Prediction of antifreeze critical strength of infant age concrete

The rule of infant age concrete strength development under low temperature and complex affecting factors is researched. An efficient and reliable mathematical forecast model is set up to predict the infant age concrete antifreeze critical strength under low temperature at construction site. On the basis of the revision of concrete equivalent coefficient under complex influencing factors, least-squares curve-fitting method is applied to approximate the concrete strength under standard curing and the forecast formula of concrete compressive strength could be obtained under natural temperature condition by various effects. When the amounts of double-doped are 10% fly ashes and 4% silica fumes as coment replacement, the antifreeze critical strength changes form 3.5-4.1MPa under different low temperature curing. The equivalent coefficient correction formula of concrete under low temperature affected by various factors could be obtained. The obtained equivalent coefficient is suitable for calculating the strength which is between 10% to 40% of standard strength and the curing temperature from 5-20 ℃. The forecast value of concrete antifreeze critical strength under low temperature could be achieved by combining the concrete antifreeze critical strength value with the compressive strength forecast of infant age concrete under low temperature. Then the theory for construction quality control under low temperature is provided.     

低温条件下矿物掺合料对混凝土孔隙率的影响

目的研究了在不掺防冻剂的情况下,掺合料种类及掺量对低温混凝土强度及孔隙率的影响.方法采用恒低温一次冻结法和自然变低温多次冻结法,测定混凝土在不同龄期的强度值,利用可蒸发水含量法测定对应龄期的孔隙率.结果当掺合料掺量相同时,自然变低温(-15~5℃)养护条件下混凝土抗压强度高于恒低温(-10℃)养护条件下混凝土抗压强度,孔隙率要低于恒低温(-10℃)养护条件下混凝土的孔隙率;当单掺粉煤灰时掺量低于15%、单掺硅灰时掺量低于8%,低温混凝土的密实性较好.结论对于混凝土冬季施工更合适采用自然变低温养护的方法,掺入适量的掺合料能使混凝土孔隙率显著降低,使混凝土更加密实,提高混凝土的抗冻性.     

高强混凝土负温下强度发展的研究

混凝土受冻临界强度和负温强度发展是冬季施工主要参数，因此研究了掺与未掺防冻剂的C60混凝土在标准养护及-15℃条件下强度发展规律，测试了在标准养护下混凝土的28d抗压强度（f28），并研究了具有一定初始强度的C60高强混凝土置于-15℃条件7d再转入标准养护28d的抗压强度（f-7 28),通过对C60高强混凝土f-7 28与f28的比值，确定了掺防冻剂C60高强混凝土的抗冻临界强度，研究结果表明：掺防冻剂的C60高强混凝土在标准养护及-15℃条件下的抗压强度增长率均比未掺防冻剂C60高强混凝土的大，掺防冻剂的C60高强混凝土达到16.4MPa的抗冻临界强度后，负温冻结对其抗压强度的损伤很小，该混凝土可以进行冬季施工。     

The antifreeze critical strength of low-temperature concrete effected by index

The antifreeze critical strength and the pre-curing time of low-temperature concrete were studied by means of guaranteed rate of compressive strength and antifreeze performance for the structural safety requirement of concrete engineering,suffering once freeze damage under air environment.It is shown that the antifreeze critical strength is 3.7-4.4MPa,pre-curing time is 18-32 h by guaranteed rate of compressive strength,and the antifreeze critical strength is 3.7-4.4MPa,pre-curing time is 18-32 h by guarant...     

商品混凝土早龄期抗压强度的试验研究

通过对183块商品混凝土立方体试块在5个早龄期（3d、7d、14d、28d、60d）的抗压试验，拟合出了标准养护条件下不同龄期商品混凝土立方体强度计算公式，该公式的计算结果与实测结果吻合较好．可以应用到早龄期商品混凝土强度的推算。     

商品混凝土无筋构件收缩变形的试验研究

量测了28个商品混凝土无筋构件在360d内的收缩变形,主要考虑了4个参数(混凝土的龄期、混凝土抗压强度、环境条件和构件尺寸)对构件收缩变形的影响。回归67组试验数据,首先得出了标准条件下无筋构件收缩变形随龄期和强度变化的估算公式;其次,变化构件所处的环境条件和构件尺寸,采用多系数乘积的叠加原理,回归得出了非标准条件下无筋构件的收缩变形估算公式,公式的计算结果与130组试验数据符合良好,精确度较高,可以满足工程上的应用需要。     

负温混凝土内部结构发展的无损监测

为实现寒冷地区冬季施工中混凝土内部结构发展的无损监测,研究两种坍落度、两种防冻剂的混凝土在标准养护条件、恒负温养护条件及自然变负温养护下动弹性模量随龄期的变化规律.结果表明:标准养护条件下,高掺量防冻盐类的掺入给混凝土内部结构带来一定的损伤.在负温阶段,异常高的混凝土动弹性模量值是由混凝土内部含冰量所决定的.通过转入正温一定时间内动弹性模量的衰减值可以判断混凝土在负温阶段受冻损伤程度.转入正温条件下混凝土的动弹性模量的发展规律与混凝土强度发展规律是一致的.因此,这一无损检测方法可以应用于冬季施工中.     

施工现场混凝土强度检测方法的试验研究

为研究施工现场中小直径芯样检测混凝土抗压强度方法的修正系数,采用新浇素混凝土板和旧钢筋混凝土梁进行检测实验。分别钻取Ф100 mm、Ф75 mm、Ф50 mm的芯样,通过超声回弹法、钻芯法实验,测出不同直径芯样混凝土抗压强度与标准立方体抗压强度之间关系,从而推导出小直径芯样检测混凝土抗压强度修正算式。该研究结果可为施工现场检测混凝土抗压强度提供参考。     

养护条件对再生混凝土抗压与收缩性能的影响研究

为研究不同养护条件下全再生粗骨料再生混凝土的抗压性能和收缩性能,试验采用了薄膜覆盖养护、干湿循环养护和浸水养护3种养护条件,在这3种养护条件下进行了1、3、7、14、28、45、60、90和120d的再生混凝土抗压强度与收缩性能研究。结果表明:在3种不同的养护条件下,随着养护龄期的增长,再生混凝土的抗压强度和收缩应变不断增加。7 d时再生混凝土抗压强度在3种养护条件下区别不明显,14 d时薄膜覆盖养护和浸水养护与干湿循环养护的抗压强度相比分别降低了8.7%和14.2%;3种养护条件下再生混凝土90 d时的收缩应变均趋于稳定,120 d时薄膜覆盖养护较干湿循环养护的收缩应变增加了11.18%,浸水养护呈现湿胀现象。     

混凝土几种抗压强度之间的关系

由于实际结构中的混凝土与标准养护试块之间有很大差异 ,所以传统检测方法中用标准养护试块抗压强度来确定结构中混凝土的强度等级是不恰当的 .为寻找最佳的能代表结构中混凝土强度的强度 ,本试验对郑州市两个厂家的混凝土分别进行标养强度、同条件养护强度及结构实体取芯强度的测定 ,分析三者之间的相互关系及造成其差异的因素 ,得出三种强度的相关关系式 ,从而找出了适合郑州市检测结构实体混凝土强度与混凝土强度等级判定标准之间的切合点     

Compressive Strength and Permeability of High-performance Concrete

The compressive strength, chloride penetration resistance and microstructure of two high-performance concretes were examined under three curing conditions. Curing conditions include standard curing (SC), matched curing (MC, which means sealed concrete specimens curing at temperature controlled box) and matched curing of naked concrete (NMC) according to development law of temperature measured in mass concrete on site. Results indicate that concrete under MC and NMC show higher resistance to chloride penetration than the one under SC. Concrete under MC has slightly lower chloride penetration than those under NMC, but the compressive strength of specimens under NMC was higher than the one under MC at 56 d. In addition, concrete under NMC and MC have higher early strength than under SC, especially at early age. However, the order of curing conditions affecting compressive strength of concrete at 248 day is: SC>NMC>MC.     

温度对C50纤维混凝土力学性能的影响

结合武汉市某工程大体积混凝土实测温度,试验研究了高温高碱环境对纤维自身力学性能的影响,及不同养护温度下混凝土的力学性能发展趋势.试验结果表明:聚丙烯纤维在10%浓度的NaOH溶液中浸泡24 h且经历室温—65℃—室温循环,纤维自身力学性能下降约10%;处理后的纤维掺入混凝土中对标准养护的试块强度无不良影响;不同养护温度下纤维混凝土力学性能发展趋势差异明显,65℃养护1 d龄期的轴心抗压强度、弹性模量、劈裂抗拉强度可达标准养护28 d龄期相应参数的97%,74%,74%,4 d龄期轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度有一定增长趋势.因此,大体积混凝土实体结构强度评定需考虑水化温度作用的影响.     

考虑温度历程的早龄期大坝混凝土自生体积变形分离方法现场试验

混凝土在水化过程中会产生自生体积变形和温度应变等现象,与混凝土的耐久性有着密切联系,为工程建设各方所关注。对此,在西南某混凝土特高拱坝混凝土浇筑现场,采用无应力计对冷却水管周围两处不同位置处早龄期混凝土的应变进行现场监测,运用成熟度理论考虑混凝土的温度历程对混凝土水化进程的影响,采取一种新方法将总应变计算式解耦,从而摆脱对早龄期混凝土的热膨胀系数为定值的依赖,得出混凝土热膨胀系数在等效龄期下的历程,最终从无应力计变形监测值中分离出温度应变和自生体积变形。试验结果表明:这种方法能考虑混凝土温度因素,精确便捷地对早龄期混凝土的热膨胀系数以及自生体积变形进行分离,给现场混凝土的养护以及防裂施工提供指导。     

高温后长龄期在役混凝土抗压强度研究及微观分析

为了研究高温后长龄期在役混凝土损伤及微观变化特征,通过对龄期在20年以上的钢筋混凝土结构取样,进行在役混凝土高温试验,提出高温后在役混凝土残余抗压强度变化规律,建立在役混凝土残余抗压强度与不同温度之间的拟合回归公式,利用热重（T G ）及扫描电镜观察,分析了高温后在役混凝土物相及微观形貌随受火温度的变化情况。研究结果表明：高温后在役混凝土残余抗压强度变化规律与实验室新浇筑混凝土类似,相比而言,当受火温度 T≤300℃时,在役混凝土相对残余抗压强度略低;当 T＞700℃时,在役混凝土相对残余抗压强度较高,所得结论可为实际工程中长龄期在役混凝土结构高温后的损伤评估提供参考依据。     

浅谈冬期负温混凝土的施工

根据《建筑工程冬期施工规程》(JGJ/T104-2011)的规定,当室外平均气温连续五天稳定低于5℃时,建筑工程施工即进入冬期施工.由于混凝土外加剂应用技术的日益完善、规范,加之既有防冻,又有早强、减水、引气等多种功能的复合防冻剂在工程上的成功使用,使混凝土结构工程在冬季负温下连续浇注成为现实.而掺防冻剂的负温混凝土因其施工技术简便、养护条件简单,已成为建筑业混凝土结构工程冬期施工的首选.但由于临近年终出现的"抢工期"和对负温混凝土施工特点和技术要求的不重视,因气温变化或拆模偏早造成结构混凝土受冻或楼层板混凝土裂缝的质量缺陷也常有发生,给结构安全使用或外观质量留下缺陷,应引起重视并采取措施加以克服.     

SFRC subjected to domestic sewage and sustained load

The article aimed to study the durability of steel fiber reinforced concrete under the coupled sewage-loading according to compressive strength,flexural strength,compressive strength corrosion coefficient,flexural strength corrosion coefficient,compressive strength balance coefficient,flexural strength balance coefficient.Through the homemade load frame applied to design specimens,the pre-loading level are equivalent the damage intensity of 0%,10%,30% and 50% four different ways.The experimental results show that the performance of concrete down gradually and sustaining load aggravated the degree of domestic sewage attacking concrete after six month;under different stress states,the more loading levels,the more serious domestic sewage attacked the steel fiber reinforced concrete.It is proved that the concrete damage can be inhibited by adding the steel fiber,when steel fiber volume fraction is 1.0%,the corrosion resistance of concrete is best.     

冲击荷载下的新浇混凝土损伤特性及强度试验研究

以新浇混凝土养护过程会受到各类工程振动的作用与影响为工程背景,结合静载试验与冲击动载试验,得出冲击荷载影响下新浇混凝土的强度随龄期的变化规律。通过基于Weibull分布的统计损伤模型得出混凝土关于龄期的动态损伤本构模型。采用SHPB压杆装置进行混凝土试件破坏试验,得出在混凝土不同龄期的冲击动载下,混凝土抗压强度与静载下抗压强度的比值均为2:1左右;随着龄期的增长,混凝土试件受冲击破坏的破碎程度越来越小。采用SHPB压杆装置对不同龄期的混凝土做加载损伤试验,得出了冲击荷载下混凝土最薄弱龄期区段及其强度降低率达到峰值的龄期。     

混凝土工程冬期施工管理的几个问题

混凝土冬期施工管理中主要存在除冻剂的使用及质量控制、混凝土强度等级、测温工作、受冻临界强度检验等方面问题。文章结合工程质量检验实际情况,进行了具体分析。     

Influence of elevated curing temperature on the properties of cement paste and concrete at the same hydration degree

Three different curing temperatures(20 ℃, 40 ℃, and 60 ℃) were set, so that the nonevaporable water(w_n) contents of plain cement pastes cured at these three temperatures were measured to determine the hydration degree of cement. Tests were carried out to compare the pore structure and strength of cement paste, as well as the strength and permeability of concrete under different temperature curing conditions when their cements were cured to the same hydration degree. The experimental results show that either at a relatively low hydration degree(w_n=15%) or high hydration degree(w_n=16.5%), elevated curing temperature has little influence on the hydration products of cement paste, while it has a negative influence on the pore structure and compressive strength of cement paste. However, this negative effect is weaker at high hydration degree. The large capillary pore(100 nm) volumes of cement pastes remain almost the same at high hydration degree, regardless of curing temperatures. As for the concrete, elevated curing temperature also has negative influence on its compressive strength development, at both low hydration degree and high hydration degree. And this negative effect is stronger than that on cement paste's compressive strength at the same hydration degree. On the whole, elevated curing temperature has little influence on the resistance of concrete to chloride ion penetration.     

超吸水聚合物自养护混凝土试验研究

针对混凝土拆模后人工养护费时费力的问题,将具有吸水和放水特性的超吸水聚合物应用于混凝土中,利用自养护作用改善混凝土性能.采用正交试验设计方法,优选在干燥养护和标准养护条件下28 d抗压强度较好的配合比,并与基准混凝土的抗压强度和早期收缩性能进行比较.试验结果表明,超吸水聚合物能提高干燥养护条件下混凝土的抗压强度,其自养护作用能有效降低混凝土的干燥收缩.