future.     

RING-SIZE AND SUBSTTTUENT EFFECTS IN THE SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF ALKALI METAL NITRATES BY CROWN ETHERS IN 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE AND 1 -OCTANOL

ABSTRACT

The extraction of alkali metal nitrate salts by solutions of crown ethers in each of the two diluents 1,2-dichlorethane and 1-octanol has been surveyed. The crown ethers include 18-crown-6, 21-crown-7, and 24-crown-8 ethers bearing cyclohexano, benzo, t-alkylbenzo, and/or furano substitutents. The extraction efficiencies of the different crown ethers are examined in terms of ring-size, substituent, and solvent effects. Partition ratios for the crown ethers between water and either 1,2-dichloroethane or 1-octanol are discussed. The extraction selectivities, expressed as the separation factor for cesium over sodium, are examined in relation to crown ether structure.     

Silver complexes with large crown ethers in propylene carbonate

The complex formation between large crown ethers – e.g. dibenzo-30-crown-10 – and Ag⁺ in propylene carbonate has been studied using potentiometric and calorimetric titrations. The values of the reaction enthalpies with larger crown ethers than 18-crown-6 especially with dibenzo-30-crown-10 indicate that more than six donor atoms are taking part in the interaction with the complexed cation. The values of the reaction entropies of the largest crown ethers examined indicate the high sterical requirements of the complex formation. Obviously large crown ethers are able to encapsulate the complexed cation. The effectiveness of the encapsulation however depends upon the ring size and flexibility of the crown ethers.     

新型冠醚及其超分子配合物研究的新进展

介绍了冠醚化学的产生、发展及应用,详细介绍了：几种新型臂式冠醚及其超分子金属配合物的合成;取代冠醚及其金属配合物的合成及应用;新型氮杂冠醚及其金属配合物的合成及应用。并对冠醚化学的发展进行了展望。     

Synthesis and fluorescence of crown ethers containing coumarin

The syntheses and fluorescence properties of a series of novel crown ethers containing coumarin group are presented. 2-(Benzocourmarin-3-acyloxymethyl) crown ethers were synthesized by reacting the acyl chloride of benzocourmarin-3-carboxylic acid with 2-hydroxymethyl crown ethers, while 4′-(benzocourmarin-3-carboxamido) benzo crown ethers were secured by reacting the acyl chloride of benzocourmarin-3-carboxylic acid with 4′-aminobenzo crown ethers. Only the ester-type crown ethers were fluorescent. As the polarity of the solvent increased, the emission maximum λ_em showed a slight red shift. DMSO was used as the fluorescence quenching solvent. Increased fluorescence was observed upon the addition of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions.     

Effect of some potassium selective crown ethers on the permeability and structure of a phospholipid membrane

The effect of some new crown ethers on the cation efflux and phase transition parameters of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes was studied. The effects were correlated with the lipophilicity of the crown ethers. The results indicate that the presence of two crown ring structures in one crown ether molecule is a prerequisite for the increase of ion permeability of liposomes. The effective crown ethers decrease the temperature, enthalpy and cooperativity of the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition. The crown ethers increase membrane permeability for potassium and, to a lesser extent, for rubidium and sodium. The ratio of permeability increase for potassium/rubidium significantly correlates with the lipophilicity of the crown ethers.     

Chemical modification of chitosan: Synthesis and characterization of chitosan‐crown ethers

Four novel Schiff‐type chitosan (CTS)‐crown ethers were synthesized through a reaction between ? NH₂ in CTS or crosslinked chitosan (CCTS) and ? CHO in 4′‐formylbenzo‐crown ethers, and four secondary‐amino‐type CTS‐crown ethers were prepared through the reduced reaction of NaBH₄, respectively. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis, solid‐state ¹³C‐NMR analysis, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The elemental analysis results showed that the percentage of nitrogen in all CTS‐crown ethers were lower than that of CTS or CCTS. From the FTIR data of CTS, CCTS, and CTS‐crown ethers I–VIII, we saw that the characteristic peaks of C?N, N? H, and Ar appeared and that the characteristic peaks of pyranoside in the chain of CTS or CCTS were not destroyed. The XRD spectra demonstrated that CTS‐crown ethers I–VIII gave lower crystallinities than CTS or CCTS, which indicated that these compounds were considerably more amorphous than CTS or CCTS. In the solid‐state ¹³C‐NMR spectra, all of these CTS‐crown ethers had a particular peak of aromatic at 128 or 129 ppm, and the greatest difference between Schiff‐type CTS‐crown ethers and secondary‐amino‐type CTS‐crown ethers was that the Schiff‐type CTS‐crown ethers had the particular peak of C?N, which disappeared in secondary‐type CTS‐crown ethers. All these facts confirmed that the structures of CTS‐crown ethers I–VIII were as expected. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 2221–2225, 2003     

新型冠醚化合物的合成性能及应用研究的新进展

介绍了冠醚化学的产生发展及应用,详细综述了:①新型冠醚的合成及其对阳离子的选择性识别作用;②新型双冠醚配体及其稀土过渡金属配合物的合成;③新型氮杂冠醚的合成及应用。并对冠醚化学的发展进行了展望。