早龄期补偿收缩钢纤维混凝土SHPB劈裂抗拉性能分析

为了分析早龄期补偿收缩钢纤维混凝土(SCSFRC)在冲击载荷作用下动态劈裂破坏情况,本文采用HCSA膨胀剂(掺量8％)和压痕波纹型钢纤维(体积掺量1.0％)配制7d龄期混凝土试样进行SHPB劈裂抗拉试验.通过理论分析,得出在冲击荷载作用下,混凝土试件动态抗拉强度、应变率和应变的计算公式,并利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,模拟试件在分离式霍普金森压杆实验装置上受冲击时动态劈裂破坏过程.试验结果表明:SCSFRC与普通混凝土试样整体破坏特征相似,沿对心压缩轴线表面上的破坏顺序是由从两个冲击端部向中心发展的,与有限元软件计算结果一致;从应力-应变图可以看出,钢纤维对混凝土劈裂抗拉强度提高明显,对于SCSFRC试件应变率在2.25 s-1时,动态劈裂抗拉强度达到5.30 MPa,普通混凝土应变率2.21 s"时,动态劈裂抗拉强度达到4.48 MPa,应变率相近情况下,SCSFRC劈裂抗拉强度比普通混凝土增加18.3％,且SCSFRC具有较完整的破坏形态.     

钢筋混凝土矩形空心墩柱的FRP约束效应研究

为了正确评价纤维增强复合材料(FRP)约束效应对钢筋混凝土(RC)空心墩柱受力性能的影响,首先采用有限元数值模拟方法,对FRP类型、厚度、幅宽和间距参数影响下约束RC矩形空心柱的轴压荷载、约束混凝土压应变、箍筋和FRP拉应变的变化规律进行研究。基于模拟结果,提出一种考虑FRP布环箍和箍筋共同约束效应的侧向约束压力计算公式,进而建立FRP约束混凝土压应力-应变模型。进一步应用提出的FRP约束混凝土模型评价FRP加固矩形空心桥墩的受力性能,并与试验结果对比,两者吻合较好。     

倒角半径与加载速率对FRP弱约束方形混凝土柱的承载能力影响

为研究倒角半径和应变速率对纤维增强复合材料(FRP)弱约束混凝土方柱抗压强度的影响规律,对20个FRP弱约束混凝土方柱进行了不同加载速率的轴压试验,探讨混凝土柱倒角半径和应变速率对FRP约束混凝土力学性能的影响,并绘制了相应的应力-应变关系曲线。结果表明:随着试件倒角半径的增加,FRP弱约束混凝土的抗压强度呈现增大的趋势;随着应变速率的增大,FRP弱约束混凝土的抗压强度也呈现增大的趋势;并采用试验结果对现有的抗压强度模型进行评估,发现不同加载速率下FRP强约束混凝土圆柱的抗压强度模型可以用于预测不同加载速率下FRP弱约束混凝土方柱的抗压强度。     

泡沫混凝土单轴压缩破坏特性的细观数值模拟

在细观层次,泡沫混凝土可看作是由大量气泡以及水泥浆体这两相材料复合而成的.为了模拟具有高含量气泡的泡沫混凝土,在假设气泡为圆形和球形的条件下,结合随机游走算法与随机搜索算法,创建了泡沫混凝土的二维和三维几何模型.使用混凝土断裂损伤的本构模型,对数值试件进行了单轴压缩破坏的力学特征分析.探究了泡沫混凝土试件从初始微小裂缝直至被压缩破坏的全部过程,得到了泡沫混凝土的应力-应变曲线.结果 表明:具有相同气泡尺寸及比例和相同气泡含量,而气泡位置分布不同的泡沫混凝土在抗压强度上有一定的差异性,但峰值应变和初始弹性模量基本保持不变;如果泡沫混凝土的气泡含量不同,那么它的极限抗压强度和峰值应变的变化趋势是不同的,并且随着试件的气泡含量增加,极限抗压强度会快速降低,而峰值应变虽然也会有所降低,但降低的趋势较为缓慢.这与真实的泡沫混凝土在单轴压缩时的破坏过程是一致的.这也说明:数值试验也能够较好的模拟泡沫混凝土在单轴压缩下被破坏的全过程.     

不同围压下页岩力学特性的实验研究

采用TAW-2000岩石三轴压缩试验机对页岩的力学特性进行研究,分析了围压对页岩抗压强度、杨氏模量和泊松比等力学参数的影响。结果显示:(1)页岩的抗压强度、杨氏模量与围压之间呈正增长趋势,泊松比与围压之间呈负增长趋势;(2)随着围压的不断上升,页岩的抗压强度和弹性模量增长幅度表现出先上升后下降;(3)伴随着围压平衡上升,页岩的宏观破坏现象是第一组无裂纹,10 MPa时出现较小的裂纹,上升至15 MPa和20 MPa时出现了明显的破裂现象,根据宏观的破裂现象推导出页岩的破坏模式主要表现为先拉伸再剪切的断裂式破坏。     

含裂隙煤体抗压性能的试验研究与模拟计算

煤体内部天然存在的裂隙是瓦斯流动的主要通道和影响煤矿安全的重要因素。为考察不同原生裂隙分布形态的煤体抗压缩强度与裂纹演化规律,对原煤试样进行初始裂隙的提取和室内三轴压缩试验,结合数值模拟方法进一步研究了含裂隙试样在围压分别为1, 3, 5, 7, 9 MPa和加载速率在0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0 m/s下的峰值应力及破坏形态。结果表明,煤样的峰值应力随围压增加呈指数形式增大。垂直方向延伸的原生裂隙对裂纹扩展带的影响较小,当原生裂隙的延伸角度倾向于对角线方向时,裂纹容易在裂隙端部萌生和扩展。试样2的“V”型裂纹带在低围压(1, 3, 5 MPa)时受原生裂隙影响较大,高围压(7和9 MPa)下的破坏特征与试样1相似。随着加载速率逐渐递增,试样的抗压强度变化经历先缓慢上升,后迅速增加,最终趋于平缓的过程。低加载速率下的裂纹多聚集在原生裂隙延伸方向上,较高的加载速率容易造成裂纹集中于试样的角部位置,裂纹数目也迅速增多。     

ECC三轴压缩特性试验研究

为探究纤维增强水泥基复合材料(ECC)在复杂应力状态下的受压特性,通过常规三轴压缩试验得到了不同围压下的ECC应力-应变曲线,分析了ECC的强度特性、变形规律以及破坏模式.试验结果表明:PVA纤维的掺入、施加围压能够有效约束ECC的径向变形并提高其韧性,且ECC的轴向峰值抗压强度和峰值应变随围压的提高而增大.ECC的三轴受压变形过程表现为弹性变形-应变硬化-应变软化三阶段,且围压越大,应力-应变曲线的软化段变化越缓和.在三轴受压状态下,ECC的主压应力、轴向峰值应变与围压有较好的线性相关性.     

结合压缩薄膜效应对BFRP筋自密实混凝土桥面板工作性能有限元分析

采用非线性有限元方法对英国北爱尔兰Thompson桥中的BFRP筋增强自密实混凝土桥面板进行数值分析,通过对比数值模拟结果和试验结果表明所建立的有限元模型能够较准确地反映BFRP筋增强自密实混凝土桥面板在轮压负载下的工作性能。基于有限元模型的有效性,采用非线性数值模拟对该新型桥面板进行极限承载力和破坏模式进行预测及参数化分析。结果表明,BFRP筋自密实桥面板极限承载力大约为欧洲轮压负载150 k N的6倍(100 t),由于现行桥面板设计规范忽略了压缩薄膜效应的存在而导致桥面板极限承载力设计过于保守,参数化分析发现配筋率和筋材类型对桥面板极限承载力影响不大,而混凝土强度和跨高比是影响桥面板极限承载力的主要因素。     

压缩型弹性联轴器压装性能的有限元分析

以压缩型弹性联轴器为研究对象,使用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了弹性联轴器压装模拟模型,橡胶材料采用Mooney-Rivlin超弹模型,使用橡胶单轴压缩试验拟合得到了橡胶材料Rivlin参数,通过摩擦试验测试了不同压装条件下的摩擦系数,分析了压装过程弹性联轴器最大接触应力和平均压缩应力的影响因素。结果表明,法兰内衬孔倒角和摩擦系数对压装最大接触应力均有影响;使用有限元计算的弹性联轴器工作扭矩与实测值比较吻合,并确定了法兰内衬孔直径与弹性联轴器平均压缩应力的关系。     

复合材料螺旋缠绕圆筒壳轴向压缩性能有限元分析

本文利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了带有和不带有端部加强层的复合材料螺旋缠绕圆筒壳有限元模型,分析了在一定的压缩载荷和不同缠绕角度下这两种圆筒壳的轴压模量,研究了带有端部加强层圆筒壳的径向位移和层间剪应力分布规律并预测了其破坏形式。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。