激光干式除锈

无论是在生产还是在科研中，有效地去除金属锈蚀一直是人们极为关注的一个领域。我们对一种新式除锈方法——激光干式除锈法的原理、特点和基本结构进行了详细介绍，在实验室内对不同程度的铁锈进行了激光清洗试验，初步得到了激光清洗阈值、清洗效率、清洗成本、清洗效果等数据，将这些数据与其它除锈方法进行比较，表明激光干式除锈是比较理想的除锈方法，有望因其成本低、污染少、效果好等优点而广泛应用于工业除锈。     

环保高效除锈膏的研究

研究了一种环保型高效除锈膏。分析了除锈膏的成分,给出了除锈膏的制备与除锈方法。除锈膏主要由10%磷酸、5%柠檬酸、2.5%草酸组成,其载体为明胶、黄土、淀粉,缓蚀剂为硫脲。实验结果表明,该除锈膏不产生刺激性气体,方便易用,可在不停产的条件下有效除锈,除锈后基体材料表面涂漆膜层的结合力良好。     

化学除锈技术在储油罐防腐层大修中的应用

用化学除锈的方法对储油罐防腐层进行了除锈处理 ,该方法安全、经济、高效 ,有推广价值     

高压水射流除锈装置及试验研究

高压水射流除锈与切割应用关键要解决灵敏调控、执行机构设计、安全、运行可靠等问题,实现商品化.笔者从船舶除锈和岩石切割两大用途出发,研制了70MPa、2m~3/h、55kW高压水射流成套装置.本装置集高压泵、阀、密封和水射流技术为一体,由往复泵、安全阀、调压阀、截止阀、控制阀、喷枪、旋转喷头、磨料射流系统和绞盘等组成.经船厂对A、B、C、D四级锈蚀钢板除锈和上船除锈,除锈质量符合ISO8501-1:1988标准中Sa2.5级需求,除锈速度0.8m~2/min,效率高,无粉尘污染,完全满足船舶工业需求.同时以100MPa以内不同压力对石灰岩、混凝土进行切割试验表明该装置的切割功能具备了应用的条件.本文从设计和试验两方面论述了装置参数优化与型式特点、各参量与除锈、切割的关系,进而分析磨料射流除锈新工艺替代喷砂除锈工艺的必然趋势.     

环保型钢铁除锈清洗剂的研制

研制一种中性环保钢铁除锈清洗剂,并对除锈性能进行了对比测试。该清洗剂可以替代传统的盐酸型清洗剂以及现在常见的磷酸型清洗剂,除锈效果好、不含磷、环保无毒、使用安全,清洗后污水处理方便。     

水射流箱体除锈生产线的研制

目前,水射流除锈在中国尚处在初级阶段.一条超高压纯水射流箱体除锈生产线正在建造.根据样机除锈试验总结出的经验及相关数据,建造箱体除锈生产线.介绍了生产线中水射流除锈设备的配置及除锈主要参数.     

除锈膏的除锈磷化作用及其应用

研究了合成的除锈膏的除锈磷化作用，讨论了各种添加剂对除锈膏除锈能力、磷化作用及缓蚀效果的影响，并在化工设备维修中应用了除锈膏。     

钢铁除锈钝化新工艺

钢铁表面涂装前的除锈质量,是影响涂层防腐蚀和装饰效果的关键,因此国外非常重视钢铁除锈技术的研究。从五十年代以来,我国和英国、美国、联邦德国、日本、苏联等国对钢铁除锈技术开展了大量研究工作,发明了一些新技术,但是未见报道除锈质量达到Sa 3级,除锈钝化后十天左右不生成二次锈,不消耗能源,不污染环境,设施简单,应用面广,成本低的除锈钝化工艺。近年我们开发了一项钢铁除锈钝化新工艺。     

钢结构机械喷射处理工艺与设备

介绍了钢结构的喷砂除锈和抛丸除锈工艺及设备,讨论了空气压力,以及喷嘴口径、内孔结构和材质对喷砂效率的影响,对抛丸流水线的形式、结构组成和技术参数,以及抛丸工艺的优势进行了探讨。认为抛丸除锈质量优异,能耗低,并利于环保,是钢结构表面预处理的发展趋势。     

大功率电力机车车轮辐板清洗方法

车轮辐板人工除锈存在不足,考虑除锈清洗对象及任务量,提出车轮辐板由人工改为自动化机械除锈的方式,解决了人工除锈带来的不足,提高了上海机车检修段自动化、流水修能力。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。