基于电流变阻尼器的履带式车辆悬架振动控制

提出一种基于电流变阻尼器的半主动悬架系统,建立了某履带式车辆悬架的1/4车体动力学模型,在此基础上给出了悬架系统的运动方程和状态方程,分析了某种剪切模式电流变阻尼器的阻尼力并作为悬架系统半主动控制的制动器.将随机最优控制理论应用到车辆悬架的控制中,以车身加速度、悬架动行程和轮胎动位移的加权二次型最小为控制性能指标,设计了线性二次型高斯(LQG)控制器,通过被动悬架与LQG控制悬架的仿真比较,在轮胎动位移基本相同的情况下,LQG控制能有效的降低车身加速度,充分利用悬架的工作空间,提高车辆的舒适性和安全性.     

斜拉索的磁流变半主动自适应控制器设计

考虑描述磁流变(MR)阻尼器力学行为的LuGre动态摩擦模型,建立了新的斜拉索-MR阻尼器系统模型,该模型能够很好地描述斜拉索-阻尼器系统的动态特性,且能够实时辨识MR阻尼器内部参数.对于新的系统模型,基于Lyapunov直接法设计了抑制斜拉索振动的半主动自适应控制方法;原系统可变换为带有小参数的奇摄动系统,采用奇摄动理论对该系统进行分析,得到了另一类半主动自适应控制方法.仿真结果表明提出的两种控制方法均能够很好地抑制拉索振动.     

不确定LTI-SISO系统的降阶时滞观测器控制

提出了降阶时滞观测器, 利用时滞来观测系统的不确定性和受到的外部干扰, 实现了不确定系统的鲁棒控制. 降阶时滞观测器控制系统中参考模型的阶数由系统的相对阶数决定, 而与系统阶数无关, 简化了控制器的设计, 有利于根据性能指标的要求获得合适的参考模型. 对于相对阶低于系统阶的一般对象, 通过引入低通滤波器也能实现降阶时滞滤波器控制. 大量的仿真结果表明, 降阶时滞观测器能够很好地抑制系统的不确定性和受到的外部干扰, 是一种性能优良的鲁棒控制方法.     

基于最小信息损失准则的降阶LQG控制器设计

从信息论的角度出发,研究了LQG控制器降阶问题。在考察系统内部状态信息描述的基础上,提出了两种基于交叉格莱姆矩阵最小信息损失的LQG控制器降阶方法。将由这两种方法得出的降阶LQG控制器分别与全阶LQG控制器、基于最小K-L信息距离的降阶控制器进行仿真对比研究,比较各闭环系统的控制性能。仿真结果表明,提出的降阶控制器能较好地逼近全阶控制器实现闭环系统性能。     

基于磁流变阻尼器的汽车半主动悬架的振动控制

在对磁流变阻尼器的输出特性进行实验测试和理论分析的基础上,建立了以磁流变阻尼器作为执行器件的1/4车半主动悬架模型,设计了一种双输入单输出的模糊逻辑控制器,并进行了仿真研究,在时间和频率域中对磁流变阻尼器振动响应进行评价,结果表明:与被动悬架相比,该系统有效地抑制了车身在人体敏感频率段的振动,提高了乘坐舒适性.     

线性不确定系统的给定阶最优控制器设计

为避免间接法设计降阶控制器的模型近似引起的性能下降,本文在静态输出反馈控制器设计的基础上,直接设计了线性不确定系统的给定阶混合H2/H∞动态反馈控制器.利用系统内外分解方法,得到了最优降阶状态观测器.通过求解降维状态观测器的静态输出反馈,可得到降阶控制的最优反馈增益阵.给定阶控制器由两个Ric cati方程和一个Lyapunov方程参数化表示.最后,通过一个例子,说明了本文提出的给定阶控制器设计方法.     

基于神经网络干扰观测器的一类不确定非线性MIMO系统H_∞跟踪控制

针对一类具有未知外部干扰及内部不确定性的非线性MIMO系统,提出了基于神经网络干扰观测器的鲁棒跟踪控制方法,用于降低控制器对干扰的要求.设计了基于神经网络的干扰观测器,以逼近由外部干扰、内部不确定性和子系统的交叉耦合组成的复合干扰.根据Lyapunov稳定性理论的参数更新律及所设计的控制器,保证了系统中所有信号的最终一致有界性,并获得了给定的跟踪性能指标.仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

集成神经网络与自适应算法的分数阶滑模控制

针对被控对象的参数时变和外部扰动问题,本文融合神经网络的万能逼近能力和自适应控制技术,并结合分数阶微积分理论,提出了基于神经网络和自适应控制算法的分数阶滑模控制策略.本文采用等效控制的方法设计滑模控制律,并利用神经网络的万能逼近能力估测控制律的变化,结合自适应控制算法和分数阶微积分理论抑制传统滑模控制系统的抖震,同时根据Lyapunov稳定性理论分析了系统的稳定性,最后给出了实验结果.实验结果表明,本文提出的基于神经网络和自适应控制算法的分数阶滑模控制系统,能保持滑模控制器对系统外部扰动和参数变化鲁棒性的同时,也能有效地抑制抖震,使得系统获得较高的控制性能.     

不确定广义系统的降阶H-infinity控制器设计

研究基于函数观测器的不确定广义系统的降阶H-infinity控制器设计问题. 首先提出了基于严格线性矩阵不等式的不确定广义系统H-infinity控制的充分条件, 并用于状态反馈H-infinity控制设计. 然后对所得控制增益进行降阶观测, 基于广义Sylvester矩阵方程的显式通解, 考虑系统的H-infinity性能约束, 提出了降阶输出反馈控制器的参数化设计方法.     

不确定广义系统的降阶H∞控制器设计

研究基于函数观测器的不确定广义系统的降阶H∞控制器设计问题.首先提出了基于严格线性矩阵不等式的不确定广义系统H∞控制的充分条件,并用于状态反馈H∞控制设计.然后对所得控制增益进行降阶观测,基于广义Sylvester矩阵方程的显式通解,考虑系统的H∞性能约束,提出了降阶输出反馈控制器的参数化设计方法.     

Recent Advances on Vibration Control of Structures Under Dynamic Loading

In this paper, a review of recent journal articles on passive, active, semi-active, and hybrid vibration control of structures subjected to dynamic loading is presented. Passive systems reviewed include tuned mass damper (TMD), tuned liquid column damper (TLCD), tuned liquid column ball damper (TLCBD), circular TLCD (CTLCD), and pendulum TLCD (PTLCD). Active control systems include active tuned mass dampers (ATMD) and piezoelectric actuators. Semi-active systems include magnetorheological (MR) damper, negative stiffness devices (NSD), magneto-rheological damper TMD (MR-TMD), variable stiffness semi-active TMD (VS-STMD), variable damper STMD (VD-STMD), and recentering variable friction device (RVFD). Hybrid systems include active base isolation system and semi-active MR dampers with nonlinear base isolators. The current frontier of research is semi-active control of structures as well hybridization of various control systems. The problem is complex requiring integration of several different hardware and software technologies with structural design such as smart materials, adaptive dampers, actuators, sensors, and control and signal processing algorithms. This complexity also makes it an exciting area of research and development.     

Structural protection using MR dampers with clipped robust reliability-based control

Magnetorheological (MR) damper is one of the most promising semi-active control devices for mitigating seismic response, and so, it has received significant attention in recent years. Because of the inherent nonlinear nature of MR damper devices, one challenge to effectively utilize this technology is the development of an appropriate control algorithm. A semi-active control methodology is presented to control structural systems using MR dampers that addresses structural modeling uncertainties. Based on the same idea as the clipped-optimal linear controller, the proposed semi-active control law uses a robust reliability-based active linear control methodology to calculate the reference control forces that the MR dampers attempt to produce approximately. These reference control forces can be calculated using incomplete response measurements at the current and/or previous time steps without any state estimation. The main purpose of the proposed approach is to achieve a more robust performance for uncertain structural systems subjected to uncertain strong-motion excitation. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a simulated example of a ten-story building with MR dampers installed. Y. Shi formerly from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.     

基于磁粉离合的变惯质阻尼器理论及试验研究

针对超长斜拉索振动主模态区间多变的特点,磁粉离合惯质阻尼器作为半主动变惯质阻尼器对比被动惯质阻尼器更具优势.根据已有研究发现,仅向磁粉离合惯质阻尼器输入直流电并不能实现阻尼器惯质系数恒值可调的功能,本文通过输入简谐电流的方法实现该功能.首先,介绍了磁粉离合惯质阻尼器基本原理及其力学特性,从磁粉离合器双轴相对运动状态来分析磁粉离合器在不同电流工况下的力学性质,进而研究实现阻尼器变惯质功能的输入电流控制算法.然后,综合阻尼器基本构造建立了其力学模型,从而得出阻尼器在稳态激励条件下的等效惯质系数表达式,阐明了阻尼器在输入控制电流下的等效惯质系数与控制电流幅值呈二次线性关系.最后,通过实验对阻尼器惯质系数的可调性进行了验证.     

Cable inspection robot for cable‐stayed bridges: Design,analysis, and application

As the most important component of cable‐stayed bridges, cable safety has been of crucial public concern. In this paper, a new robot system for the inspection of stay cables is proposed. The robot not only replaces human workers in carrying out risky tasks in a hazardous environment but also increases operational efficiency by eliminating costly erection of scaffolding or dragging of winches. The designed robot is composed of two equally spaced modules, joined by connecting bars to form a closed hexagonal body that clasps the cable. For safe landing in case of an electrical interruption or malfunction, a gas damper with a slider‐crank mechanism is proposed to use up the extra energy generated by gravity when the robot slips down. To conserve energy, a landing method based on back electromotive force is introduced. Laboratory and field experiments verified that the robot can stably climb random inclined cables and land smoothly upon electrical malfunction. Finally, along with an application example, the vision inspection system based on charge‐coupled device cameras, operating modes of the robot, control methods, and feasibility are discussed in detail. The field applications on two cable‐stayed bridges indicate that such a low‐cost robot system can improve the efficiency of inspection operations and satisfy the requirements of actual cable inspection. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

摩托车磁流变阻尼器的设计研究

磁流变液（Magnetorheological fuild）是一种新型的智能材料，属于可控流体，具有在外加磁场作用下快速可逆地改变流变性能的特点。本文选择剪切阀式作为本文阻尼器的工作模式，对磁流变阻尼器的磁路进行了设计；优化设计了磁流变阻尼器的结构参数，在此基础上，根据理论分析选择阻尼器的结构尺寸，设计制作了单出杆磁流变阻尼器。对本文设计的磁流变阻尼器的特性进行了实验研究，本文的研究结果对于磁流变阻尼器在摩托车悬挂系统中的应用具有较好的参考价值。     

Identification of semi-physical and black-box non-linear models: the case of MR-dampers for vehicles control

The topic of this paper is the identification of an accurate model for magneto-rheological (MR) dampers. A semi-active MR-damper is a dynamic system, where the inputs are the elongation velocity and the command current; the current is the control input which modulates at high-bandwidth the damping characteristic through the variation of a magnetic field. The output is the force delivered by the damper. Among the broad set of applications where MR-dampers can be used, the results proposed in this work refer to MR-dampers for the control of vehicle dynamics.MR-damper are highly non-linear systems, and their accurate modeling is a non-trivial task. MR-dampers can be modeled using two different model classes: semi-physical models and black-box models. Both approaches are considered in this work.The purpose of this brief paper is to make a concise but complete presentation and discussion of a non-trivial system identification problem. The problem considered herein is particularly interesting from the system identification point of view: from one side, the MR-damper is a very attractive actuator, which is likely to become the key device for many dynamics and vibration control systems in the near future; on the other side, it is an example of an application problem where the accurate modeling of the actuation device is one of the most crucial part of the whole control design problem.     

Modelling of a magneto-rheological damper by evolving radial basis function networks

This paper presents an approach to approximate the forward and inverse dynamic behaviours of a magneto-rheological (MR) damper using evolving radial basis function (RBF) networks. Due to the highly nonlinear characteristics of MR dampers, modelling of MR dampers becomes a very important problem to their applications. In this paper, an alternative representation of the MR damper in terms of evolving RBF networks, which have a structure of four input neurons and one output neuron to emulate the forward and inverse dynamic behaviours of an MR damper, respectively, is developed by combining the genetic algorithms (GAs) to search for the network centres with other standard learning algorithms. Training and validating of the evolving RBF network models are achieved by using the data generated from the numerical simulation of the nonlinear differential equations proposed for the MR damper. It is shown by the validation tests that the evolving RBF networks can represent both forward and inverse dynamic behaviours of the MR damper satisfactorily.     

车辆座椅减振系统中可控磁流液阻尼器的性能测试研究

半主动可控磁流液阻尼器是国际上新近研发的新一代智能振动抑制驱动器件，本文主要介绍对其进行性能测试研究的MTS实验系统及有关研究成果。该实验系统由液压反馈激振器、数据采集和处理计算机单元、传感器等软硬件组成，能实时在线显示阻尼器运动的相对位移、速度和所产生的阻尼力等时间响应信号，以及表征阻尼器基本特性的阻尼力对相对速度关系曲线。实验结果表明该智能驱动器件表现出典型的滞回非线性特性，并通过对大范围控制电流和大范围频率和幅度单谐波信号激励下的实验数据的分析，系统地描述了该新一代半主动可控智能驱动器件的主要性能特点。     

磁流变减振器的主共振研究

采用一种改进的Bingham模型描述磁流变阻尼力,研究了在弹簧变形量较大时,单自由度磁流变系统的主共振.利用平均法得到了系统的一阶近似解,并进行了数值验证.通过研究各种参数对主共振幅频曲线的影响,可以有效地控制系统的主共振.此外,还对该磁流变减振器和普通减振器在主共振时系统的振幅大小等动态参数进行了比较,结果表明磁流变减振器的减振效果较好.