可调谐锁模光纤激光器泵浦的超连续谱光源

为了实现平坦度更好、光谱覆盖可见光波段的超连续谱激光输出,研究了泵浦波长可调谐的全光纤结构超连续谱光纤激光器。设计搭建了一台非线性偏振旋转锁模脉冲光纤激光器,实现了9种中心波长的耗散孤子皮秒脉冲输出,波长调谐范围为1 041~1 076nm;以它作为种子源进行了两级功率放大,并泵浦10m长的光子晶体光纤,在泵浦激光功率为500mW时,得到9种输出光谱特性不同的超连续谱激光,得到当泵浦激光中心波长为1 050nm时,更利于实现光谱范围更宽、平坦度更好、可见光分量更多的超连续谱激光输出。为进一步拓宽超连续谱激光的光谱范围、提升光谱平坦度,将泵浦激光功率提升至1.45 W,最终实现了输出功率为600mW、短波边界为470nm、600~1 700nm内10dB光谱宽度为1 053nm的超连续谱激光输出。     

用于去除非共振背景的圆偏振宽带CARS光谱研究

相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射(CARS)是一种受激拉曼现象,在显微成像时,存在非共振背景,会导致光谱产生峰位偏移和谱线变形。本文利用飞秒激光作为光源,通过光栅滤波系统产生窄带泵浦光,飞秒激光激发光子晶体光纤产生超连续谱作为斯托克斯光,两束光被调制为圆偏振光后同时激发样品产生CARS光谱。通过模拟计算说明圆偏振光可以有效去除各向异性材料CARS光谱中的非共振背景,从而使CARS光谱具有和自发拉曼相似的谱线形状。聚苯乙烯微球和液晶样品的CARS光谱实验结果与模拟计算基本相符,说明圆偏振是一种有效去除CARS光谱非共振背景的方法。     

基于掺镁周期极化铌酸锂晶体的内腔单共振连续可调谐光参量振荡器

为了用简单、紧凑的谐振腔获得稳定的激光输出,大的调谐范围和转换效率,设计了信号光单共振V型光学参量振荡(OPO)腔,采用内腔式抽运周期极化掺镁铌酸锂晶体(PPMgLN)的光学参量振荡技术获得了连续中红外宽波段调谐激光的输出.用808 nm半导体激光抽运Nd:YVO4晶体产生的1 064 nm激光作为光参量振荡的基频光,通过V型腔灵活控制激光光斑并改变PPMgLN的极化周期和控制温度实现了2 249～3 706 nm中红外的连续宽波段调谐激光输出.在半导体激光抽运功率为10.5W,极化周期为29.98μm,控制温度为411 K的情况下获得了最高650 mW的中红外激光输出,对应的中心波长为3 466 nm,线宽为2.6 nm,具有较好的单色性.在7.5W的入射功率下,最高808 nm抽运光到闲频光的转化效率达7.73％,对应输出功率为580 mW.     

用于高精度光纤陀螺的掺铒光纤宽带光源的优化

为优化双程后向结构的掺铒光源,分析了光纤长度、泵浦功率和温度的变化对光源平均中心波长的影响,初步确定了掺铒光纤长度的优化范围,并在全温度范围内进行实验验证。实验选用的980nm泵浦源电流为110mA,掺铒光纤的长度为12.5m,该装置的输出功率为13.26mW,光源的平均波长稳定性为0.6℃-1。通过建立光谱分布优化仿真模型,实现输出光谱的近高斯分布,3dB带宽达到32nm。经过优化后得到的掺铒光纤光源具有输出功率高、平均波长稳定性好、输出光谱呈高斯分布等优势,是高精度光纤陀螺的理想光源。     

基于MG-Y型可调谐半导体光源的光纤光栅解调系统研究

介绍了一种基于调制光栅Y分支(MG-Y)可调谐光源的光纤光栅解调系统。该系统由可调谐光源控制系统和光电探测电路组成。光源系统由ARM处理器对单片集成恒流源芯片和高精度温度控制芯片控制;光电探测电路是由光电二极管和高动态范围的对数放大电路组成,用于接收光纤光栅反射信号。针对基于可调谐扫描光源的硬件系统研究,提出采用波长计实现查找表的方法,构建了"波长-电流"精确转换模型,实现了光纤光栅解调仪的装配与调试。实验对可调谐光源进行测试,该光源在1 527～1 567 nm光谱范围能够按照20 pm间隔依次输出2 001个激光,扫描波长间隔偏差最大为8 pm,功率波动小于4.5 dBm;在F-P标准具验证实验中,解调仪能够对40 nm范围内的52个反射峰实现分辨。     

纳秒声光调Q光纤激光器产生超连续谱

根据现有生成超连续谱方案的不足,搭建了一台全光纤结构的纳秒声光调Q激光器。该激光器中心波长为1 064.3nm,重复频率为20kHz,脉冲宽度为250ns;经过一级放大得到的输出功率为13.02 W。将信号光耦合进自行研制的高功率模场适配器(MFA),得到了10.7 W的信号光输出,耦合效率高达82.2%。将MFA与光子晶体光纤(PCF)熔接,得到了平均功率为5.43 W的超连续谱输出,光谱覆盖为900~1 700nm。由于实验采用的声光调制器(AOM)脉宽较宽,导致泵浦光峰值较低,非线性效应较弱,未能使超连续谱向可见光展宽。因此,建议采用较窄脉宽的AOM作为调Q元件来实现高峰值功率输出,以改善纳秒脉冲PCF产生的超连续谱特性。     

掺铒单模光纤飞秒脉冲激光器和放大器

为了获得一种被动锁模掺铒光纤振荡器及功率放大器,数值模拟出超短脉冲在光纤中的传输和演化过程,并基于此搭建了一种被动锁模掺铒光纤飞秒振荡器及功率放大器。实验获得了中心波长1560 nm、重复频率100 MHz、输出功率30 mW、脉冲宽度85 fs超短脉冲。通过采用PPLN晶体进行倍频,进一步获得了输出功率5 mW,中心波长780 nm的飞秒脉冲。该光纤激光器为全保偏光纤结构,具有体积小巧、可靠性高、稳定性好的特点。     

用修正双晶技术诊断激光等离子体X射线极化度

研制了激光等离子体极化光谱仪,用于诊断波长为0.2～20 nm的激光等离子体X射线的极化度并推断等离子体内部的各向异性状态.设计的谱仪在电子束垂直入射面内正交布置的色散元件均为PET晶体,两通道均用成像板接收光谱信号,其有效面积为30 mm×80 mm,从光源经晶体到成像板的光程分别为980mm和310 mm.在中国工...     

双重滤波扫频光源的研制

扫频光源是目前光学相干层析成像的关键部分,其光谱带宽和瞬时线宽分别影响着成像系统的轴向分辨率和成像深度。在单一滤波器中,这两者相互制约。针对这一情况,提出了一个利用两种滤波器组合优化的扫频光源系统。以双半导体光放大器并联作为增益介质,将声光可调滤波器(AOTF)和法布里-珀罗可调滤波器(FFP-TF)串联接入环形腔内进行双重滤波。其中AOTF的调谐范围和瞬时线宽均较宽,FFP-TF与之相反,经同步匹配设置后,两者协调工作,能够发挥各自的优势。通过搭建系统,获得了中心波长为1 316 nm的扫频激光输出,其光谱是1 235～1 380 nm,调谐范围是145 nm,瞬时线宽小于0.02 nm,扫频速度为1.35 kHz,输出光功率为0.48 mW。该扫频光源能够克服单一滤波器的固有缺陷,实现宽光谱带宽与窄瞬时线宽的有效统一,对成像综合性能的优化具有重要意义。     

用于荧光显微技术的多波长激光耦合系统

为了满足荧光显微镜技术对多波长单模耦合输出激光的需求,研究了400～680 nm内多波长激光耦合进单模光纤的技术,设计了三片式耦合透镜组很好地消除了不同波长耦合时的色差以提高耦合效率,同时考虑光纤耦合调试难度大的问题,设计了能快速简单完成耦合调节的耦合光纤部件结构以及耦合调试的方法,通过实验测试荧光成像常用的4种波段激光（405,488,561,638 nm）,耦合效率均大于65%。实验结果达到了较高的光纤耦合水平,证明该多波长激光耦合器性能优异。同时,由于耦合器装调简单且成本低,本文的工作具有进一步商业化的价值,且为多波长单模耦合激光器国产化打下了坚实的基础。     

Application of a high power Yb fiber‐based laser compatible with commercial optical parametric oscillator for coherent anti‐stokes raman scattering microscopy

Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is a powerful tool for chemical analysis at a subcellular level, frequently used for imaging lipid dynamics in living cells. We report a high‐power picosecond fiber‐based laser and its application for optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumping and CARS microscopy. This fiber‐based laser has been carefully characterized. It produces 5 ps pulses with 0.8 nm spectral width at a 1,030 nm wavelength with more than 10 W of average power at 80 MHz repetition rate; these spectral and temporal properties can be slightly modified. We then study the influence of these modifications on the spectral and temporal properties of the OPO. We find that the OPO system generates a weakly spectrally chirped signal beam constituted of 3 ps pulses with 0.4 nm spectral width tunable from 790 to 930 nm optimal for CARS imaging. The frequency doubling unconverted part is composed of 7–8 ps pulses with 0.75 nm spectral width compatible with CARS imaging. We also study the influence of the fiber laser properties on the CARS signal generated by distilled water. In agreement with theory, we find that shorter temporal pulses allow higher peak powers and thus higher CARS signal, if the spectral widths are less than 10 cm^?1. We demonstrate that this source is suitable for performing CARS imaging of living cells during several hours without photodamages. We finally demonstrate CARS imaging on more complex aquatic organisms called copepods (micro‐crustaceans), on which we distinguish morphological details and lipid reserves. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:422–430, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Flexible and stable optical parametric oscillator based laser system for coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

The characteristics of a stable and flexible laser system based on a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is presented. This OPO can offer very stable operation with both ～1 ps and ～300 fs outputs over a broad wavelength range, i.e., 920–1200 nm. Combining the pump tuning with the OPO tuning, a total Raman range of 1900–5500 cm^?1 is accessible. For maximum spectral sensitivity, the CARS microsope based on the ps laser system is presented in detail. The lateral resolution of the microscope is diffraction limited to be about 390 nm. Fast wavelength switching (sub‐second) between two Raman vibrational frequencies, i.e., 2848 cm^?1 for C? H aliphatic vibrations and 3035 cm^?1 for C? H aromatic vibrations is presented as an example, although this also extends to other Raman frequencies. The possibility of obtaining a multimodal imaging system based on the fs laser system is also discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Two‐frequency CARS imaging by switching fiber laser excitation

To fully exploit the power of coherent Raman imaging, techniques are needed to image more than one vibrational frequency simultaneously. We describe a method for switching between two vibrational frequencies based on a single fiber‐laser source. Stokes pulses were generated by soliton self‐frequency shifting in a photonic crystal fiber. Pump and Stokes pulses were stretched to enhance vibrational resolution by spectral focusing. Stokes pulses were switched between two wavelengths on the millisecond time scale by a liquid‐crystal retarder. Proof‐of‐principle is demonstrated by coherent anti‐Stokes Raman imaging of polystyrene beads embedded in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. The Stokes shift was switched between 3,050 cm^?1, where polystyrene has a Raman transition, and 2,950 cm^?1, where both polystyrene and PMMA have Raman resonances. The method can be extended to multiple vibrational modes.     

Ultrasensitive ultraviolet-visible 20 fs absorption spectroscopy of low vapor pressure molecules in the gas phase

We describe an ultrasensitive pump-probe spectrometer for transient absorption measurements in the gas phase and in solution. The tunable UV pump and the visible (450-740 nm) probe pulses are generated by two independently tunable noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers, providing a temporal resolution of 20 fs. A homebuilt low gain photodetector is used to accommodate strong probe pulses with a shot noise significantly lower than the overall measurement noise. A matched digitizing scheme for single shot analysis of the light pulses at kilohertz repetition rates that minimizes the electronic noise contributions to the transient absorption signal is developed. The data processing scheme is optimized to yield best suppression of the laser excess noise and thereby transient absorbance changes down to 1.1 x 10(-6) can be resolved. A collinear focusing geometry optimized for a 50 mm interaction length combined with a heatable gas cell allows us to perform measurements on substances with low vapor pressures, e.g., on medium sized molecules which are crystalline at room temperature. As an application example highlighting the capability of this instrument, we present the direct time-domain observation of the ultrafast excited state intramolecular proton transfer of 2-(2(')-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole in the gas phase. We are able to compare the resulting dynamics in the gas phase and in solution with a temporal precision of better than 5 fs.     

980nm高稳定度激光泵浦源控制系统

设计、制作了一款980nm高稳定度激光泵浦源控制系统,以满足掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)稳定工作的需要。首先,以恒流激励原理设计了控制系统的驱动单元。接着,使用半导体制冷器(TEC)作为泵浦源的温度控制手段,设计了控制系统的温度控制单元。为了验证控制系统的有效性,选用一款激光泵浦模块组成了完整的激光泵浦源系统。最后,对激光泵浦源的激光输出进行了实验,研究了光功率与驱动电流的关系,以及系统的光功率稳定度与光谱稳定性等。对系统进行了相关测试实验,结果显示:应用了本控制系统的激光泵浦源的激光输出中心波长为975.2nm,光功率可达600mW,短期光功率稳定度为±0.008dB,长期光功率稳定度为±0.05dB,比同类激光泵浦源具有更高的稳定度。得到的结果表明:所设计的激光泵浦源控制系统满足设计要求,具有一定的实用价值。     

周期色散补偿光纤参量放大器平坦性的研究

针对单泵浦光纤参量放大器（FOPA）增益平坦性较差的情况,研究了双泵浦FOPA的准相位匹配问题。将高非线性光纤（HNLF）均匀地分成多段,在其中分别插入色散补偿光纤（DCF）,对下一段高非线性光纤中的色散进行补偿,从而实现了准相位匹配,在较宽频带内得到了较平坦的增益。研究结果表明：通过周期插入色散补偿光纤,增益起伏得到了明显的改善;光纤参量放大器的增益与泵浦光功率有关,当增加泵浦光功率时,增益变大,但平坦性较差。插入色散补偿光纤的段数增加时,能解决增益起伏的问题。     

Stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering in nanostructures

A new type of stimulated scattering of light (stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering (SLFRS)) is found. SLFRS appears as a result of interaction of laser pulses with acoustic vibrations of structural elements of nanostructured materials. SLFRS is shown to arise in materials with different compositions and different degrees of morphology, both ordered and random. Frequency shifts of SLFRS components are measured. A number of practical applications of the effect are proposed, in particular, biharmonic pumping with the help of SLFRS.     

光纤傅里叶变换光谱术在光纤光栅传感解调中的应用

介绍了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的基本原理和光纤傅里叶变换光谱仪(FFTS)的结构;基于光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,采用傅里叶变换光谱算法对光纤Bragg光栅传感器的波长进行了解调。宽带光源发出的光经过光纤耦合器进入光纤Bragg光栅,其反射光由耦合器返回进入到FFTS中进行测量,FFTS的最高光谱分辨率达到0.05 cm-1,即在近红外1 550 nm波长处分辨率为0.012 nm。分别对光纤Bragg光栅的应变特性和温度特性进行了测量。测量显示:光纤Bragg光栅的应变灵敏度为0.833 pm/με,温度灵敏度为19.78 pm/℃。得到的结果表明FFTS系统具有高分辨率、大测量范围的特点,可满足光纤Bragg光栅传感器波长解调的需求。