新型管材冲击液压成形装置的设计

针对常规的管材液压成形技术需要昂贵的专用设备及模具、生产效率低等不足,开发了一种简单实用、可在冲床或压力机上使用的管材冲击液压成形装置,可用于薄壁金属管材的自然胀形、轴压胀形和异形截面中空件的冲击液压成形。该装置无需外部高压供给系统和专用液压成形设备,通过撞击轴压头挤压容腔中液体的方式来为管材提供液压力和轴压力。通过设计轴压头的行程和调节溢流阀的溢流压力值等来实现最大液压力和轴向进给量的合理匹配,并以304不锈钢毛细管和H65黄铜毛细管为试验管材做了相关试验。研究结果表明:该装置结构简单、操作方便;可实现最大液压力与轴向进给量的协调控制;合理的载荷匹配能显著地提高管材冲击液压成形的成形性能;H65黄铜毛细管破裂时所需的液压力小于304不锈钢毛细管破裂时所需的液压力。     

管材径压胀形试验与测试装置的开发

开发了一种管材径压胀形试验装置,包括成形模具及液压控制系统。液压力由手动液压泵提供,径向压力由压力设备提供。采用该装置可以在不同管端约束方式、不同液压力和不同润滑方式下进行管材的径压胀形试验研究。初步试验结果表明,该装置具有结构简单、操作方便、工作可靠等特点,能满足径压胀形试验的基本要求。     

管材自由胀形时极限载荷及成形极限的确定

基于轮廓形状为余弦曲线及轮廓上任一质点的运动轨迹与轮廓正交的假设及材料各向异性理论,建立直观的数学模型,并借助数值计算方法,快速、准确地确定薄壁管材无模约束自由液压胀形的成形载荷及成形极限。通过对不锈钢及低碳钢薄壁管的液压胀形实验来验证理论模型及计算结果的正确性,并分析及比较胀形中的成形载荷变化规律、管材壁厚及轮廓形状的变化规律。研究结果表明,自由胀形长度l0对于极限载荷pb值的大小有较大的影响,但对极限胀形系数Kmax影响较小;基于该模型计算的极限载荷(破坏时的液压力)及成形极限更加接近实际,可用于管材液压胀形的生产中。     

微小管轴向超声辅助液压成形装置的设计与开发

针对现有的超声振动液压成形装置中振动主要施加在模具上、振动能量传递路径长、结构复杂等特点,开发了一种将振动直接作用于管材的微小管轴向超声辅助液压成形装置,可在普通压力机上进行超声和常规的轴压胀形。该装置选用标准模架作为轴向进给机构,结构简单、成本低,通过设计耦合了变幅杆功能和密封结构的一体化工具头,将超声振动顺利叠加在轴压胀形过程中,并以TP2无缝内螺纹铜管为试验材料进行了相关试验。结果表明:该装置拆装方便、操作简单,振动的加载降低了对成形过程中轴压载荷和液压力的要求,加强了材料的轴向流动。     

铝合金防碰撞吸能管液压成形加载路径研究

针对防碰撞吸能管成形需要,提出了对铝合金6061圆管液压胀形过程的轴向进给补偿-液压力加载路径控制过程.通过数值模拟方法,采用分析软件ABAQUS 6.10对铝合金6061管材液压胀形的加载路径进行了研究.以成形件不发生起皱、破裂两种失效方式以及最终成形壁厚分布为依据,分析了不同轴向进给和液压力加载路径对成形件质量的影...     

液压胀形环境下管材的力学行为

管材液压胀形技术在轻量化、一体化制造领域具有很好的发展前景和应用价值。为了更好地分析与研究该技术,结合国内外学者的研究进展,对液压胀形下管材的力学行为进行了全面地分析与总结。首先,对金属薄壁管在液压胀形下力学模型的构建方法进行了介绍,并分析了力学模型在塑性本构关系构建和管材成形性等方面的具体应用;然后,分析了双金属复合管液压胀形的成形机理及成形过程中的力学行为;最后,对管材液压胀形技术的发展趋势进行了阐述。通过对近年来管材液压胀形力学行为的分析与总结,为管材液压胀形技术的发展提供了有益参考。     

基于MSC.MARC的TP2铜管材液压胀形数值模拟

利用有限元分析软件MSC.MARC,建立了变径铜管材模型,完成了管材液压胀形过程的模拟,对成形后的管材进行了壁厚和等效应变分析.得出了轴向进给和管内高压的较合理的匹配关系,得出了壁厚减薄率和应变的最大区域是在管材两端倒角和胀形最大区域的连接处.     

渐进冲击液压载荷下T型管的成形规律

为了进一步提高管坯的成形性能，改善传统液压胀形依赖高压源的问题，提出了一种多通管渐进冲击液压胀形方法。以T2紫铜T型管为研究对象，应用设计的胀形装置进行了冲击液压胀形实验研究，通过不同冲击液压载荷下1道次冲击液压胀形、2道次和3道次渐进冲击液压胀形结果的对比，分析了初始内压力、补料量、渐进道次对T型管支管高度、壁厚分布、支管顶部圆角半径的影响。研究结果表明：该方法可以成形出质量较好的T型管；初始内压力对T型管支管的顶部圆角和侧壁贴模性有较大的影响；各道次的初始内压力分别为10、30和32 MPa以及补料量分别为3、3和15 mm的3道次渐进冲击液压载荷下，T型管的成形质量最好。     

金属薄壁管液压胀形极限测试装置的试验研究

分析了金属薄壁管液压胀形中胀形区截面节点的应力和应变状态,分别针对轴向进给力F的作用大于或小于液压力P的作用,金属薄壁管胀形区截面节点的应变状态分别对应成形极限图的左侧和右侧应变状态,开发1套能实现胀形区截面节点不同应变状态的金属薄壁管液压胀形极限测试装置,通过示例,获得了简单加载路径下金属薄壁管液压胀形成形极限图。     

基于数字散斑相关法的管材胀形轮廓方程的构建

在液压胀形中,为了解决管材流动应力关系构建中胀形参数求解难的现状,实现变形参数的在线、全场、非接触测量,提出了基于数字散斑相关法获取管材胀形参数方法。首先,描述了数字散斑相关法的基本原理及应用。然后,利用三维数字散斑动态应变测量分析系统和自行开发的管材自然胀形装置,分别对304不锈钢和H62黄铜管材进行了多组内压力的液压自然胀形试验,并在线获取了管材在各组内压下的变形参数,该系统变形测量精度为0.001 mm。最后,通过点云生成、三维重构、母线提取,获得各组内压力下的管材胀形轮廓方程。将所得结果与测量求解法结果的比较,相对误差均在10%之内,表明这两种求解方法具有较好的一致性,能满足管材胀形参数求解的要求。     

Bulge forming of tubes with axial compressive force proportional to the hydraulic pressure

A device for applying an axial compressive force proportional to the internal hydraulic pressure in tube bulging was designed, constructed and tested. Using this device, copper tubes of diameter 25.4 mm were bulged. By varying the ratio of the axial compressive force to the hydraulic pressure, the largest ratio for maximum bulging was obtained. At lower values of the ratio, fracture occurred at lower circumferential expansions, whereas at higher values buckling of the tube resulted. The hydraulic pressure and the maximum strains at bursting were measured. Bulging in three stages, with interstage annealing, a circumferential expansion to a diameter of 48 mm was obtained. The maximum bulging possible in each stage was determined together with the hydraulic pressures necessary using the optimum ratio of axial load to the internal pressure. Meridional, circumferential, and thickness strains measured in each stage are presented.     

A simple experimental tooling with internal pressure source used for evaluation of material formability in tube hydroforming

Material properties have powerful impact on the tube hydroforming (THF) process and the quality of the deformed tube, so it is important to select proper materials and evaluate the material formability prior to conducting the process. A simplified and applied tooling, which has no use for any external hydraulic pressure source but internal one, was designed for charactering the material formability in THF. A pressurized-fluid supplier is automatically established to provide the internal pressure and axial load synchronously required for THF, and the ratio of the two loads is achieved by proper design of the supplier. As a stand-alone hydraulic bulging fixture, the tooling can be worked on a conventional press, even on a single action press. Free bulge forming (FBF), bulge forming with axial loading (BFAL), free and restrained bulge forming (free and fixed ends) can be fulfilled by the tooling, and furthermore, bulge forming with proportional loading to some extend can be realized. Comparative bulge forming experiments under various forming conditions were carried out with the tooling to validate this project and the results suggest that restrained conditions on the tube ends highly affect the FBF, while the ratio of the two loads dominates the BFAL.     

磁脉冲胀形管件材料本构参数识别方法

磁脉冲自由胀形后的管件沿轴向材料分布不均匀,且由于其特殊的几何形状无法通过单向拉伸试验获取其材料参数。为获取磁脉冲胀形管的材料参数,提出了一种基于显微压痕试验的磁脉冲自由胀形管件材料参数的获取方法,整个材料参数获取过程包括显微压痕试验、显微压痕试验有限元模型的建立及验证和基于多岛遗传算法(MIGA)的计算反求3部分。通过显微压痕试验获取胀形管轴向不同位置点处的载荷-侵入量曲线,然后通过改变显微压痕有限元模型中的材料参数使仿真得到的载荷-侵入量曲线不断逼近试验的载荷-侵入量曲线,当两曲线在最小二乘意义上达到误差最小时,由仿真得到的材料参数即被认为是真实的材料参数。最后,将反求得到的不同位置点的材料参数整体代入到磁脉冲自由胀形管轴向压溃仿真中,通过比较轴向压溃仿真与轴向压溃试验的变形模式以及力-位移曲线、峰值力、平均力、总吸能等参数来验证参数的准确性。     

Influence of axial feeding on the growth of circumferential thickness deviation in free hydraulic bulging

Loading paths (hereafter referred as LPs) that consist of internal pressure and axial feeding are important manufacturing conditions in tube hydroforming. Among the factors that affect LP design, friction between the forming die and tube causes the most difficulty due to its complicated characteristics. Although there is no friction, a number of issues with LP design remain. In this study, free hydraulic bulging (hereafter FHB) with internal pressure and axial feeding is investigated. In FHB, tubes are freely expended without friction. It has been shown that axial feeding affects the circumferential thickness distribution in the tube periphery. The tubes in this study are straight seamless tubes. Seamless tubes typically have predictable thickness deviations resulting from their manufacturing processes. In general, the degree of thickness deviation will increase as the tube expands. A FEM simulator is used to analyze the mechanism of the growth of thickness deviation.     

Study on formability of tube hydroforming through elliptical die inserts

This paper proposes a novel experimental approach to evaluate the formability for tube hydroforming under biaxial stretching through elliptical bulging. The idea comes from the hydraulic stretch-drawing tests with elliptical dies for the right hand side of forming limit curve (FLC). Based on the deformation theory and the classical Hosford yield criterion, an analytical model is constructed for the elliptical bulging of tube hydroforming. Then the novel experimental device is designed with five upper elliptical die inserts and one lower die insert used to produce ellipsoidal bulged domes and some experiments are performed. The linear strain paths in different strain states are verified and the right hand side of FLC for roll-formed QSTE340 seamed tube is determined through the proposed experimental approaches. Finally, a comparison between the theoretical results and experimental data is performed. The theoretical predictions show good agreement with the experimental results.     

过渡区参数对TRB管液压胀形性能的影响及预测

建立了不同过渡区参数的TRB(Tailor-Rolled Blank)管液压胀形有限元模型,提出了一种离散不规则过渡区的新方法,研究了TRB管过渡曲线、过渡区长度和厚度差对胀形性能的影响规律。针对TRB管液压胀形,进行了正交设计,以数值模拟结果为基础,建立了BP神经网络预测模型,并将预测结果与数值模拟结果进行对比分析,验证了预测结果的精度。结果表明:各参数对胀形性能影响的区域不同,但都对最大成形高度影响显著,极差最大达6.47 mm,最小为2.88 mm;凹弧型过渡曲线的成形性能最差,最大的成形高度差为2.88 mm;增大过渡区长度有利于胀形,随厚度差增加,成形性能快速下降,其中厚侧成形高度差值达8.22 mm。单组预测值在误差范围内,预测模型能用于预测其他过渡区参数组合的TRB管胀形。     

Effect of tube size on electromagnetic tube bulging

The commercial finite code ANSYS was employed for the simulation of the electromagnetic tube bulging process. The finite element model and boundary conditions were thoroughly discussed. ANSYS/EMAG was used to model the time varying electromagnetic field in order to obtain the radial and axial magnetic pressure acting on the tube, The magnetic pressure was then used as boundary conditions to model the high velocity deformation of various length tube with ANSYS/LSDYNA. The time space distribution of magnetic pressure on various length tubes was presented. Effect of tube size on the distribution of radial magnetic pressure and axial magnetic pressure and high velocity deformafion were discussed. According to the radial magnetic pressure ratio of tube end to tube center and corresponding dimensionless length ratio of tube to coil, the free electromagnetic tube bulging was studied in classification. The calculated results show good agreements with practice.     

PLASTIC DEFORMATION REGULARITY OF TAILOR-WELDED TUBE (TWT) WITH DISSIMILAR THICKNESS DURING HYDRO-BULGING

为揭示差厚拼焊管内高压胀形的变形规律, 采用有限元数值模拟和实验并结合力学分析, 研究了差厚拼焊管胀形时薄壁管、厚壁管的变形差异, 及塑性区的发生、发展过程和促进变形协调的力学和几何因素, 分析了差厚变形条件下薄壁管、厚壁管的应力、应变发展历史. 结果表明: 差厚拼焊管内高压胀形时, 厚壁管的变形始终落后于薄壁管. 薄壁管中部最先屈服, 塑性区自中部向两端逐渐扩展, 厚壁管靠近焊缝端先屈服, 随着内压升高塑性区逐渐扩展到另一端. 变形强化和长度比增大可促进两管协调变形. 无论长度比如何变化, 整个变形过程中薄壁管轴向应变始终为拉应变, 厚壁管轴向始终为压应变.