难浮粗颗粒煤泥在浮选柱柱体轴向的脱附规律

粗颗粒煤泥易于脱附是限制粗颗粒煤泥浮选的主要因素,为了探究粗颗粒煤泥在柱体内轴向的脱附规律,运用一种可在浮选柱给料口上方不同轴向位置添加上升水流的自制流化床浮选柱使浮选柱给料口以上的上升水流表观流速大于粗颗粒粒群的最大沉降末速,从而将经气泡携带至给料口以上的粗颗粒带入泡沫产品,减少在给料口以上因粗颗粒脱附而引起的精煤损失。研究结果表明,难浮粗煤粒在柱体轴向的脱附率和柱体轴向高度之间成线性关系,且界面脱附约占总脱附率的40%,从而证明难浮粗颗粒的主要浮选缺陷是脱附概率大,通过在给料口以上添加上升水流或者降低给料口以上柱体高度可有效实现难浮粗颗粒的浮选。     

煤泥自载体浮选

粒度组成细、高灰细泥含量大的煤泥浮选时,浮选精煤易于超灰且精煤产率低、生产操作困难。针对这些问题,在总结载体浮选理论的基础上,研究了以浮选精煤作为自载体改善煤泥浮选效果的作用和机理。结果表明:用浮选出的精煤作自载体可显著改善煤泥的浮选效果。随自载体量的增加,精煤产率、浮选完善指标、尾煤灰分均提高,浮选精煤灰分降低。乌海煤泥采用该工艺浮选时,确定出最佳自载体用量为入浮煤泥的10%,加入自载体经4次循环后即可达到稳定的浮选效果,浮选精煤产率提高7.11%、灰分降低1.14%,浮选完善指标提高7.25%。EDLVO理论的计算研究表明,精煤本身的疏水性和捕收剂在煤粒表面吸附产生的疏水力,促使细煤粒黏附于粗颗粒载体,细颗粒间也会发生疏水絮凝,改善了浮选环境和浮选效果。     

Influence of coal particles on froth stability and flotation performance

Solid particles have significant effect on flotation froth. In this research, the effects of coal particles of different size and hydrophobicity on froth stability and flotation performance were studied. The froth stability was measured in both the froth formation and froth decay processes by maximum froth height, froth half-life time and water recovery. The results show that fine particles of moderate hydrophobicity contributed most to maximum froth height in the froth formation process and were most favorable for flotation. Fine hydrophilic particles stabilized the froth in the froth formation process but the froth half-life time was very short due to the high water solid ratio. High hydrophobic particles of both fine and coarse size fractions greatly increased the froth half-life time in the froth decay process. But the froths were very rigid and the maximum froth heights were very low. The presence of fine hydrophobic particles was very unfavorable for the recovery of coarse particles.     

难选煤泥可浮性分析及解离浮选工艺研究

以选煤厂细粒煤泥为研究对象,分析了该煤泥的煤质特征。探索了改变充气量对浮选结果的影响,结果表明该煤泥为难选煤泥,常规浮选很难得到低灰分的精煤产品。对浮选精煤产品进行粒度与密度组成分析,表明解离不充分与细泥夹带是造成精煤灰分偏高的主要原因。采用原煤分级 粗粒级磨矿浮选工艺,可有效降低精煤产品的灰分。     

煤泥浮选过程中六偏磷酸钠对蒙脱石分散行为影响

通过测定润湿接触角和Zeta电位分析了蒙脱石颗粒对煤泥浮选的作用,考察了六偏磷酸钠对煤和蒙脱石浮选行为的影响。依据扩展DLVO理论的计算,分析了分散剂影响煤和蒙脱石浮选行为的作用机理。结果表明：蒙脱石颗粒严重抑制了煤泥浮选,使精煤可燃体回收率从44.11%降至11.68%;六偏磷酸钠可改善浮选效果,使精煤可燃体回收率提高2个百分点;六偏磷酸钠增大煤和蒙脱石颗粒表面电位绝对值,从而提高颗粒间静电斥能,同时六偏磷酸钠附着在煤颗粒和蒙脱石颗粒表面,增强颗粒间的亲水作用能,并且六偏磷酸钠水解形成的长链分子吸附于颗粒表面后,使颗粒相互靠近时产生较强的空间稳定化作用,增大颗粒之间的空间斥力。     

高气泡表面积通量浮选柱选煤参数的研究

采用高气泡表面积通量浮选柱浮选肥煤和气煤,检验浮选柱的性能, 探讨浮选规律,并根据试验结果对浮选柱的结构和操作参数进行调整。试验表明,多段发泡器的采用和布置显著增大浮选柱的气泡表面积通量, 还可以使气泡输送某些疏水颗粒的路程得到缩短, 有效地防止气泡的兼并以及疏水大颗粒因输送路程长而脱落的现象, 增加了对物料粒级的适应性, 提高了煤浮选效率。     

自重介旋流器在选煤中应用途径分析

根据生产技术检查数据，确认常规分级旋流器存在的分选作用是导致分级旋流器回收粗煤泥灰分偏高的主要原因，对粗煤泥筛上物，浮选尾煤，－3mm矸石等进行了自重介旋流器分选试验，证明自重介旋流器分选细泥含量较少的粗煤泥能直接得到合格的精煤产品，能从矸石中回收中煤，分选细泥含量较多的浮选尾煤也取得了较好的分选效果，显示出自重介旋流器作为与浮选配套粗选或扫选作业的可能性。     

粗细粒级差异化给矿对浮选柱选别性能的影响

粗细粒级矿物具有不同的浮选特性,浮选柱主要应用于精选作业的细粒级矿物分选,对粗颗粒矿物回收率较低,限制了浮选柱的应用。在泡沫层分选理论的基础上,以纯石英矿物(纯度大于99%)为代表矿样,将其分成150~280μm和-15μm粗细粒级两个组分,采用Ф100 mm×2 000 mm浮选柱开展试验考察粗细粒级差异化给矿对选别性能的影响。在一个试验中将粗细粒级矿物混合给入浮选柱泡沫层之下进行常规浮选,在另一个试验中将粗细粒级矿物差异化给入浮选柱泡沫层之上和泡沫层以下分别进行泡沫层分选和常规浮选。试验对比结果表明,粗细粒级差异化给矿提高了浮选柱精矿回收率,对粗颗粒矿物回收效果提升更为显著。     

鹤壁六矿选煤厂浮选工艺方案的探讨

分析了鹤壁六矿选煤厂煤泥水系统存在的问题,针对煤泥特点,提出增建煤泥浮选系统的改造方案,采用粗煤泥重力分选,细煤泥浮选的工艺流程,完善选煤工艺,实现洗水闭路循环。     

粗煤泥分选新工艺的试验研究

提出了一种新的粗煤泥的分选方法,即首先把粗煤泥粉碎到普通的泡沫浮选能够获得精度分选的粒级,然后采用泡沫浮选进行分选。磨煤试验和显微镜分析表明:粗煤泥经过粉碎后,其中的无机矿物得到了一定程度的解离,有利于提高精煤的产率。粗煤泥经磨碎至d50为82.57μm后,采用普通的泡沫浮选,可使浮选精煤产率达到70.00%以上,而精煤灰分低于11.00%。与目前采用的重选方法处理粗煤泥的工艺相比,该工艺分选效果有了显著的提高。     

不同密度细粒煤泥对粗粒煤泥浮选的影响机理

分别将0.074 mm粒度以下的低密度(-1.4 g/cm3)、中间密度(1.4~1.8 g/cm3)和高密度(+1.8 g/cm3)细粒煤泥掺入到粗粒煤泥中进行浮选试验,研究不同密度细粒煤泥对粗粒煤泥浮选产率的影响,通过AFM测定低密度、高密度细粒煤泥颗粒与低灰粗颗粒煤之间的作用力,采用SEM观察浮选精煤、尾煤中粗颗粒煤的表面形貌,结合EDLVO理论对其影响机理进行了探讨。结果表明:中间密度细粒煤泥对粗粒煤泥浮选的抑制作用最大,低密度细粒煤泥次之,高密度细粒煤泥最小;粗粒煤泥的粒度越大,其浮选产率受中间密度细粒煤泥的影响越严重;AFM测定的作用力-距离曲线证实了疏水作用力的存在,颗粒疏水性越强,颗粒间的疏水力越大;通过SEM观察发现中间密度细粒煤泥在粗粒煤泥表面的罩盖现象显著。     

An evaluation of the role of particle size in the flotation of coal using different cell technologies

A large variety of new flotation cells has been introduced in the last few years, probably as a result of the successful introduction of column flotation in the minerals processing industry. In common with the column cell, a number of these new cells employ an essentially quiescent separation zone. However, a number of novel cell designs have been introduced that use agitation mechanisms similar to those employed on conventional flotation cells. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate flotation behaviour in both an agitated and non-agitated environment, particularly with respect to particle size. A hybrid ‘agitated’ column cell was designed for the investigation, and the operation of this unit was compared to that of a column cell, and to a batch flotation cell, on a laboratory scale. The testwork was conducted on coal fines, as problems with the flotation of coarse coal particles in a column cell had previously been identified. It was demonstrated that the addition of an agitated stage to a column cell can significantly improve the coarse particle recovery in comparison to the conventional column cell, while maintaining good selectivity in the fine sizes.     

Pentlandite oxidation in the flotation of a complex nickel ore in saline water

Flotation of a low grade pentlandite ore containing large amounts of serpentine minerals from Western Australia was conducted with process water having high ionic strength. Nickel recovery was low in the flotation of both fine and coarse fractions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that oxidation occurred on both fine and coarse pentlandite particles. To reduce pentlandite oxidation, sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) and dithionite (Na₂S₂O₄) were added during grinding. It was found that NaHS improved both pentlandite and serpentine mineral flotation and deteriorated pentlandite separation from serpentine, whilst Na₂S₂O₄ improved pentlandite flotation without affecting serpentine flotation and therefore increased pentlandite separation from serpentine.     

氯化钠强化煤泥浮选过程的机理探讨

煤泥浮选是选煤厂提质增效的重要环节,以无机盐离子为基本要素的溶液化学环境对煤泥.浮选过程具有重要影响。文章以溶液体系中常见的无机盐一NaCl为调控因素,研究了NaCl对无烟煤煤泥浮选过程的影响。采用气泡尺寸检测、气泡破裂时间检测、聚焦光束反射测量等技术手段研究了NaCl对浮选体系气泡尺寸和颗粒聚集行为的影响。结果表明:NaCl可以显著降低气-液两相体系的气泡尺寸,0.4mol/L的NaCl对气泡尺寸的降低作用与9 mg/L的仲辛醇相当;NaCl促进了矿浆体系中的颗粒聚集,0.6mol/L NaCl溶液的加入使矿浆中颗粒的平均弦长由28.5μm增大至40μm;NaCl对气泡尺寸和颗粒聚集行为的调控作用对煤泥浮选过程具有显著的促进作用,在氯化钠浓度为0.6 mol/L条件下,浮选精煤可燃体回收率可从26.32%提高至74.04%.     

On the role of cavitation in particle collection in flotation – A critical review. II

Research in applying hydrodynamic cavitation to recovery of natural resources during the last decade is reviewed. The existence and formation of tiny bubbles or gas nuclei (with diameter from microns down to nano sizes) in natural water were verified from both direct and in-direct measurements, thus providing a foundation for applying hydrodynamic cavitation to flotation systems. The interactions between tiny bubbles and fine particles in aqueous slurry were analysed based on particle surface properties and types of gas nuclei present in water. Tiny bubbles generated by hydrodynamic cavitation were found to increase contact angle of solids and hence attachment force, bridge fine particles to form aggregates, minimize slime coating, remove oxidation layers on particle surfaces, and in consequence reduce reagents consumption. Experiments on generating tiny bubbles by hydrodynamic cavitation revealed that the energy dissipation levels for cavity formation in a flowing liquid could be much lower than predicted, depending on the content of dissolved gases, presence of free gas nuclei and design of cavitation tubes. Application of hydrodynamic cavitation to fine and coarse particle flotation, high intensity conditioning, oil agglomeration of fine coal, and oil sands processing has confirmed the role of tiny bubbles formed by cavitation in improving recovery efficiency. Based on the characteristics of vapor cavity bubbles, increased flotation kinetics by hydrodynamic cavitation could be attributed to a dual role: some collapsing cavity bubbles serving to break interfacial layers on particle surfaces, while other cavity bubbles attaching to those freshly exposed mineral surfaces. The role of water vapor and other gases within cavity bubbles in particle–bubble attachment remains to be explored, as does the action of frothers. Incorporating hydrodynamic cavitation into flotation systems to take advantage of its unique features is expected to develop the next generation of flotation machines.     

宽粒级煤浮选机流场数值模拟研究

将流态化机理与宽粒级煤浮选过程相结合,在一个浮选设备中实现细粒常规浮选与粗粒流态化浮选所需的不同流体力学环境,自行设计了一种新型宽粒级煤浮选机,并采用FLUENT 6.3.26软件进行数值模拟研究,从速度和湍流度两个方面对浮选机内流场进行分析。结果表明：在浮选机内增加格栅板后,可将浮选机内流场分为低速、弱湍流和高速、强湍流两个区域,从而可为粗、细颗粒浮选创造各自所需的流体力学条件;通过对叶轮圆周线速度比值与合速度比值和湍流强度比值变化规律的分析,找出浮选机模拟放大的运动相似准则。     

高灰难选煤泥分级浮选试验研究

针对开滦集团以高灰细粒级为主的难选煤泥,为降低精煤灰分,提高精煤质量和精煤产率,进行了分级浮选试验,以0.125 mm为分级粒度,分别进行了粗粒级和细粒级的分步释放浮选试验和浮选速度试验。试验结果表明,在灰分为11%左右时,分粒级浮选的精煤产率比全粒级浮选的精煤产率高约9个百分点,分粒级浮选的尾煤灰分比全粒级浮选的尾煤灰分高约6.5个百分点,分粒级浮选在精煤产率和尾煤灰分方面均优于全粒级浮选,从而说明了开滦高灰难选煤泥分级浮选的可行性。     

小锥角水力旋流器对难浮煤泥脱泥浮选工艺试验研究

针对通化地区黏土含量大、主导粒级为高灰细粒级的难浮煤泥,采用小锥角水力旋流器进行高效脱泥探索,旋流器产物进行粒度和矿物组成分析,底流进行分步释放浮选试验。结果表明,采用Φ150 mm小锥角水力旋流器作为煤泥浮选前脱泥的主要设备;Φ150 mm与Φ75 mm旋流器串联脱泥工艺中,0.045 mm粒级脱除率达到67.73%,灰分为50.10%,且高岭石、伊利石等黏土矿物在Φ75 mm旋流器溢流中实现富集;Φ150 mm与Φ75 mm旋流器底流单独或混合入料浮选,精煤产率(占本级)及可燃体回收率均比原煤泥直接浮选提高了2~3倍。     

淮北选煤厂细粒煤泥分选实践

为探索煤炭精细分级分选,优化生产系统,淮北选煤厂对煤泥重介质旋流器及粗煤泥振动弧形筛进行了优化,通过采用大直径煤泥重介质旋流器,改变弧形筛工艺参数,增加筛面喷水,稳定斜管浓缩机溢流等措施,加强重介分选环节对>0.25 m m粒级煤炭的精选,降低了重介系统分选下限,有效控制了粗精煤灰分、水分;降低了浮选入浮量、粒度、灰分,减轻了浮选系统的压力。同时通过采用“2+2”浮选工艺,降低了浮选精煤灰分,避免了重介精煤“背灰”现象,实现了精煤产率最大化。     

浮选精煤掺粗对其脱水效果的影响

浮选精煤粒度过细会造成浮选消泡困难、浮选精煤水分高等问题,而合理的向浮选精煤中掺入粗颗粒,改善其粒度组成,有利于解决这些问题。通过试验论证了浮选精煤掺粗有利于浮选精煤消泡,并可有效降低浮选精煤水。