枫香树材清洁制浆技术

对速生阔叶木枫香树材的纤维形态、主要化学组成、清洁制浆及绿色漂白工艺进行了一系列探讨。结果显示,枫香木纤维平均长度较长,长宽比均比杨木大,且其综纤维素和戊聚糖含量高而Klason木素含量低,是一种很有发展潜力的制浆造纸原料。采用硫酸盐法制浆,蒸煮后所得细浆得率为49.9%,卡伯值为23.0,白度为23.8%ISO,黏度为734.7 mL/g。利用环境友好型漂白法——氧脱木素技术处理该枫香树材硫酸盐浆,并在此过程中创造性地使用助剂蒽醌。四因素三水平正交试验结果表明:用碱量、氧压、温度和时间对枫香树材硫酸盐浆添加蒽醌氧脱木素后浆料的性能均有很大的影响。其中,温度对得率、卡伯值、白度和黏度等的影响最大,时间对卡伯值、白度和黏度的影响最小。枫香树材硫酸盐浆添加蒽醌氧脱木素的较为适宜的工艺为:用碱量3%,氧压0.7 MPa,温度105℃,保温时间90 min,浆浓20%,MgSO4用量0.5%,蒽醌用量0.1%。在该条件下所得浆料得率90.7%,卡伯值7.0,黏度545.1 mL/g,白度51.0%ISO,脱木素选择性8.42×10-2。与相同条件下常规氧脱相比,卡伯值和白度相近,但得率、黏度和脱木素选择性都有所提高。蒽醌在枫香树材硫酸盐浆氧脱木素过程中可保护碳水化合物,提高脱木素选择性,是一种良好的氧脱木素助剂。     

枫香树材硫酸盐浆氧脱木素工艺技术

通过对枫香树材硫酸盐浆氧脱木素用碱量、氧压、温度和时间四因素三水平方差分析工艺技术研究,在用碱量2%～4%、氧压0.3～0.7 MPa、温度90～120℃和时间60～120 min内,得到枫香树材硫酸盐浆氧脱木素较为适宜的工艺条件:用碱量3%,氧压0.7 MPa,温度105℃,时间60 min。其氧脱木素结果为:得率89.8%,卡伯值7.6,黏度559.2 mL/g,白度48.2%ISO。     

麦草绿液和氧脱木素联合制浆工艺研究

采用绿液蒸煮和氧脱木素联合制浆工艺对麦草原料绿液法制浆进行了初步探索。研究结果表明,麦草原料采用绿液蒸煮,在用碱量16%～20%、硫化度30%左右、最高温度150～170℃和短保温的蒸煮条件下,可得到卡伯值40～50的浆料,该浆料继续进行氧脱木素,在氢氧化钠用量4%～5%、0.5 MPa的氧脱木素条件下,可将卡伯值降至10左右。蒸煮段浆料得率约45%～50%,氧脱木素段得率约90%。绿液与氧脱木素联合制浆工艺可将麦草原料中约30%的硅保留在浆料中,并且浆料的强度性能与常规碱法浆相近。     

稻草绿液蒸煮与氧脱木素联合制浆工艺研究

采用绿液蒸煮与氧脱木素联合制浆工艺对稻草原料绿液法制浆进行了初步探索。研究结果表明,稻草原料采用绿液蒸煮,在用碱量16%(Na2O计)、硫化度20%左右、最高温度150℃和不保温的蒸煮条件下,可得到卡伯值26的浆料。该浆料继续氧脱木素,在氢氧化钠用量2%～3%、氧压0.7 MPa、最高温度110℃条件下,可将卡伯值降至10左右。绿液蒸煮浆料得率可达60%以上,氧脱木素段得率约90%,联合制浆得率55%以上。绿液与氧脱木素联合制浆工艺可将麦草原料中约65%～75%的硅保留在浆料中,并且浆料的强度性能与常规碱法浆相近。     

麦草低温氧碱蒸煮浆料性质的研究

麦草碱法蒸煮后,浆料不经洗涤,直接通入氧气进行处理。对麦草氧碱蒸煮段用碱量、氧压、温度和时间四因素三水平方差分析表明,用碱量对得率的影响最大,时间对其影响最小;浆料黏度下降并不明显;用碱量对浆料卡伯值的影响最大,氧压对其影响最小。在较适宜的工艺条件下氧碱蒸煮结果为:浆料得率52.6%;浆料黏度为1 042 mL/g,比单段碱法蒸煮后浆料黏度(1 099 mL/g)降低5.2%;浆料卡伯值17.9,比单段碱法蒸煮后浆料卡伯值(20.3)降低11.8%;黑液黏度为3.4 mPa.s,比单段碱法蒸煮黑液黏度(5.1 mPa.s)降低33.3%。     

新型蒸煮助剂在竹子硫酸盐法制浆中的应用研究

对新型蒸煮助剂用于竹子硫酸盐法制浆的最佳工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明,BL-A助剂的最佳蒸煮工艺条件为:用碱量14%、硫化度18%、液比3.7︰1、最高蒸煮温度165℃、BL-A助剂的用量0.07%,在此工艺条件下细浆得率为47.76%,卡伯值为17.71。     

杂交鹅掌楸材性、纤维特性及制浆性能研究

对5年生杂交鹅掌楸木材材性、纤维形态和化学组成进行了分析,并对其硫酸盐法蒸煮性能以及硫酸盐浆的强度性能进行了研究。结果表明,杂交鹅掌楸木材基本密度0.374 g/cm3,纤维平均长度1.34μm,纤维长宽比48。杂交鹅掌楸木素19.6%,戊聚糖15.7%,1%NaOH抽提物26.9%(质量分数)。在用碱量18%(Na2O计)、硫化度20%和170℃条件下蒸煮,得到浆料的卡伯值为14.3,得率46.9%。浆料手抄片的裂断长、耐破指数和撕裂指数分别为6.4 km、3.9 kPa.m2/g和6.3 mN.m2/g。     

混合桉木预水解硫酸盐法溶解浆的制备

本研究依据国内某企业实际生产需要,选用澳洲蓝桉和巴西巨桉为原料,按照不同配比进行混合预水解硫酸盐法蒸煮,通过调节预水解工段和硫酸盐蒸煮工段用碱量分配比和保温时间来改善浆料质量;蒸煮后浆料再经氧脱木素、二氧化氯漂白和碱抽提处理,成功获得质量较好的溶解浆粕产品。实验结果表明,在总用碱量一定的情况下,提高蒸煮段用碱量可更高效地脱除木质素,且延长保温时间可有效降低浆料卡伯值;澳洲蓝桉单独蒸煮时,所得浆料α-纤维素含量为94.09%,白度84.51%ISO,聚合度1132;巴西巨桉制得浆料α-纤维素含量为91.68%,白度85.36%ISO,聚合度821,均达到生产要求。     

正交试验法优选硫酸盐木浆蒸煮工艺

顺昌厂是以马尾松的枝亚材、间伐材为原料的日产五吨小型纸浆厂,设有两个14立方米的蒸球,采取硫酸盐法制浆。常用的蒸煮工艺条件:用碱量15%,硫化度18%,液比2.4,蒸煮时间4小时,蒸煮最高温度170℃(相当于表压7公斤/平方厘米)。浆硬度掌握在30K 价(高锰酸钾值)左右,浆得率一般为44～46%。本着增产节约的精神,我们提出“在不降低现有设备能力和所要求纸浆硬度的前提下,用正交试验法优选较低     

蒸煮助剂对低用碱量硫酸盐法预处理毛竹竹屑的影响

毛竹竹屑经10%低用碱量 (以Na₂O计)、20%硫化度、160 ℃下保温1 h预处理,木质素脱除率达到62.35%,预处理物料酶水解48 h葡萄糖和木糖得率分别为56.04%和53.47%。研究了硼氢化钠、三聚磷酸钠、2-蒽醌磺酸钠3种蒸煮助剂对毛竹竹屑10%用碱量硫酸盐预处理的成分以及糖化效果影响,其中2-蒽醌磺酸钠影响最大。在10%用碱量和20%硫化度的预处理液中添加0.15%的2-蒽醌磺酸时,160 ℃下保温1 h的葡聚糖回收率和木质素脱除率分别为94.93%和68.55%,与空白对比分别提高5.45%和9.94%;预处理物料酶解48 h葡萄糖和木糖得率分别为62.88%和58.97%,与空白对比分别提高12.21%和10.29%。     

马尾松预水解硫酸盐法制人造纤维浆粕工艺的研究

对马尾松制人造纤维浆粕过程中的预水解工艺进行研究,比较了不同液比、最高温度及保温时间的处理效果。研究结果表明:预水解最佳工艺条件为液比1:6;最高温度170℃;保温时间90min。蒸煮工艺采用常规硫酸盐法蒸煮,漂白采用全无氯(TCF)漂白。在此条件下,可获得性能优良的浆粕。     

绿液预处理玉米秸秆产纤维素酶的研究

研究了绿液预处理玉米秸秆对里氏木霉产纤维素酶的影响。通过正交试验考察3个预处理条件对玉米秸秆产纤维素酶的影响,从极差和方差分析可知,对绿液预处理玉米秸秆产纤维素酶的影响程度由大到小依次是总碱量、蒸煮温度、硫化度,最大滤纸酶活(FPA)达到2.6 IU/mL。比较在蒸煮温度140 ℃和170 ℃,总碱量4 %,硫化度0、20 %、30 % 与40 %下所产的FPA,经综合评定,在最优条件下蒸煮温度140 ℃,总碱量4 %和硫化度0时可以尽量避免原料损失的前提下,保证FPA的大小,结果表明,里氏木霉利用绿液预处理玉米秸秆来产纤维素酶是可行的。以蒸煮温度140 ℃,总碱量4 %和硫化度0的条件下绿液预处理得到的玉米秸秆为碳源,碳源浓度为12 g/L,FPA和β-葡萄糖苷酶活(β-GA)分别达到2.5 IU/mL和1.3 IU/mL,产酶周期5 d。     

Effect of Alkaline Hemicellulose Extraction on Kraft Pulp Fibers from Eucalyptus Grandis

Abstract

The alkaline extraction of hemicelluloses from hardwoods prior to pulping, for further conversion to value-added products, seems to be a promising pathway for paper mills to increase profit and improve sustainability. However, the amount of hemicellulose extracted will be limited by the requirement to maintain pulp quality and pulp yield in comparison to existing pulping processes. The effects of NaOH concentration, temperature, and time on hemicellulose extraction of Eucalyptus grandis were studied using a statistical experimental design. Extracted wood chips were subjected to kraft pulping to evaluate the effect of the extraction on cooking chemicals, pulp quality, and handsheet paper strengths. The selective xylan recovery (12.4% dry mass) from E. grandis combined with low-cooking, active alkali charge, and less cooking time advantaged the xylan extraction and subsequent modified kraft pulping process under the studied conditions. Pulp viscosity, breaking strength, and tensile index of handsheets were slightly improved.     

Effect of temperature on the soda and kraft cooking of corn stalks

This study included soda and kraft process of corn stalks at constant active alkali, the kraft liquor having 25% sulfidity. Five cookings were made at different temperatures, 80, 120, 140, 160, and 180°C, each for 1 h. Under the condition of the study the following temperature effects were noted: (1) Delignification could be approximated by a first-order reaction. (2) The kraft process exhibited twice the rate of lignin removal as the soda of the same digestion temperature. (3) The rate of removal of carbohydrates in the kraft process is faster than soda process due to presence of sulfide ion. (4) The carbon content of thiolignin increased hydrogen and oxygen content decreased while in soda lignin the opposite occurs. (5) The amount of phenolic OH increased with increasing the cooking temperature and was more noticeable in thiolignins than in soda lignins. (6) Demethoxylation occurs in kraft cooking at elevated temperature rather than soda cooking.     

Impact of effective alkali and sulfide profiling on Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulping. Selectivity of the impregnation phase and its effect on final pulping results

BACKGROUND: Eucalyptus globulus is an important wood source for paper production and, in the last few years, great efforts have been made to assess its chemical specificities and improve the kraft pulping efficiency. Despite the existence of several works concerning mostly the kinetics of E. globulus kraft pulping there is a lack of systematic studies on the initial phase of pulping as well as on the impact of effective alkali (EA) charge profiling on the kraft pulping performance of this species. The aim of the present work is to assess the effect of initial effective alkali and sulfide charges on the lignin and carbohydrates removal on the impregnation phase and to investigate the effect of EA splitting charge on the whole E. globulus pulping process efficiency. RESULTS: When the EA charge at impregnation phase increases, the amount of dissolved wood increases until it reaches a constant value of about 20%. Maximum polysaccharide removal at impregnation phase was about 10% of total wood weight. Glucose removal during impregnation was attributed to the degradation and/or dissolution of E. globulus glucans. For EA charges at impregnation phase higher than ～15%, xylan retention on wood was roughly constant. Despite the differences found at impregnation phase on the amount of dissolved wood and lignin removal, it was demonstrated that these differences are almost completely attenuated until the end of the kraft pulping process. CONCLUSION: In the case of E. globulus, for a constant effective alkali charge, alkali profiling does not affect the whole kraft pulping performance. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

绿液预处理对棉秆化学成分及酶水解糖化的影响

绿液的主要成分是Na2CO3和Na2S,可在硫酸盐浆厂碱回收系统中循环产生。将新疆棉秆在不同温度、硫化度和用碱量下经绿液预处理后,在不同酶用量下进行酶水解,并测定酶水解液中总糖得率以评价预处理效果。结果表明,原料预处理得率随用碱量的增加而下降。适当地提高蒸煮温度和用碱量,可以增加木质素脱除量,有利于后续酶水解的进行,但过于剧烈的预处理条件将导致碳水化合物的过度降解,因而降低酶水解糖的转化率。另外,由于新疆棉秆细小,棉秆皮占全秆比例较大,原料总糖含量较低,导致最终酶水解总糖得率偏低。在温度120?C,用碱量16%,硫化度32%条件下绿液预处理,酶水解糖转化率达到最大值,当酶水解酶用量为20 FPU/g(对浆料)时,葡聚糖、木聚糖和总糖的转化率分别为74.0%、61.3%和68.5%。     

Assessment of potential approaches to improve Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulping yield

The main goal of this work is to study the potential approaches to improve polysaccharides retention during Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulping. The addition of anthraquinone to kraft pulping leads to the highest pulp yield while the addition of urea promotes lower depolymerization of polysaccharides (higher pulp viscosity), but does not have a significant effect on yield. The early interruption of kraft cooking followed by oxygen delignification is a reliable approach to increase pulp yield, particularly when pulping is interrupted at the end of the faster and more selective kinetic regime (bulk phase). Yield loss during oxygen delignification is considerably lower than that incurred in the last phase of kraft pulping. Pulping with OH^?/HS^? charge profiling, carried out with liquor injection in three different phases leads to a yield increase. However, this increase results from a lower total alkali charge applied when profiling pulping is compared to standard pulping conditions, rather than to alkali profiling. Standard kraft pulping with different active alkali (AA) charges demonstrated that this operational variable is determinant for pulp yield and viscosity. Pulping experiences with lower AA (14%) resulted in a higher and almost constant pulp viscosity and in a higher pulp yield, assigned to improved retention of both cellulose and xylan. During the last stage of pulping, cellulose content decreases, this being mainly responsible for the decrease of pulp yield, while xylan content is almost constant, a feature attributed to the peculiar structure of this E. globulus's hemicellulose. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry