核正交判别局部正切空间对齐算法

针对现有的局部正切空间算法中存在的问题,文中提出一种基于核变换的特征提取方法——核正交判别局部正切空间对齐算法(KOTSDA)。该算法首先利用核方法将人脸图像投影到一个高维非线性空间,提取其非线性信息;然后在目标函数中利用正切空间判别分析算法在保持样本的类内局部几何结构的同时最大化类间差异;最后添加正交约束,得到核正交判别局部正切空间对齐算法。该算法不需要经过PCA降维,有效避免判别信息的丢失,在ORL和Yale人脸库上的实验验证算法有效性。     

核正交UDP及其在人脸识别中的应用

针对人脸识别中的特征提取问题,对原始的非监督判别映射(UDP)算法进行了改进,提出一种基于核正交UDP的人脸识别算法.利用核的方法提取人脸图像中的非线性信息,并将其投影在一个高维非线性空间;在加入基向量正交的约束后,通过能够保持人脸图像局部几何结构的UDP算法作一个线性映射,以求取算法的正交基向量.该算法中,采用核方法可以更好地提取人脸非线性结构特征,正交基向量则可以更好地保留非线性子流形空间与度量结构有关的信息,增强了算法的识别性能.最后,通过在ORL和PIE人脸库上的人脸识别实验验证了文中算法的有效性.     

基于正则化最小二乘的局部判别投影的人脸识别

受子空间学习和正则化技术的启发,提出正则化最小二乘的局部判别投影,为了获得投影子空间,首先构建类内和类间图,然后推导出计算公式,再使用正则化最小二乘法解出子空间,与普通算法相比,该算法既保持了流形的局部几何结构,又保持了判别结构,在标准人脸数据库上的实验表明该算法有效.     

空间光滑且完整的子空间学习算法

提出一种空间光滑且完整的子空间学习算法.它融合了主成分分析、空间光滑的子空间学习算法和局部敏感判别投影的技术特点.不但保持了数据流形的全局和局部几何结构,而且保持了它的判别信息和空间关系.从原始样本提取全局和局部特征经线性变换组成新样本,再从新样本中提取最佳分类特征,最后由分类器完成分类识别.同一般的子空间算法相比,该算法提高了识别率.实验结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

改进的线性局部切空间排列算法

线性局部切空间排列算法（LLTSA）是一种能很好的适用于识别问题的非线性降维方法,但LLTSA仅仅关注了数据的局部几何结构,而没有体现数据的整体信息。本文提出了一种基于主成分分析（PCA）改进的线性局部切空间排列算法（P-LLTSA）,该算法在Linear-LTSA的基础上,考虑了样本的全局结构,进而得到更好的降维效果。在经典的三维流形和在MNIST图像库手写体识别的实验中,识别率较PCA、LPP,LLTSA有明显提高,证实了该算法在识别问题中的有效性。     

基于自适应邻域选择的局部判别投影算法

在多模数据分类中,使用局部Fisher判别分析和边界Fisher分析方法构建邻域不能充分反映流形学习对邻域的要求.为此,提出一种基于自适应邻域选择的局部判别投影算法.采用自适应方法扩大或者缩小近邻系数k,以构建邻域,从而保持局部线性结构,揭示流形的内在几何结构,利用局部化方法使得投影空间中同类近邻样本尽量紧凑、异类近邻样本尽量分开.在ORL和YALE入脸数据库中进行实验,结果表明,在不同训练样本个数下,该算法均能获得较高的识别率.     

一种新的基于最大边缘准则的监督流形学习方法

在深入研究局部样条嵌入算法(LSE)的基础上,引入明确的线性映射关系,构建平移缩放模型和正交化特征子空间,提出了一种正交局部样条判别投影算法(O-LSDP),有效解决了原始LSE算法存在的两个主要问题:样本外点学习问题和无监督模式学习问题。该算法能够应用于模式分类问题并显著改善算法的分类识别能力。在标准人脸数据库上进行的实验比较分析验证了该算法的有效性与可行性。     

一种新的基于MMC和LSE的监督流形学习算法

针对局部样条嵌入算法 （Local spline embedding,LSE） 存在样本外点学习和无监督模式学习问题,本文提出了一种新颖的正交局部样条判别投影算法 （O-LSDP）.该算法通过引入明确的线性映射关系,构建平移缩放模型,以及正交化特征子空间,从而使该算法能够应用于模式分类问题并显著改善了算法的分类识别能力.在标准人 脸数据库和植物叶片数据库上的实验结果验证了该算法的有效性与可行性.     

基于几何距离摄动的局部切空间排列算法

局部切空间排列算法（Local Tangent Space Alignment）是一种具有严格数学推理的流形学习算法,能有效地学习出高维数据的低维嵌入坐标,但也存在一些不足,如对近邻点的选取依赖性较强、不适应处理高曲率分布、稀疏分布数据源。针对这些缺点,提出了一种基于几何距离摄动的局部切空间排列算法。利用几何摄动条件把样本空间划分为一组线性分块的组合,在每一个线性块上应用LTSA算法完成降维。实验结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

基于二维判别局部排列的特征提取算法

提出一种基于二维判别局部排列的特征提取算法,用于人脸识别等模式分类问题。该算法集成局部判别排列和二维特征提取算法的思想,在部分优化阶段,对每一个训练样例,通过寻找最近邻的方式构建局部面片,设计目标函数保持局部判别信息。在整体排列阶段,利用排列技术,整合各个局部面片,得到一个全局的坐标系。通过求解特征值问题可得到低维投影矩阵。在ORL标准人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的优越性和鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。