项目课程的开发原则与方法

项目课程是学习领域课程的典型实现形式.开发项目课程关键是选取"项目"作为学习情境的载体.本文从学习领域课程开发的工作任务分析、课程设置、课程实施三个方面,论述了项目课程的开发原则与方法.     

《环境监测》课程项目化教学改革与实践

环境监测课程是一门实践性很强的课程,为紧扣"应用型"人才培养的要求,本课程采用项目化教学模式。将课程内容融入到实际的工程项目中,学生通过团队合作,模拟实际的监测项目,以某机械制造企业验收监测为例,对项目的实施过程进行了详细的分析,有效的将理论与实践结合起来,提高了学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力。     

自动化生产线实训项目设计与考核方式的探讨

本文以自动化生产线综合实训项目设计与考核方式实施为研究课题,对实训课程的项目设计开发思路和考核方案进行了研究与实践。针对目前课程项目设计思路和考核中存在的一些问题,从实训项目设计开发、实训考核方案实施及成效等几个方面对实训项目设计和考核方式进行讨论,不断改进现行的实训课程项目设计和考核方式以制定适应高职教育的要求。     

室内环境检测及治理课程项目化教学设计探讨

现代职业教育理论提出"学生主体、能力本位、项目教学"的理念。项目教学法是以项目为核心,在教学中采用项目教学法进行教学用以提高学生的实践能力、创新能力和发现问题、解决问题的能力。本文以室内环境检测及治理课程为例,通过实施项目化教学方法,对该课程进行了项目化教学设计。设计内容包含:课程设计目标、设计思路、模块化项目设计内容及评价方法改革。     

基于工程实践能力培养的计算流体力学课程教学改革实践与探索

计算流体力学是目前高等院校普遍开设的研究生课程。该课程基础理论抽象,与实践脱节,学生学习起来感觉有一定难度,整体教学效果不好。本文结合教改项目的实施,在课程结构调整、教学方式及教学资源建设等方面进行了改革和实践,提出了"师、生双主体的两段制"课程结构和基于"项目式"的研讨式教学方法,加强实践环节,建立了基于网络的教学平台,着重培养学生的科研精神和创新思维能力,全面提高学生的学习兴趣与教学效果。     

项目驱动教学法在水处理药剂课程中的应用

项目驱动教学模式是一种注重学生自主学习能力培养的教学法。文章以水处理药剂课程为例,阐述了项目驱动式教学法的项目设计、实施过程和成果评价方面的内容以及在构建和实施项目驱动式教学中应注意的问题,探索如何在"水处理药剂"课程教学中采用项目驱动式教学法,从而达到提高学生学习的兴趣,培养学生自主学习能力和团队协作能力的目的。     

基于课程中心建设的若干思考

华东理工大学为解决多校区教学运行中教学资源分散、师生交流不畅等问题,实施了课程中心项目建设。"课程中心"项目用于解决优质课程资源共享的问题,达到以教师为主导,学生为中心的自主学习目标,同时实现教学一体化的网络环境,让教师能够方便地建设课程网站及网络上的答疑互动。文章将对现阶段课程中心建设过程出现的一些问题进行分析,并给出解决对策,希望能进一步完善课程中心建设。     

基于卓越培养计划的校企合作课程建设与实施

"卓越工程师教育培养计划"是我国高等工程教育的重大教学改革项目,培养高素质工程应用型人才是高等教育的重要任务。企业参与教学,是将生产过程中的实际问题引入教学的有效途径之一。本文以石油加工工艺学课程为例,阐述了校企合作课程建设和实施的内容、方法及存在的问题。     

基于职业标准的高职油气储运技术专业核心课程标准研究与实践

依据职业标准,从课程定位和设计思路、课程目标与内容、课程教学方法、课程考核、课程实施保障条件等方面对制定高职油气储运技术专业核心课程标准进行研究。研究表明,课程定位和设计要遵循以岗位职业能力培养为导向,项目任务为载体、突出能力目标;课程目标与内容要对接职业标准,融入岗位技能,针对岗位实际对课程内容进行有效整合,同时将思政元素融入教学内容;课程教学方法突出学生主体地位,采取教学做一体化、任务驱动教学、仿真模拟教学等;课程考核以过程考核为主,同时以课证融通、课赛结合等方式对课程成绩进行互认;实施保障条件需注重"互联网+教学"信息化手段应用。     

“应用化学基础”课程理实一体化教学改革与实践——以“从茶叶中提取咖啡因”为例

针对现有生源,围绕高素质技术技能型人才培养目标,探索"应用化学基础"课程理实一体化教学改革,重构课程体系,优选教学项目,深化落实学院"职业、技术、素质"三维一体教育理念。以"从茶叶中提取咖啡因"为例,阐释了"应用化学基础"课程改革后的教学实施过程。     

A High‐Temperature Neutron Diffraction and First‐Principles Study of Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti 3( Al 0.8 Sn 0.2) C 2

Herein, we report on the temperature‐dependent crystal structures of Ti ₃ AlC ₂ and Ti ₃ Al _0.8 Sn _0.2 C ₂ in the 373–1273 K temperature range, as determined by Rietveld analysis of high‐temperature neutron diffraction time‐of‐flight data. The compositions are 86(1) wt% Ti ₃ AlC ₂ and 14(1) wt% TiC _0.92(2) for the sample with no Sn , and 95(1) wt% Ti ₃( Al _0.8 Sn _0.2) C ₂ and 5(1) wt% Ti ₂ AlC for the solid solution with Sn . The average linear volumetric thermal expansion is 8.0(2) × 10^?6 K ^?1 for Ti ₃ AlC ₂ and 8.2(5) × 10^?6 K^?1 for Ti ₃( Al _0.8 Sn _0.2) C ₂. The average linear thermal expansion in the a and c directions, respectively, are 7.6(2) × 10^?6 K^?1 and 8.9(2) × 10^?6 K^?1 for Ti ₃ AlC ₂. For Ti ₃( Al _0.8 Sn _0.2) C ₂, the respective values are 8.0(5) × 10^?6 K^?1 and 8.6(6) × 10^?6 K^?1. In the case of the solid solution, the quadratic thermal expansion coefficients are also given. Detailed bond lengths analysis shows that the thermal expansions along the a and c directions are controlled by the thermal expansions of the Ti – C , and Ti – Al bond lengths, respectively. The atomic displacement parameters (ADPs) show that the Al and Sn atoms vibrate with a higher amplitude than the Ti and C atoms. Consistent with first‐principles calculations, the ADPs of the Al/Sn site(s) in Ti ₃( Al _0.8 Sn _0.2) C₂ are lower than the ADPs of Al in Ti ₃ AlC ₂.     

Determining the Strength of Coarse‐Grained AlON and Spinel

The strength of two coarse‐grained (grain size > 200 μm) cubic ceramics, a magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl₂O₄) and an AlON , along with a fine‐grained (1.5 μm) MgAl₂O₄, was determined by conducting a series of four‐point and equibiaxial flexure tests on specimens of different sizes. Weibull strength size scaling revealed a linear relationship on a log–log plot between average flexure strength and effective specimen area for the fine‐grained spinel, but a nonlinear relationship for both coarse‐grained materials. Initial fractography showed that each material had a single flaw population limiting the strength over the entire specimen size range, which does not account for the nonlinear size scaling relationship in the two coarse‐grained materials. However, further fractography revealed that in both materials there was an initial flaw and a critical flaw. The former appears to be machining/polishing damage that started the fracture process while the latter was a cleaved grain in AlON or a cracked grain boundary in the HP/HIP spinel that lead to fracture of the specimen. The difference between the initial and critical flaw size coupled with a detailed analysis of the strength as a function of test specimen thickness accounted for the nonlinear strength size scaling relationship. As a result, strength values obtained using thin test specimens can lead to an erroneous strength prediction for large components made of these ceramics. The implication of these findings is that strength tests must be conducted using appropriately thick specimens to obtain a representative strength value. If appropriately thick specimens cannot be tested, then fractography must be conducted to determine the flaw size. If the flaw size is sufficiently large, compared with the specimen thickness, then the strength must be adjusted according to a stress field correction factor to obtain a more accurate strength value.     

Screening of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida utilis</Emphasis> and medium optimization for co-production of <Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>-adenosylmethionine and glutathione

An effective S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione enriching yeast mutant of Candida utilis CCTCC M 209298 was first screened from plates containing 0.5 g/L of DL-ethionine by complex mutagenesis with UV and γ-ray in this study. Medium components optimization for enhanced co-production of S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione by C. utilis CCTCC M 209298 was further carried out using response surface methodology. The significant factors influencing S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione co-production were selected by Plackett-Burman design as sucrose, KH₂PO₄ and L-methionine, and Box-Behnken design was applied for further optimization studies. Based on these approaches, the optimized concentrations on medium components for higher co-production of S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione were sucrose 35.4 g/L, (NH₄)₂SO₄ 10 g/L, KH₂PO₄ 12.3 g/L, MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.05 g/L, CaCl₂ 0.05 g/L and L-methionine 4.6 g/L. The medium optimization by response surface methodology led to a total production of 589.3 mg/L on S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione, which was 2.4-fold increased compared with the medium without optimization.     

Phase cooperation of V<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> and Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> in the selective oxidation of H<Subscript>2</Subscript>S containing ammonia and water

The selective oxidation of hydrogen sulfide containing excess water and ammonia was studied over vanadium oxide-based catalysts. The investigation was focused on the role of V₂O₅, and phase cooperation between V₂O₅ and Bi₂O₃ in this reaction. The conversion of H₂S continued to decrease since V₂O₅ was gradually reduced by treatment with H₂S. The activity of V₂O₅ was recovered by contact with oxygen. A strong synergistic phenomenon in catalytic activity was observed for the mechanically mixed catalysts of V₂O₅ and Bi₂O₃. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and oxidation (TPO) and two bed reaction tests were performed to explain this synergistic effect by the reoxidation ability of Bi₂O₃. This paper is dedicated to Professor Wha Young Lee on the occasion of his retirement from Seoul National University.     

Mechanical and Thermophysical Properties of Zr–Al–Si–C Ceramics

The mechanical and thermophysical properties of quaternary-layered carbides, Zr₂[Al(Si)]₄C₅ and Zr₃[Al(Si)]₄C₆ have been investigated and compared with those of Zr₂Al₃C₄ and Zr₃Al₃C₅. These four carbides are generally alike in mechanical and thermophysical properties due to their similar crystal structures that consisting of alternatively stacked ZrC layers and Al₃C₂/[Al(Si)]₄C₃ slabs. The layer thickness of zirconium carbide and aluminum carbide has effects on their properties. Thicker layer of zirconium carbide and/or thinner layer of aluminum carbides are in favor of stiffness, hardness, thermal, and electrical conductivities, but go against density, specific stiffness, Debye temperature, and coefficient of thermal expansion.     

Co-Firing of Spatially Varying Dielectric Ca–Mg–Silicate and Bi–Ba–Nd–Titanate Composite

A spatially variant dielectric Ca–Mg–silicate (CMS)/Bi–Ba–Nd–titania (BBNT) composite, in which periodic BBNT inclusions were embedded in the CMS matrix, was fabricated using the thermoplastic extrusion. The co-firing behavior of the composite was evaluated in terms of its shrinkage compatibility, thermoplastic compatibility, and chemical compatibility. The noticeable shrinkage mismatch between CMS and BBNT materials was observed. Such shrinkage mismatch strongly affected the interfacial bonding types of the composites. The good interfacial bonding was observed for the composite having BBNT inclusions in the CMS matrix; however, the interfacial cracking and matrix cracking for the opposite design (i.e., CMS inclusions in the BBNT matrix). In addition, the (Ca, Zn)-rich glassy phase in the CMS region migrated into the BBNT region, forming an interfacial reaction layer. The dielectric properties of the CMS, BBNT, and CMS–BBNT mixture were measured to evaluate the spatially variant dielectric CMS/BBNT composite as a novel dielectric substrate.     

Processing and Applications of Bulk RE–Ba–Cu–O Superconductors

I will summarize the current status of processing and applications of bulk high-temperature RE–Ba–Cu–O (RE: rare-earth elements) superconductors. Recent advancement of processing techniques led to the production of single-grain RE–Ba–Cu–O superconductors >10 cm in diameter. The maximum-trapped field values of single-grain RE–Ba–Cu–O are 4 T at 77 K, 9 T at 46 K, and 17 T at 29 K. The mechanical properties as well as thermal stability were greatly improved through impregnation of metals and resin, which is highly important for practical engineering applications. Industrial applications of bulk RE–Ba–Cu–O can be categorized into three major regions: levitation, trapped field magnets, and conductors. Stable levitation without active control has been used for non-contact bearings of a flywheel energy storage system, levitated vehicles, and non-contact mixers. Trapped field magnets are used for a field generator, a magnetic separator for water purification, a magnetron-sputtering device, a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, and an undulator. Bulk RE–Ba–Cu–O is also used as conductors like current leads and resistive fault current limiters.     

The role of V<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> on the Structural and Optical Properties of MgO-ZnO-CdO-P<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> Glasses and the Impact of Gamma Irradiation

The quaternary glasses of mixed divalent oxides including ZnO, MgO, CdO within a phosphate network former were prepared. Vanadium pentoxide was introduced as a dopant in the range from 0.5 to 3%. Optical and infrared absorption studies for all glass samples were carried out. The optical spectra reveal the presence of both V³⁺ and V⁴⁺ ions in the studied host mixed divalent oxides phosphate glass. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectral analysis indicates the appearance of distinct vibrational bands due to the presence of characteristic phosphate groups depending on the glass composition and the ratio of V₂O₅ content. The optical band gap and Urbach energy were calculated and discussed in relation to the effect of V₂O₅ content. Finally, the glasses were optically and structurally examined affter gamma irradiation with a dose of 80 KGy.