多不饱和脂肪酸对大脑功能影响研究进展

多不饱和脂肪酸（polysaturated fatty acid,PUFA）是一类重要的脂肪酸族营养素,广泛参与细胞代谢和细胞膜脂的构成。在脑组织中,PUFA含量丰富,对促进大脑发育、增强学习记忆能力有重要作用,因而广受关注。本文综述PUFA的膳食来源及其与脑组织中磷脂构成的关系,以及PUFA参与大脑发育、影响大脑功能的作用机制,为确定膳食中ω-6/ω-3 PUFA的合理配比,科学添加源于深海鱼油和水藻的二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoicacid,EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid,DHA）或相关替代品,改善我国居民膳食中ω-3 PUFA的摄入不足,维持大脑健康功能提供理论依据。     

抗衰老口服液的研制

抗衰老口服液是以绞股蓝、鲜猪脑提取液、猪脾多肽、枸杞、龙眼肉、红枣等名贵中药材为原料。用现代科技方法精制而成的一种保健口服液。抗衰老口服液为透明淡黄色液体,口味纯正,略甜微酸,有宜人的清香气味。     

白术多糖对大鼠创伤性脑损伤后脑水肿的影响

目的:探讨颅脑外伤后应用白术多糖治疗对脑组织水肿的影响。方法:采用自由落体撞击模型,84只雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组、颅脑外伤组、蒸馏水组及白术多糖组,每组再根据伤后不同生存时间随机分为3个亚组。取各组动物伤灶脑组织,分别检测其水、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果:颅脑外伤组、蒸馏水组及白术多糖组各时间点水分、MDA含量均较对照组明显增加(p<0.01),但白术多糖组各时间点水分、MDA含量显著低于颅脑外伤组及蒸馏水组相应时间点(p<0.01)。颅脑外伤组、蒸馏水组及白术多糖组各时间点SOD活性均较对照组明显降低(p<0.01),但白术多糖组各时间点SOD活性显著高于颅脑外伤组及蒸馏水组相应时间点(p<0.01)。结论:白术多糖能通过改善SOD活力,减少MDA含量,进而减轻创伤性脑损伤后脑水肿的程度。     

玉米肽对大鼠酒精性脑损伤的保护作用

为研发具有预防酒精性脑损伤功效的天然活性肽类产品,将SD大鼠随机分为7组,分别为对照组、模型组、玉米肽实验组(剂量分别为125、250、500、1 000、2 000 mg/kg),采用50度北大仓部优白酒灌胃建立大鼠慢性酒精中毒脑损伤模型,造模结束后取脑组织进行病理组织学观察,同时采用酶联免疫试剂盒检测各组大鼠脑组织中氧化应激、炎性因子、部分神经递质及其他相关指标。结果表明：酒精可使脑组织神经细胞发生病理性改变,玉米肽干预可有效缓解酒精对脑组织的损伤作用;玉米肽能够减少酒后大鼠脑组织中ROS含量,提高GSH的含量,恢复GST和GSH-Px活性;玉米肽可降低脑组织中NF-κB含量,减少IL-1、TGF-β1、TNF-α和IFN-γ的分泌;玉米肽对酒精诱导的脑组织中Caspase-3的激活有积极影响,对慢性酒精中毒大鼠脑组织中部分神经递质有一定的调节作用。综上,玉米肽对大鼠慢性酒精性脑损伤具有保护作用。     

Control of the bacteriological condition of calf brain. I. Impact of improving hygiene

Sixty calves of the Dutch Friesian (FH) breed were stunned mechanically. Without previously having been stunned, another 30 calves were stuck according to the Jewish rite. Upon opening of the skulls (1–2 h post mortem) brains of mechanically stunned calves were collected either conventionally (n = 30) or ‘hygienically’ (n = 30), i.e. using a fresh pair of surgical gloves during each removal to avoid cross contamination. For ritually slaughtered animals only the hygienic procedure was followed. Samples of 10 g were excised from undamaged hemispheres and in the mechanically stunned treatment group also from the site of impact of the captive bolt. After storage in polystyrene trays at 3 ± 1°C for 7 days sampling was repeated. Bacteriological examination included the assessment of aerobic colony counts at 30°C for 3 days (ACC-30) and 4°C for 14 days (ACC-4) and Enterobacteriaceae colony counts at 37°C for 20 h (ECC). In conventionally collected samples the ACC-30 and ACC-4 were 3.8 and 3.0 log₁₀ cfu g^?1 at day 1 and 6.2 and 6.4 log₁₀ cfu g^?1 at day 8. With hygienic collection these counts were reduced by approximately 1 log unit. Whilst by conventional practice the ECCs, at day 1 and 8 were 2.6 and 4.8 log₁₀ cfu g^?1 these counts were 1.8 and 2.6 log₁₀ cfu g^?1 for hygienic practice. In samples excised from the site of impact of the captive bolt the hygienic procedure had similar, though less marked effects. On day 1 brains from ritually slaughtered animals had a bacteriological contamination similar to that found in the hemispheres of mechanically stunned calves. However, whilst at day 8 their mean ECCs were 3.4 and 3.5 log₁₀ cfu g^?1 the percentages of plates ‘positive’ for Enterobacteriaceae were only 10% in the ritually vs. 53% in the mechanically stunned group. The Enterobacteriaceae in this case were composed of psychrotrophic non-pathogenic genera of environmental origin. Salmonella was not isolated from any sample.     

神经酸的来源与功能研究进展

神经酸是一种长链单不饱和脂肪酸,最初在哺乳动物大脑白质中被发现,对于大脑神经细胞具有修复和促进神经纤维再生双效功能,对于神经退行性疾病和神经系统紊乱等具有重要的预防和治疗作用。近年来,国内外对神经酸的研究与应用备受关注。综述了神经酸的动植物体、生物及化学合成来源,以及对脑组织、中枢神经系统疾病、心脑血管疾病、增强免疫和预防艾滋病的作用,以期为神经酸产品的开发提供参考。     

燕麦麸在西式香肠中的应用

将燕麦麸添加于西式香肠中,研究燕麦麸在香肠中的应用特性及不同添加比例对香肠的影响.     

牛磺酸对大鼠脑挫伤模型保护作用的探讨

目的:探讨牛磺酸对脑挫伤大鼠的脑保护机制。方法:将Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、脑挫伤模型组、牛磺酸高剂量治疗组以及牛磺酸低剂量治疗组,评价指标包括细胞内Ca2+浓度、脑匀浆中SOD以及GSH-Px活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量、脑脊液中兴奋性氨基酸及乳酸含量。结果:与模型组相比,高低两种剂量的牛磺酸治疗组均能显著降低脑脊液中兴奋性氨基酸及乳酸含量、脑皮层胞内Ca2+、MDA的含量(P<0.05),并且显著增高皮层SOD以及GSH-Px的活性(P<0.05),在高低两种剂量的牛磺酸治疗组之间未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:牛磺酸可能通过多种途径来对大鼠脑挫伤起到一定的保护作用。     

中国人神经珠蛋白(NGB)基因克隆

应用RT-PCR方法从中国人胎脑组织中扩增出神经珠蛋白（NGB）特异性编码基因片段，构建了pMD18-T-hNGB克隆质粒，并与Burmester NGB序列进行了比较，结果表明，获得的中国人NGB编码基因序列与Burmester序列的同源性为98％。     

论企业如何留住人才

本文对企业怎样留住人才作了探讨，论述了企业应从物质奖励，情感投资，民主管理和知人善任等几个方面来充分调动人才的主动性和创造性，从而有效地吸收人才，留住人才。     

Control of the bacteriological condition of calf brain. II. The effects of lactic acid decontamination and frozen storage

In two experiments the effects of lactic acid decontamination (LAD) and frozen storage on the bacteriological condition of calf brain were investigated. The first experiment incuded 80 calves, whose brains were extracted manually after splitting of the occipital bone with an axe. Upon removal, 40 brains were sprayed with 1.25% (v/v) L-lactic acid, whereas 40 brains remained untreated. At day 1 cone-shaped samples of 10 g were excised from 20 brains of each group at undamaged sites of the hemispheres and at the sites of impact of the captive bolt. After 7 days of storage at 3 ± 1°C in polystyrene trays the 20 remaining brains were sampled. The bacteriological examination included aerobic colony count at 30°C (ACC-30) and 4°C (ACC-4), mesophilic Enterobacteriaceae colony count (EC-37) and Lancefield group D streptococci colony count. For both locations and with regard to all parameters examined LAD resulted in significantly lower bacterial counts at day 1 as compared with controls. However, the differences were slight particularly at the damaged locations where a reduction in ACC-30 and ACC-4 of only 0.3 log g^?1 was effected. At day 8, bacterial counts were no longer significantly different, with the exception of ACC-4 at the site of impact of the captive bolt, which was 7.0 log g^?1 and 7.5 log g^?1 for treated and control brain respectively. Moreover, treated brain exhibited an unacceptable discolouration. From these findings it was concluded that lactic acid decontamination does not give an appreciable extension of the storage life of calf brain. The second experiment involved aseptically removed brains of 20 mechanically stunned calves. Ten brains were sampled at day 1, whereas brains of 10 other calves were stored at ?40°C for 7 days. Subsequent they were allowed to thaw for 1 day at 3 ± 1°C. At day 9 these brains had bacterial counts similar to those obtained at day 1. Thawing loss was somewhat higher (5.1%) than the weight loss of cooler-stored controls stored at 3 ± 1°C (1.2%). It is concluded that in view of the susceptibility of calf brain to bacterial spoilage, freezing should be taken into consideration as an effective means to prevent growth of bacteria that will lead to deterioration.     

Measurement of Human Brain Activity Evoked by Stimulation of Beer Bitterness Using Magnetoencephalography

ABSTRACT: We tried to detect the human brain activity evoked by beer taste using magnetoencephalography Subjects did not perceive bitterness and tactile stimulus differences between water and commercial beer, through a small hole of the taste stimulator, but they perceived bitterness for the beer enriched with isohumulones. The increase in the magnetic fields after the stimulation onset was observed for the stimulus of the beer with addition of isohumulones but was not observed for the stimulus of water or commercial beer, supporting the subject's comments. In 76.2% of the all measurements for the beer enriched with isohumulones, the equivalent current dipoles, placed on a subject's 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging, were located at the transition between the parietal operculum and the insular cortex with latency at 326.7 ± 115.5 ms. These results indicated that the brain activity stimulated by beer bitterness could be detected.     

长链多不饱和脂肪酸对婴儿生长发育的作用

介绍了对婴儿具有重要营养价值的必需脂肪酸和长链不饱和脂肪酸及其对婴儿良好生长、脑和视网膜发育的重要作用。针对为婴儿提供足量必需脂肪酸和DHA、从等的方式和必要性进行了探讨。     

硒精氨酸对D-半乳糖诱导脑损伤小鼠的防护作用

目的:研究硒精氨酸(selenoarginine,SeArg)对D-半乳糖(D-gal)所致脑损伤的防护作用.方法:将40只昆明种小鼠随机分成4组:正常组、模型组、低硒剂量组、高硒剂量组.通过后颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖建立脑损伤模型,以灌胃方式加入SeArg,连续处理6周,采用原子荧光法检测各组小鼠脑Se和血清Se含量,生化分析法检测脑组织匀浆GSH-Px、GSH、SOD、MDA、NO、NOS和血清NO与NOS水平,流式细胞仪检测脑细胞凋亡率,同时对脑组织切片做HE染色及Nissl染色,光镜下观察脑组织病理学变化.结果:与模型组相比,SeArg组小鼠Se、GSH含量和GSH-Px、SOD活性明显上调,MDA、NO含量以及NOS活性显著降低,脑细胞凋亡率明显下调.脑组织染色结果与生化检测结果一致.其中,低剂量的SeArg作用效果更佳.结论:SeArg对D-半乳糖所致的小鼠脑损伤有明显的防护作用,这种保护效应与SeArg能够清除自由基,提高抗氧化酶活性,增强抗氧化防御机制有关.     

鱼脑磷脂对小鼠脂质代谢的影响

研究鱼脑磷脂对ICR小鼠血脂水平的影响。ICR小鼠随机分成正常对照组、高脂模型组、阳性对照组、鱼脑磷脂低剂量组、鱼脑磷脂高剂量组5组,分别进行灌胃给药。正常对照组喂饲基础饲料,其余各组喂饲高脂饲料,28 d后,测定小鼠的血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)含量。结果显示,鱼脑磷脂可以显著降低高脂血症小鼠的血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平。说明鱼脑磷脂具有降血脂作用。     

猪脑乙酰胆碱酯酶的分离纯化和性质研究

通过离心、硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose和Superdex-200层析等步骤,从猪脑中获得电泳纯乙酰胆碱酯酶,该酶比活力和纯化倍数分别为2.05 U/mg和26.97,酶活回收率为11.95%;该酶分子质量为257.30 kD,亚基为66.94 kD;以碘化硫代乙酰胆碱为底物时,酶的最适反应温度为37 ℃,最适pH值为7.4,且在40 ℃以下,pH 6.0～8.0有较好的稳定性;最适底物浓度为4.0 mmol/L,Km为0.94 mmol/L。Ba2+和Zn2+对该酶有强烈的抑制作用,而低浓度Mg2+对该酶有激活作用。     

核桃仁与金耳速溶粉对大鼠缺血性脑功能障碍的作用

将24只大鼠随机分为伪手术组、生理盐水组、保健剂量组、治疗剂量组四组进行脑缺血实验，第一组自由取食，后三组分别灌喂0．3g生理盐水／300g体重、0．3g核桃仁与金耳速溶粉溶液／300g体重、0．5g核桃仁与金耳速溶粉溶液，300g体重，每天两次，观察其行为变化。10d后断头取脑，进行大脑超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、ATP酶、脂质过氧化物（LPO）指标的检测。结果：治疗剂量组大鼠3d后有明显恢复，治疗剂量组比生理盐水组的SOD、ATP酶活性明显提高，治疗剂量组比生理盐水组的LPO含量明显降低（p〈0．05）。核桃仁与金耳速溶粉对脑缺血造成的脑组织严重受损现象，具有预防和治疗的功效。