氟碳表面活性剂及其在消防领域中的应用

介绍了氟碳表面活性剂的结构、性质(高表面活性、高热稳定性、高化学稳定性、憎水憎油性)，重点讨论了氟碳表面活性剂在消防领域中的应用，加入氟碳表面活性剂的普通灭火剂可以大大提高其灭火效能，并且利用氟碳表面活性剂的憎水憎油性，可以解决干粉灭火剂的抗复燃性问题。     

氟碳表面活性剂在石油工业中的应用研究

氟碳表面活性剂独特的结构,使其具有"三高"、"两憎"的性能;并易与碳氢表面活性剂复配,协同效应明显;另外,在一些新领域的试验性应用往往会出现一些预料不到的效果或现象。正是这些非氟碳表面活性剂所不具备的特性,使氟碳表面活性剂在石油工业的一些特殊领域中发挥着极其重要的作用。文章着重分析了近年来氟碳表面活性剂在三次采油、消防灭火以及其它石油工业领域中的主要应用现状,并预测了今后氟碳表面活性剂在石油工业中的应用趋势。     

氟碳表面活性剂应用研究

简要介绍了氟碳表面活性剂“三高”、“两憎”的化学性质,重点论述了氟碳表面活性剂在石油化工、消防、纺织、电镀等方面的广泛应用。     

氟表面活性剂的研究进展

含氟表面活性剂是特种表面活性剂的一类。与传统的表面活性剂相比,具有高表面活性、高耐热稳定性及高化学稳定性,既憎水又憎油的特性,已广泛应用于洗涤、消防、石油、纺织等多个领域。本文对含氟表面活性剂的结构与特性、合成方法及应用进行了简单综述。     

氟碳表面活性剂

氟碳表面活性剂由于其高表面活性、高热稳定性、高化学稳定性；在强酸、强碱、强氧化剂存在的条件下不分解使用温度可达260℃以上，既憎水又憎油等优良特性，使其具有极为广泛的用途。在许多要求特殊的领域里氟碳表面活性剂有着不可替代的作用。可广泛应用于化工、油墨、涂料、胶粘剂、机械、纺织、造纸、玻璃、冶金、燃料、     

氟碳表面活性剂工业应用研究进展

氟碳表面活性剂具有“三高”、“两憎”的特性，在一些特殊的工业领域发挥着极其重要的作用。着重分析近年来氟碳表面活性剂的主要工业应用现状，并预测了氟碳表面活性剂在今后的工业应用趋势。     

氟碳表面活性剂的合成

<正> 氟碳表面活性剂是一种特殊的表面活性剂,它和碳氢表面活性剂一样,也是由亲水基团和憎水基团两部份组成,只不过憎水基团的碳氢链为氟碳链所代替。由于氟碳链具有极强的疏水性及比较低的分子内聚力,因而其表面活性剂水溶液在很低浓度下呈现高表面活性。一般碳氢表面活性剂水溶液表面     

氟表面活性剂在油田领域的应用

氟表面活性剂具有高稳定性、高表面活性、憎水憎油性等应用特点,因而在油田钻井领域、采油领域以及集输领域具有广泛的应用空间。通过氟表面活性剂在油田领域的应用进行探究,分析氟表面活性剂的特点、氟表面活性剂在各领域的应用,以促进氟表面活性剂的应用价值和社会效益的提升。     

特种氟碳表面活性剂的研究及应用进展

氟碳表面活性剂具有独特的优良性能,是特种表面活性剂中重要的种类之一,能够应用于传统表面活性剂无法胜任的场合。本文介绍了氟碳表面活性剂的类型及基本物理性质,简述了其良好的稳定性、高的表面活性及对传统表面活性剂的增效作用,分析了氟碳表面活性剂的结构特征,研究了其合成方法及合成路线,阐述了氟碳表面活性剂产品的应用范围及领域,探讨了其对环境的影响及应对措施,指出了氟碳表面活性剂未来的发展方向和趋势,认为生物累积性小、降解能力强、对人体健康及生态环境友好的短氟碳链表面活性剂将是未来研究的重点。同时,提出利用氟碳表面活性剂疏水疏油的特性将页岩储层表面由液湿性反转为气湿性的理论研究将会成为提高页岩气采收率的新思路和新方法。     

含氟表面活性剂的结构、特性及应用研究

含氟表面活性剂是特种表面活性剂的一类。与传统的表面活性剂相比，由于其具有高表面活性，优良的耐热性和化学稳定性以及卓越的憎水、憎油性能和防污功能，因此含氟表面活性剂已经广泛应用于各个工业领域及家庭用品领域等。本文对含氟表面活性剂的分类结构、特性及应用领域进行简单综述。     

氟碳表面活性剂在消防领域中的应用

分析了氟碳表面活性剂的结构和性能特点;讲解了氟蛋白泡沫灭火剂、轻水泡沫灭火剂和凝胶型抗溶剂泡沫灭火剂的基本组成、性能特点和在消防领域中的应用场合等;最后指出在研发过程中科学工作者必须考虑氟碳表面活性剂对人类身体和环境可能产生的危害.     

An Analytically Defined Fire‐Suppressing Foam Formulation for Evaluation of Fluorosurfactant Replacement

A 4‐component, analytically defined, reference fluorosurfactant formulation (Ref‐aqueous film forming foam [AFFF]) composed of 0.3% fluorocarbon‐surfactant concentrate (Capstone 1157), 0.2% hydrocarbon‐surfactant concentrate (Glucopon 215 UP), and 0.5% diethylene glycol mono butyl ether by volume in distilled water was found to have rapid fire extinction comparable to a commercial AFFF in tests conducted on a bench scale and a large scale (28 ft², part of US Military Specification, MIL‐F‐24385F). The Ref‐AFFF was analytically characterized to provide the identity and quantity of the chemical structures of the surfactant molecules that were lacking for commercial AFFF formulations. To arrive at an acceptable Ref‐AFFF formulation, 3 candidate formulations containing different hydrocarbon surfactants in varying amounts were evaluated and ranked relative to a commercial AFFF using a bench‐scale fire‐extinction apparatus; varying the hydrocarbon surfactant was found to affect the fire‐extinction time. The ranking was confirmed by the large‐scale tests suggesting that the bench‐scale apparatus is a reasonable research tool for identifying surfactants likely to succeed in the large‐scale test. In the future, replacing the fluorocarbon surfactant with an alternative surfactant in the Ref‐AFFF enables a direct comparison of fire extinction and environmental impact to identify an acceptable fluorine‐free formulation.     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂（Ⅰ）——含氟表面活性剂的研究进展与发展趋势

简要介绍了含氟表面活性剂的结构、性质和分类,详细阐述了目前工业生产含氟表面活性剂的3种合成方法以及各种方法的优缺点,最后讨论了含氟表面活性剂在石油工业、消防和生物医药等领域的应用现状,并展望了其研究开发方向及发展趋势.     

氟碳表面活性剂的应用研究进展

论述了氟碳表面活性剂的化学结构及性能,重点介绍了一般的碳氢表面活性剂难以胜任的应用领域,并分析了国内氟碳表面活性剂行业的现状及存在的问题,对其研究方向进行了展望.     

Synergistic solubilization of decafluorobiphenyl by micelles of fluorocarbon surfactants

Solubilization of decafluorobiphenyl (FBIP) by surfactants in aqueous solution was examined to investigate the properties of micelles composed of surfactants having a per-fluorocarbon chain. Fluorocarbon surfactants solubilize FBIP better than hydrocarbon surfactants. Significant solubilization by fluorocarbon surfactants was observed upon addition of salt. Highly synergistic solubilization of FBIP using surfactant mixtures was also observed for fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants in the presence of salt. The high solubilization ability of surfactants can be attributed to micelle growth. A simple geometrical consideration of molecular packing in micelles revealed that the characteristic micelle is composed of bulky fluorocarbon chains. The solubilization behavior accompanied by micelle growth would be closely associated with a change in interfacial contact area between the micelle core and bulk water. The behavior of fluorescence intensity of micelle-solubilized FBIP also indicated a change in micropolarity of fluorocarbon micelles accompanied by micelle growth.     

Study on aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent based on fluorocarbon cationic–hydrocarbon anionic surfactants mixture system

Fluorocarbon surfactants were the main components of aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents (AFFF). Unfortunately, the widely used fluorocarbon surfactant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was limited due to its toxicity, bioaccumulation and biodegradability. In this paper, an environmentally friendly quaternary ammonium cationic fluorocarbon surfactant with high surface activity and simple synthesis route was reported. The surface performance and aggregation behavior of the mixed solution of this fluorocarbon surfactant and sodium n-octyl sulfate were studied by means of surface tension meter and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the synergistic effect of sodium n-octyl sulfate and this fluorocarbon surfactant was significant, and many vesicles could be observed in the mixed solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L under TEM. Subsequently, three environmental friendly AFFF formulations (F-1, F-2, F-3) were designed with the mixture of the fluorocarbon surfactant, sodium n-octyl sulfate and lauryl betaine BS-12 as foaming agent. Through its foam performance test, it could be seen that F-3 showed relatively excellent foam performance. The initial foam height h₀ was 70 mm, the 25% drainage time was 315 s, the extinguishing time was 28 s, and the burn-back time was 720 s. This kind of fire extinguishing agent had the potential of fire protection application.     

Fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon interactions in interfacial and micellar systems

The interactions of fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons in liquid mixtures are known to be highly nonideal. Recent research has indicated that the unusual characteristics of such interactions have a significant influence on the behavior of many interfacial and micellar systems in which such interactions occur. Results from several different studies are presented. These involve (a) properties of partially fluorinated surfactants and lipids, including comments on the use of fluorine substituted groups as spectroscopic probes; (b) surface tensions of nonideal mixtures of liquid fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons and their interfacial tensions against water; (c) adsorptions of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants to air/water, hexane/water, and perfluorohexane/water interfaces and a comparison of relative affinities; (d) formation of mixed micelles of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants and evidence of partial miscibility of micelles; (e) comparison of adsorption of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants to graphon; and (f) comparison of wetting of hydrocarbon-like solids by aqueous solutions of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants.     

双尾及多尾氟表面活性剂在有机溶剂中的表面活性研究

拟通过增加油溶性氟表面活性剂分子中碳氟链的数目,从而增大有机溶剂表面吸附层的碳氟链密度,以提高其降低有机溶剂表面张力的能力。合成了2个系列的氟表面活性剂:将全氟辛基磺酰氟与二胺(NH_2(CH_2)nNH_2,n=2,3,6,10)反应,合成以磺酰胺键为连接基、分子中含有2个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂;通过全氟辛酸与多元醇(乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和季戊四醇)反应,合成以酯键为连接基、分子中分别含有2,3和4个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂。研究了这2个系列氟表面活性剂在乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丁酮以及乙醇-乙酸乙酯-丁酮三元混合溶剂中的表面活性,考察了氟表面活性剂分子结构、溶剂种类对表面活性的影响。结果显示,单纯增加碳氟链数目与降低表面张力之间不具有必然的依赖关系,分子整体构型也很重要,同时有机溶剂的种类对氟表面活性剂溶液的表面张力有显著影响。