改性片麻岩催化合成羟基酯的研究

以乳酸与醇的酯化反应、酒石酸与醇的酯化反应及羧酸与环氧氯丙烷得开环酯化反应为模型反应 ,研究了改性片麻岩作为催化剂对上述反应的催化性能。在n (羧酸 )∶n(醇 ) =1 0∶5 2的条件下发生酯化反应 ,羧酸转化率不低于 90 % ,而且基本不发生羟基酸分子间的酯化反应。改性片麻岩对羧酸的酯化反应具有催化作用 ,而且副反应少 ,易于分离 ,无环境污染     

磷酸淀粉单酯的制备与应用

一、制备方法淀粉易与磷酸盐发生酯化反应,生成酯的衍生物,有磷酸淀粉一酯(单酯)、二酯和三酯。磷酸淀粉单酯是淀粉的一个羟基与正磷酸盐酯化而得的酯。常用于单酯型的试剂有磷酸、磷酸二氢钠和磷酸氢二钠等。反应式如下:     

多壁碳纳米管接枝超支化聚(胺-酯)

采用混酸氧化,使碳纳米管表面产生羧基,再分别以接出法(grafting from)的方式在碳纳米管表面"长出"超支化大分子;以接入法(grafting to)的方式将由"一步法"合成的超支化聚(胺-酯)通过酯化反应接枝到碳纳米管表面。通过SEM、FTIR、TGA-DSC以及XRD等表征手段并结合酸碱滴定法测定修饰后碳纳米管表面的羟基密度,对功能化修饰的碳纳米管进行分析。结果表明,分别以"grafting from"和"grafting to"方式接枝超支化聚(胺-酯)后,碳纳米管的羟基密度分别为24.74 mmol/g和20.04 mmol/g,修饰后的碳纳米管分散性能明显提高,同时末端丰富的官能团为碳纳米管的进一步功能化修饰创造了条件。     

最新专利

正一种多羟基柔性聚酯纤维的制备方法(申请号CN201410037982申请日2014.01.26申请人东华大学)该发明涉及一种多羟基柔性聚酯纤维的制备方法。将二元醇、多羟基与聚乙二醇大分子按照一定的摩尔比混合,利用分阶段酯化,第一酯化阶段酸微过量,保证多元醇中参加酯化反应能力较低的部分充分反应,接入到聚酯分子链中。在第二酯化阶段补充二元醇对共聚酯的端羧基进行调     

松香与甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯的酯化反应和加成反应研究

研究了松香与甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEMA)的酯化反应和加成反应,探讨了阻聚剂、催化剂种类和用量、反应温度和原料配比等对酯化反应和加成反应的影响,并采用红外光谱(FT-IR)法和热重分析(TGA)法分别表征了产物的分子结构和酯化物的热稳定性。结果表明:松香分子中的羧基和双键分别与HEMA分子中的羟基和双键发生了酯化反应和加成反应;氧化锌是酯化反应较好的催化剂,当w(氧化锌)=1.0%(相对于松香而言)、反应温度为220℃时,有利于酯化反应的进行;HEMA用量越多,越有利于加成反应的进行;FT-IR表明已成功制取了松香与HEMA的反应产物,TGA表明该产物的热稳定性明显提高。     

膦酸酯修饰的多壁碳纳米管的制备与表征

为提高多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的表面活性,故对其表面进行有机修饰。以苯酚为原料,分别通过磷酸化和phospha-Fries重排反应,合成了2-羟基-苯膦酸二乙酯。膦酸酯上的羟基与酰氯化的多壁碳纳米管发生反应,得到了膦酸酯修饰的多壁碳纳米管。核磁共振波谱和红外光谱表征分析了膦酸酯及膦酸酯修饰的碳纳米管的组成结构,并且对比了修饰与未修饰的碳纳米管的分散性。结果表明,膦酸酯对碳纳米管的表面修饰有助于提高其在四氢呋喃中的分散性。     

对羟基苯甲酸乙酯的合成

对羟基苯甲酸乙酯又叫尼泊金乙酯,它的分子式是C_9H_(10)O_3,分子量为166.173 9,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯是对羟基苯甲酸与乙醇发生反应,进行酯化反应,然后再进行精致提炼。对羟基苯甲酸乙酯合成原料主要有对羟基苯甲酸,以及乙醇,使用的催化剂主要是氨基磺酸,主要研究了对羟基苯甲酸乙酯的合成,以及各种影响因素。     

端羟基聚环氧氯丙烷酯化反应研究

通过端羟基聚环氧氯丙烷(PECH)的酯化,合成了端酯基PECH,用FT-IR和NMR进行了结构表征。优化了酯化反应工艺,结果表明:以乙酸酐为酯化剂,酯化剂与羟基物质的量比为1.6;N-甲基咪唑为催化剂,催化剂质量分数为3.6%;1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为0.5h,则羟基转化率为100%,收率>94.3%。     

马来酸酐改性油酸基聚酯多元醇的合成

以油酸为原料,经羟基化、酸酐改性、酯化合成油酸基聚酯多元醇,考察了摩尔比、常压反应温度时间、减压反应温度时间、催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响,研究了不同组合酯化试剂对多元醇性能的影响。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、高效凝胶色谱(GPC)、热重(TGA)对多元醇的结构、相对分子质量、热稳定性进行了表征。结果表明,最佳酯化条件为醇酸比n(二甘醇)∶n(羟基油酸)=1.1∶1,催化剂Zn O量为0.8%,常压、210℃下反应90min,再在180℃下减压反应120min。     

PBS酯化反应及副反应影响因素的研究(二)

研究了丁二酸二甲酯和1,4-丁二醇酯交换反应过程中,酯化率与四氢呋喃生成率随反应时间的变化,通过分析反应温度、催化剂以及酸的影响,探讨了端丁羟基脱除反应对生成四氢呋喃副反应的贡献.结果表明:PBS直接酯化反应过程中,端丁羟基脱除反应对生成THF的贡献远小于1,4-丁二醇的环化反应,Ti(OBu)4的加入可以降低端丁羟基脱除反应,丁二酸的存在以及反应温度的提高对端丁羟基脱除反应具有一定的促进作用.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。