2205双相不锈钢铸坯皮下夹杂物含量探讨

采用金相显微镜(OM)夹杂物自动图像分析软件统计了2205双相不锈钢铸坯皮下3 mm位置处夹杂物数量和分布,并用扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线能谱仪(EDS)分析了夹杂物形貌和成分。结果表明:2205双相不锈钢铸坯中的夹杂物大小以5～15 μm为主,沿着铸坯宽度方向由表层到1/4位置夹杂物数量有增加的趋势;铸坯中的夹杂物均呈球形,主要有CaO Al2O3 SiO2和CaO Al2O3 SiO2 MgO两类夹杂物。     

Q195热轧带钢凝固冷却过程非金属夹杂物生成热力学及工业实践

为了控制Q195钢中非金属夹杂物在凝固冷却过程的转变,采用ASPEX自动扫描电镜研究了实际生产凝固冷却过程夹杂物的转变,并用FactSage软件理论计算了这一过程夹杂物转变的热力学原理。研究结果表明:Si-Mn-Al复合脱氧Q195热轧带钢中间包内夹杂物主要成分为SiO2-MnO-Al2O3,连铸坯中硫化物夹杂质量分数急剧升高,氧化物夹杂中SiO2质量分数升高,MnO质量分数下降。钢中夹杂物成分与尺寸有明显对应关系,中间包内夹杂物尺寸越大,Al2O3质量分数越多,SiO2质量分数越低;铸坯中夹杂物尺寸越小,MnS质量分数越高,氧化物夹杂尺寸越小,SiO2质量分数越高。FactSage热力学计算表明,在钢凝固冷却过程,钢中会析出SiO2相、Mn2Al4Si5O18相和MnS相,析出相尺寸一般较小,使小尺寸夹杂物中SiO2和MnS质量分数升高,热力学理论计算可以较好地解释夹杂物成分在凝固冷却过程的转变。     

连铸结晶器电磁制动对铸坯中非金属夹杂物影响的研究

对梅钢2^#连铸机采用的FC-Mold（Flow Control Mold）全幅二段电磁制动器对钢中非金属夹杂物的影响进行了研究。结果表明,采用电磁制动后,铸坯中心的夹杂物总个数少于未采用电磁制动的铸坯,而前者边部的夹杂物个数则是后者的2.06倍;铸坯中心和边部的夹杂物平均直径和平均面积均有所减小,铸坯中心的平均面积减小量达到8.44μm^2。钢中的夹杂物主要为直径全部小于20μm的Al2O3、MnS和CaS夹杂物,还有少量含K、Na的夹杂物。未采用电磁制动的铸坯中含K、Na夹杂物的数量明显多于采用电磁制动的铸坯。采用电磁制动明显降低结晶器液面的波动幅度,这有助于减少卷渣几率。电磁制动使用技术还有待于进一步优化研究。     

厚规格X80管线钢轧制过程中夹杂物演变行为的研究

采用金相显微镜对X80管线钢轧制前后的夹杂物进行了评级和数量统计,用扫描电子显微镜检测了轧制前后夹杂物形态变化,并用能谱分析仪(EDS)分析了夹杂物化学成分。结果表明:铸坯中主要为小尺寸球形夹杂物。铸坯轧制后,D类夹杂物细系的级别值变大,而D类夹杂物的粗系和DS类夹杂物的级别均降低;铸坯试样和钢板试样的1/4位置,夹杂物级别都比较高,在1/2位置,夹杂物级别都比较低;轧制后,小尺寸(3μm)夹杂物的数量增加,大尺寸夹杂物的数量减小。X80管线钢中的夹杂物多为Ca、Mg、Al、O、S等元素组成的硫化物-氧化物复相夹杂,不同类型的夹杂物在不同轧制过程中变形行为不相同。     

低碳钢连铸坯质量缺陷分析及改进

使用不同的技术手段对冶金反应引起的非金属夹杂物和连铸坯缺陷进行了分析。结果表明,连铸坯试样中夹杂物分布不均匀,夹杂物的尺寸超过了20μm。一些薄膜状的非金属夹杂物由MnS和CaS组成。薄膜状的非金属夹杂物的形成与金属的脱硫相关。大量的薄膜状的非金属夹杂物主要由MnS夹杂所包起来的镁铝尖晶石组成。这是由于液态金属在脱氧过程中A1和MgO的存在造成的。有必要对于连铸坯在浇注前进行充分的吹氩搅拌。     

焊丝钢夹杂物类型及分布研究

夹杂物的存在,直接影响连铸坯的性能.本文研究了某钢厂焊丝钢夹杂物的形成过程,夹杂物的类型及其分布.研究结果表明:钢包下渣、中间包和结晶器卷渣是铸坯中夹杂物的主要来源,铸坯中夹杂物的类型主要为SiO2系、SiO2-MnO系、SiO2-MnO-Al2O3系、SiO2-CaO-Al2O3系为主要组分的复杂氧化物系.     

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 含锆夹杂物与基体间的缝隙，不是在轧制时形成的，而是在轧后由相变后的组织决定的：有铁素体等软质相组织的钢中，夹杂物与基体的缝隙较小；主要由板条等硬质相组成的钢中，夹杂物与基体的缝隙较大。对夹杂物形貌及尺寸观察后发现：直径大于5 μm的复合夹杂物，ZrO2是夹杂物的核心；直径小于3 μm复合夹杂物的核心则是ZrO，而TiO2、Al2O3、MnS等包围并依附着含锆氧化物析出并长大。     

电磁制动对SPHC钢连铸坯中夹杂物的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱等手段,对SPHC钢连铸坯在浇注过程中使用电磁制动技术对夹杂物的影响进行研究。结果表明:采用电磁制动技术后,在铸坯宽度方向上,边部夹杂物个数约为心部夹杂物个数的2.00倍、约为距边部1/4铸坯宽度处夹杂物个数的2.08倍。在铸坯厚度方向上,夹杂物数量随位置变化趋势与未加电磁制动是大致相同,仅在距上边部1/4铸坯厚度处夹杂物数量明显降低。从夹杂物总个数角度分析,加电磁制动后铸坯夹杂物总个数略有降低。夹杂物的尺寸均为小于20μm,其形状为圆形、方形、少量三角形和不规则多边形。夹杂物主要类型为Al2O3、铝酸镁类、碳化硅类等。电磁制动对夹杂物的形貌和组成没有明显影响。     

SPHC铸坯中的非金属夹杂物研究

针对河北某钢铁公司BOF-LF-CC生产的SPHC铸坯的质量问题进行了研究。结果表明,铸坯中T[O]含量为38.2×104%,显微夹杂数量为32.02个/mm2,大型夹杂含量为30.2 mg/10 kg,个别炉次大型夹杂物含量高达1242.4 mg/10 kg。300μm以上的夹杂物占总量的33.3%~96.3%,其中绝大多数以SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaO-TiO2-Mn O复合夹杂物的形式存在。夹杂普遍存在K、Na元素,连铸过程中存在严重的结晶器卷渣现象。稳定生产工艺、减少非稳态浇注的影响是提高铸坯质量的关键。     

粉末高温合金中SiO2夹杂物与基体的界面反应机理及对其变形行为的影响

通过人工植入夹杂物的方法,采用SEM、EPMA、TEM、纳米压痕和微纳CT研究了FGH96粉末高温合金中30和60μm SiO2夹杂物在粉末态、热等静压(HIP)和热挤压(HEX)过程中形貌、尺寸以及化学成分的演变规律,深入揭示了SiO2夹杂物与基体发生界面反应的机理,定量研究了夹杂物在粉末态、HIP态以及HEX态下尺寸的变化,表征了夹杂物在挤压棒材中的三维形貌。结果表明,在粉末态时,夹杂物呈长条状或板条状;在HIP过程中,夹杂物与基体发生了置换反应,形成了内部Ti O2、外部Al2O3并弥散分布于γ基体的复合夹杂物,确定了形成氧化物的物相种类,揭示了界面反应机理,同时,30μm SiO2周围未出现γ'相贫化区,60μm SiO2周围形成了γ'相贫化区,合金基体较γ'相贫化区具有较高弹性模量和纳米硬度,γ'相贫化区为软化区,反应后30和60μm SiO2夹杂物尺寸分别约为35和75μm,体积得到进一步增大;在挤压过程中,60μm SiO2由于贫化区的存在表现出与30μm SiO2不同的变形行为,并通过SEM观察统计的夹杂物尺寸与理论计算和微纳CT测试结果进行了对比验证。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.