以Mn3O4为前驱体制备尖晶石型LiMn2O4及其性能

采用改进的固相反应法合成了高性能的锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4。首先,以廉价的MnSO4为原料,通过水解氧化法制备纳米级Mn3O4前驱体;然后,将Mn3O4和Li2CO3混合均匀,在750℃固相反应20 h,得到尖晶石型LiMn2O4。用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对Mn3O4前驱体和LiMn2O4样品进行表征,用充放电测试和循环伏安技术对LiMn2O4样品进行电化学性能研究。结果表明:所制备的LiMn2O4具有完整的尖晶石型结构,且晶体粒子分布均匀。所制备的LiMn2O4材料在3.0~4.4 V之间,室温(25℃)下,在0.2C倍率下首次放电比容量为130.6 mA.h/g;在0.5C倍率下首次放电比容量为127.1 mA.h/g,30次循环后,容量仍有109.5 mA.h/g,且样品具有较好的高温性能。     

LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12复合材料的制备与电化学性能

以LiMn2O4、醋酸锂和钛酸四丁酯为原料,乙醇为溶剂,采用原位复合法制备LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12复合材料.采用X射线衍射分析、红外光谱、扫描电镜和电化学测试等手段对复合材料进行表征.结果表明,在LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12复合材料中晶态的LiMn2O4表面被无定形结构的Li4Ti5O12包覆,但Li4Ti5O12的存在并没有改变LiMn2O4的晶体结构.由于Li4Ti5O12的包覆,LiMn2O4的倍率性能和高温性能都得到显著提高:室温下2.0C放电时20次循环后LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12复合材料的可逆容量达到108.4mA·h/g,平均每次循环的容量损失只有0.053%;而55 ℃ 1.0C放电时,经60次循环后LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12的放电容量为109.9 mA·h/g,平均每次循环的容量损失为0.036%.     

球形高电压LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的制备及其电化学性能

以化学共沉淀法制备的球形Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3为前驱体合成高电压正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4,探讨用前驱体与Li2CO3直接反应和用前驱体分解后的氧化物与Li2CO3反应两种工艺路线对LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4形貌和电化学性能的影响。用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3前驱体和LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4样品进行表征,用充放电测试和循环伏安法对LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4样品进行电化学性能研究。结果表明:两种方法合成的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4均具有尖晶石型结构。但以前驱体Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3直接与Li2CO3反应合成的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的一次粒子颗粒较大,形貌较差,性能也较差;而以前驱体分解后的氧化物与Li2CO3反应合成的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的形貌及性能均较好。在3.0~4.9 V的电压范围内,1C倍率下电池的放电比容量达到136.3 mA.h/g,循环100次仍有126.5 mA.h/g,且材料具有较好的倍率性能;5C倍率下的首次放电比容量高达120.7 mA.h/g。     

稀土元素对LiMn_2O_4电极材料相结构及性能的影响

采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、电池测试系统等研究了不同稀土掺杂元素La、Ce、Nd等对Pechini法合成的LiMn2O4材料的相结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响规律.结果表明,合成的LiMn2O4、LiLa0.03Mn1.97O4、LiLa0.01Ce0.01Nd0.01Mn1.97O4样品具有纯尖晶石型LiMn2O4结构,LiLa0.015Ce0.015Mn1.97O4样品由LiMn:O.相及微量杂质相CeO2组成;样品呈规则的近球形或球形,其粒径范围为0.5～2.5μm.稀土元素取代使LiMn2O4材料的初始容量略有降低、循环稳定性能有较大增加,LiMn2O4、LiLa0.03Mn1.97O4、LiLa0.015Ce0.015Mn1.97O4、LiLa0.01Ce0.01Nd0.01Mn1.97O42样品的初始容量分别为126.0、120.0、117.3、124.0 mA·h/g,经30次循环充放电后的容量分别为88.9、102.7、101.6、109.1 mA·h/g.     

基于控制结晶法制备的锂离子电池正极材料球形锰酸锂

采用控制结晶法,以MnSO4,NH4HCO3和氨水为原料制备了球形MnCO3.所得产品的振实密度为2.1g/cm3,粉末粒度约为20 μm.研究了MnCO3在不同温度下的热分解性能,对热分解产物的差热/热重分析和X射线衍射分析发现,MnCO3的热分解反应分两步进行,在300℃时开始分解,生成中间产物MnO2;在520℃时,MnO2开始转化为Mn2O3,至560℃时完全转化为立方相的球形Mn2O3.实验所确定的MnCO3完全分解为立方相球形Mn2O3的最佳条件为在560℃下加热4 h.以LiCO3为锂源材料,在750℃下与球形Mn2O3一起焙烧,制备得到球形LiMn2O4.其在25℃和0.4C倍率下的首次充放电容量分别为131和125 mA·h/g,90次循环的容量保持率为84%.     

熔融浸渍法LiMn2O4的制备及性能

利用电解二氧化锰（EMD）和碳酸锂为原料，采用熔融浸渍法合成了尖晶石型锂锰氧化物LiMn2O4，并用热重分析（TGA）、粉末X射线衍射技术研究了合成条件对产物的晶体结构、电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明，在合成的后续阶段反应时间的长短对产物的晶体结构和电化学性能的影响很大，时间长，会使LiMn2O4分解为Li2MnO3和Mn2O3;LiMn2O4的初始放电比容量也随反应时间的延长而下降。在最佳条件下合成的LiMn2O4的首次放电比容量高达132.4mAh/g，50次循环后的放电比容量还保持在125.6mAh/g的水平。     

PAA络合法制备LiMn_2O_4粉体及其电化学性能

采用络合法并结合热处理工艺制备LiMn2O4粉体,考察了热处理温度对LiMn2O4粉体结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响。结果表明:以聚丙烯酸(PAA)、硝酸锂和硝酸锰为原料,在一定温度下合成了稳定的溶胶和凝胶,在不同的煅烧温度下制得了LiMn2O4粉体。随着煅烧温度的升高,粉体颗粒逐渐增大,晶型趋于完整。700℃下煅烧10 h制得的LiMn2O4颗粒大小均匀,晶型完整且没有明显团聚现象。0.1 C倍率首次放电比容量达到118 mA·h/g,经80次循环后仍能达到112 mA·h/g,容量保持率高达95%,表现出良好的循环稳定性。     

均匀沉淀法制备LiFePO4/C及其电化学性能

以FeSO4·7H2O、H3PO4、H2O2和尿素为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备LiFePO4的前驱体FePO4·xH2O,研究表面活性剂PEG对前驱体FePO4·xH2O形貌的影响。并将获得的FePO4·xH2O与Li2CO3及葡萄糖混合后合成LiFePO4/C。利用XRD、SEM、循环伏安测试、电化学性能测试、交流阻抗测试等手段对LiFePO4/C进行表征。结果表明:当不添加表面活性剂PEG时,FePO4·xH2O颗粒呈球形,但团聚现象严重;添加PEG后,颗粒较分散,形貌为多面体,合成的LiFePO4/C在0.1C时的首次放电比容量为151.0 mA·h/g,倍率性能好,振实密度达1.44 g/cm3。     

高温固相法合成尖晶石型LixMn2O4的结构及电化学性能

采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、电池测试系统等研究了Li/Mn(摩尔比)、合成温度、合成时间等工艺因素对LixMn2O4正极材料的相组成、形貌及电化学性能的影响.结果表明,当合成温度为1023～1223 K,合成时间为12～36 h时,所合成的LixMn2O4(x=0.98～1.05)样品具有单一的尖晶石型LiMn2O4结构,样品呈规则的球形或近球形,粒径为1～3μm.样品具有较好的室温活化特性,首次活化即达到最大放电容量118.0 mAh/g,样品的放电容量随合成时问的延长而增加、随合成温度的升高呈增后减的规律.     

F-掺杂LiMn2O4的合成及电化学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成掺杂F^-的LiMn2O4。通过XRD、SEM对掺杂F-的LiMn2O4材料的组成、结构、微观形貌等进行分析与表征,测试不同F^-掺杂量的LiMn2O4在常温（20℃）、高温（55℃）下的电化学性能。结果表明：所合成的材料具有良好的尖晶石立方结构,无杂相;F^-的掺杂提高了材料的比容量,增强了材料的稳定性,改善了其在高温下的循环性能。当F^-的掺入量x由0增加到0.1时,材料的比容量由119.7 mA.h/g增加到124.9 mA.h/g,高温下充放电30个循环后容量保持率由79.4%增加到84.4%。     

共沉淀法制备LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2过程中加料速度对其性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2前驱体,与LiOH.H2O混合后在氧气气氛中焙烧得到LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料,探讨共沉淀反应过程中快速加料和慢速加料制度对前驱体形貌和LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料性能的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学测试对样品进行表征。结果表明:慢速加料法减小了材料的粒径,合成了平均粒径在0.5μm左右的球形Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2前驱体,且粒径分布比较集中;所合成LiNi0.8Co0.1-Mn0.1O2正极材料具有良好的层状结构,且无杂相存在;缓慢加料法得到的样品的电化学性能有很大提高,在0.1 C、0.5 C和1 C下首次放电比容量分别达到223.5、194.3和190.7 mA.h/g,循环30次后,容量保持率为80.09%、80.80%和85.84%。     

Al2O3包覆LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4正极材料的制备及其电化学性能

以Al(NO3)3?9H2O为包覆原料,通过燃烧法制备得到LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4@Al2O3正极材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等表征手段对材料的结构和形貌进行分析,并通过恒电流充放电、循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)等测试分析材料的电化学性能。结果表明,Al2O3包覆没有改变LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4的尖晶石型结构,包覆层厚度约10.6nm。LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4@Al2O3正极材料电化学性能得到了明显改善,1 C和10 C倍率下初始放电比容量分别为119.9 mAh?g-1和106.3 mAh?g-1,充放电循环500次后容量保持率分别为88.4%和78.2%,而未包覆的LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4在1 C和10 C倍率下初始放电比容量分别为121.2 mAh?g-1和104.0 mAh?g-1,500次循环后容量保持率分别为84.1%和67.6%。LiNi0.03Co0.05Mn1.92O4@Al2O3活化能为32.92 kJ?mol-1,而未包覆材料的活化能为36.24 kJ?mol-1,包覆有效降低了材料Li+扩散所需克服的能垒,提高了材料的电化学性能。     

电解二氧化锰预处理对制备锰酸锂性能的影响(英文)

分别采用酸洗、预烧、浸渍掺铬的方式对电解二氧化锰(EMD)进行预处理,研究EMD预处理对制备锰酸锂性能的影响。采用XRD、ICP等手段对预处理的EMD及制备的锰酸锂进行表征,并通过Li/LiMn2O4电池的充放电测试对其电化学性能进行评估。结果表明,酸洗后EMD中的钠、硫等无机杂质含量显著降低;预烧能够有效去除EMD吸附的水分和有机杂质,扩大孔径,增多反应活性位点;对EMD进行浸渍掺铬的预处理,能够得到更加均质的掺铬锰酸锂材料LiCr0.05Mn1.95O4,并表现出较好的结构稳定性及容量保持率。     

Low temperature synthesis of Fe3O4 micro-spheres and its application in lithium ion battery

Fe₃O₄ micro-spheres with nanoparticles close-packed architectures were synthesized via a simple chemical method using (NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂·6H₂O, hexamethylenetetramine, and NaF as reaction materials. This chemical synthesis took place in a vitreous jar under low temperature (90 °C) and atmospheric pressure. The morphology and structure of the as-synthesized products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectrum. Electrochemical properties of the as-synthesized Fe₃O₄ micro-spheres as anode electrode of lithium ion batteries were studied by conventional charge/discharge tests, which exhibit steady charge/discharge platforms at different current densities. The as-prepared Fe₃O₄ electrode shows high initial discharge capacity of 1166 and 1082 mAh g⁻¹ at current density of 0.05 and 0.1 mA cm⁻², respectively.     

Synthesis and electrochemical performances of spherical LiFePO4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Spherical LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C composite powders for lithium ion batteries were synthesized by a novel processing route of co-precipitation and subsequent calcinations in a nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere. The precursors of LiFePO4, LiFePO4/C composite and the resultant products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the electrochemical performances were investigated by galvanostatic charge and discharge tests. The precursors composed of amorphous Fe3(PO4)2·xH2O and crystalline Li3PO4 obtained in the co-precipitation processing have a sphere-like morphology. The spherical LiFePO4 derived from the calcinations of the precursor at 700 ℃ for 10 h in a reduction atmosphere shows a discharge capacity of 119 mAh·g -1 at the C/10 rate, while the LiFePO4/C composite with 10wt.% carbon addition exhibits a discharge capacity of 140 mAh·g -1.The electrochemical performances indicate that the LiFePO4/C composite has a higher specific capacity and a more stable cycling performance than the bare olivine LiFePO4 due to the carbon addition enhancing the electronic conductivity.     

Surface modification of spherical LiNi1/3Co 1/3 Mn1/3O2 with Al2O3 using heterogeneous nucleation process

To improve the cycle stability at high voltage and high charge/discharge rate, spherical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was coated with Al2O3 by using heterogeneous nucleation process, and the physical and electrochemical properties were studied. The SEM images show that there is a uniform coating on the modified spherical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2. The electrochemical tests indicate that the properties of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 coated with 0.5% aluminum oxide are the best. The initial capacities are 150 and 173 mA.h/g at the rate of I C in the voltage range of 2.7-4.3 V and 2.7-4.6 V, respectively, and the discharge capacities maintain about 99% and 85% after 30 cycles, respectively. While those of the bare LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 are only 90% and 75%, respectively. The CV tests of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 show that Al203-coating can restrain the oxide-reduction peak currents fading during the charge/discharge course.     

Synthesis and characterization of Li_(1.3)Al_(0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO_4)_3-coated LiMn_2O_4 by wet chemical route

Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3-coated LiMn2O4 was prepared by wet chemical route. The phase,surface morphology,and electrochemical properties of the prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron micrograph,and galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments. Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3-coated LiMn2O4 has similar X-ray diffraction patterns as LiMn2O4. The corner and border of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3-coated LiMn2O4 particles are not as clear as the uncoated one. The two powders show similar values of l...     

Synthesis of porous nano/micro structured LiFePO4/C cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries by spray-drying method

In order to enhance electrochemical properties of LiFePO₄ (LFP) cathode materials, spherical porous nano/micro structured LFP/C cathode materials were synthesized by spray drying, followed by calcination. The results show that the spherical precursors with the sizes of 0.5–5 μm can be completely converted to LFP/C when the calcination temperature is higher than 500 °C. The LFP/C microspheres obtained at calcination temperature of 700 °C are composed of numerous particles with sizes of ～20 nm, and have well-developed interconnected pore structure and large specific surface area of 28.77 m²/g. The specific discharge capacities of the LFP/C obtained at 700 °C are 162.43, 154.35 and 144.03 mA·h/g at 0.5C, 1C and 2C, respectively. Meanwhile, the capacity retentions can reach up to 100% after 50 cycles. The improved electrochemical properties of the materials are ascribed to a small Li⁺ diffusion resistance and special structure of LFP/C microspheres.