陶瓷干法造粒搅拌槽结构对粉体混合效果的影响

为探究圆柱形和双层正八边形陶瓷干法造粒搅拌槽对粉体混合效果的影响.采用欧拉-欧拉方法构建气-固两相流混合过程计算模型,简化搅拌槽模拟区域并通过有限体积法建立空气-粉体混合过程物理模型,利用CFD方法对两种搅拌槽内流场进行数值计算,分析粉体体积分布与速度场,对比搅拌槽结构对粉体混合效果的影响,同时通过实验分析颗粒级配与流动性.结果表明:当搅拌槽为圆柱形时,槽壁区域形成回转抛物面,底部两侧槽底出现搅拌死角,粉体堆积度为12％;当搅拌槽为双层正八边形时,槽壁与两侧槽底湍流强度高,无回转抛物面与搅拌死角,粉体堆积度为4％.实验测得两种结构搅拌槽内有效颗粒百分比分别为71％、84％,流动性指数分别为60.66、75.5,侧面验证了数值模拟的正确性.双层正八边形搅拌槽相对圆柱形搅拌槽可有效提高粉体混合效果.     

挡板对陶瓷干法造粒气-固两相流混合过程的影响

为探究陶瓷干法造粒气-固两相流混合过程挡板对粉体混合效果影响,构建欧拉气-固两相流模型分析空气与粉体相互作用,简化造粒区域并建立粉体混合过程三维物理模型,采用滑移网格法、多重参考系法模拟造粒室旋转运动,修正RNG离散模型分析湍流状态.根据径向及轴向粉体体积分数分布、速度场探究不同挡板对粉体混合影响,并改进挡板位置和结构以提高粉体混合程度.结果表明:当造粒室内分别含矩形壁挡板、矩形底挡板、半圆形壁挡板时,粉体轴向体积分数高于0.27的区域分别占总面积29％、40％、37％;粉体径向体积分数高于0.29的区域分别占总面积24％、15％、33％;粉体轴向平均速度分别为0.4 m/s、0.5 m/s、0.6 m/s;对不同粒径的粉体进行密度测定实验,当造粒室内含矩形壁挡板时,粉体密度基本为1.9 g/cm3,一致性较好.该结果显示矩形壁挡板造粒室内的粉体堆积程度最低,粉体混合性能最优,该模型及结果能够有助于提高对陶瓷干法造粒室气固两相流流场的理解,并对造粒室挡板设计优化提供一定理论指导.     

陶瓷干法造粒室圆柱形挡板数目对粉体混合效果的影响

为探究干法造粒过程造粒室内圆柱形挡板数目对粉体混合效果的影响。采用多重参考坐标系法与滑移网格法模拟造粒室的旋转,采用修正后的欧拉-欧拉双流体模型分析气固两相间相互作用,造粒室内湍流状态使用k-εRNG离散模型进行求解,根据颗粒体积分布及颗粒流速场探究不同挡板数目对粉体混合过程的影响。结果表明:当挡板数目为0时,过多的固体回转区严重影响粉体互相混合;当挡板数目为2时,颗粒速度及体积分数分布均匀,但继续增加挡板数目则会降低颗粒速度,并加重挡板间的颗粒堆积,使颗粒局部涡流变大,造成混合不均。实验验证了数值仿真的正确性,当挡板数目为2时,有效颗粒含量占比91%,颗粒级配最佳。所建模型及仿真结果能够有助于加深对造粒室内流场特性的了解,并对其结构的优化有一定的指导意义。     

Si3N4粉体表面化学分析及表面改性

Si3N4陶瓷是一种重要的结构陶瓷,本文着重阐述了Si3N4粉体的表面分析方法,以及为了提高固相体积分数而进行的Si3N4粉体表面改性方面的进展.     

水力压裂管柱弯管处的固体颗粒冲蚀研究

为了研究固/液两相流体对压裂管柱弯管处的冲蚀问题,运用DPM冲蚀模型对弯管处在不同固相颗粒体积分数条件下的冲蚀进行计算与分析,追踪固体颗粒粒子路径,研究结果表明:弯管内壁管径最大区域最易产生冲蚀;在不同固相颗粒体积分数条件下,弯管最大冲蚀率随着固体颗粒含量的增加而增加,且固相颗粒体积分数与弯管的冲蚀率呈线性变化趋势。     

Si3N 4粉体表面化学分析及表面改性

Si3N4陶瓷是一种重要的结构陶瓷,本文着重阐述了Si3N4粉体的表面分析方法,以及为了提高固相体积分数而进行的Si3N4粉体表面改性方面的进展。     

两种方法制备BaTiO3陶瓷组织性能比较

制备钛酸钡粉体主要有两种方法,目前还没有文献对两种制备方法进行系统比较,本文采用两种方法即溶胶凝胶法和固相反应法制备钛酸钡粉体,并对粉体的微观形貌和相组成进行比较分析,结果表明两种方法均能成功制备钛酸钡粉体,而溶胶凝胶法制备的粉体由于颗粒细小均匀,因此性能优于固相反应法制备的粉体.分别将两种方法所得粉体经成型烧结制备陶瓷,并对其进行性能检测和微观形貌观察,结果表明采用溶胶凝胶法所得粉体制备的陶瓷由于晶粒发育良好、结构紧密及气孔较少.因此具有较高的体积密度及优良的PTc性能,其体积密度p=3.11g/cm3,室温电阻率p=60Ω·cm,电阻温度系数α25=1 6.7%·℃-1.     

基于电容层析成像技术的流化床内固相体积分数分布特性研究

针对煤清洁转化过程流化床内复杂气固两相流动特性,采用电容层析成像(简称ECT)技术,考察了流化床内玻璃珠和树脂颗粒瞬时和时均的固相体积分数分布特性。结果表明,利用不同时刻的瞬时固相体积分数等值图,可实现对截面颗粒分布的量化检测;局部时均固相体积分数沿径向呈"中心低、边壁高"的对称分布,截面时均固相体积分数沿轴向呈"下浓上稀"分布,测量结果与经典理论和实验观察相一致,表明ECT方法可以定性与定量测定流化床内气固两相流动过程固相体积分数。     

白钨矿连续酸浸槽内固体颗粒的流动特性实验及模型研究

以停留时间分布（RTD）为评价指标,对硫磷混酸浸出白钨矿的连续浸出槽内固相颗粒流动行为进行实验研究。同时探究了进料流量、搅拌转速、连续浸出槽中物料进出口位置组合对固相颗粒流动行为的影响。实验结果表明：随着进口流量的增大,一开始槽内的返混程度得到了增强,量纲为1化方差变大,但是继续增大进口流量,进口处物料的横向迁移速度加强,使槽内流体流动趋向平推流,导致量纲为1化方差减小;量纲为1化方差随着搅拌转速的增大而增大,但是此时在槽下部区域会逐渐形成循环死区,槽内死区体积分数随之增大;平均停留时间随着物料进出口位置的变化而发生变化,下进下出的进出料位置组合其平均停留时间最大,且最接近理论平均停留时间。最后利用非理想流动模型来表征实验过程中的停留时间分布,模型拟合的停留时间曲线与实验测量的曲线吻合程度良好。     

颗粒孔结构的积木分形模型

构造了立方和四面体两种积木分形体，得到一般积木分形体模型，导出关联表面积和体积增量的3个分形表达式，并分析了表面分数维的几何意义. 实验结果表明，利用该模型的表面积与体积增量分形表达式可以从压汞和BET的实验数据计算表面分数维，相关系数较高. 对同一种颗粒，两种实验方法可以得到相同的分数维. 讨论了体积增量的计算方法.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.