Q235低碳钢等离子体电解硼碳共渗处理及性能分析

采用液相等离子体电解渗方法对Q235低碳钢进行硼碳共渗(PEB/C)处理,研究了Q235低碳钢表面硼碳共渗层的形貌、结构和显微硬度。评估了PEB/C处理前后Q235钢的电化学腐蚀性能,以及以GCr15钢球作为摩擦副在不同载荷条件下PEB/C渗层的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明,经过PEB/C处理后(330V/30min),形成厚度约为20μm并主要由Fe2B相组成的渗硼层。PEB/C处理轻微提高了Q235钢的耐腐蚀性能,但明显降低了Q235低碳钢与GCr15钢球对磨的摩擦因数和磨损率。当载荷为5N时,PEB/C样品的摩擦因数和磨损率分别是Q235钢基体的1/4和1/59。     

低碳钢液相等离子体电解硼碳共渗层生长特性研究

在含有硼砂和甘油的电解液中对Q235低碳钢表面进行液相等离子体电解硼碳二元共渗(PEB/C)处理,研究不同时间条件下PEB/C共渗层的组织形貌,着重探讨了PEB/C二元共渗过程中电解质的分解反应和渗硼层快速生长机理。结果表明,在330V电压条件下,经过6min PEB/C处理后,在样品表面开始生成不连续的岛状硼化物;而经过30min PEB/C处理后,可以形成主要由Fe2B相组成的均匀致密的渗硼层,渗硼层的硬度可以达到1 800HV,厚度约为20μm。PEB/C共渗样品渗硼层的生长过程主要包括共渗初期阶段、生成岛状硼化物阶段和渗硼层均匀生长阶段。     

钛合金表面等离子体电解氮碳共渗的研究

在含有硝酸铵、甘油、乙醇的水溶液中,利用等离子体电解渗入技术在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面制备了氮碳共渗层.利用SEM、XRD、GDS以及显微硬度计分析了渗层的形貌、成分、组织和显微硬度,探讨了渗层形成的机理和过程.结果表明:(1)以300V的电压经45min处理制备的渗层总厚度约为100μm,其中化合物层约为20μm,主要由Ti(C,N)相组成;(2)渗层最高显微硬度超过2000HK0.0025.等离子体电解渗入技术可以较快地在钛合金表面制备出厚度大、硬度高的氮碳共渗层.     

12Cr13马氏体不锈钢B/C化学热处理的研究

研究了固体硼碳共渗及复合渗技术工艺参数对12Cr13马氏体不锈钢的组织和性能的影响。共渗方面对12Cr13钢进行不同硼碳比例的固体硼碳共渗热处理;复合渗方面对12Cr13马氏体不锈钢先进行固体渗碳,然后再进行渗硼处理,得出最优的复合渗参数。对最优参数下的共渗及复合渗12Cr13马氏体不锈钢试样进行显微硬度、XRD物相结构、电化学下耐腐蚀和摩擦磨损性能检测分析。结果表明：共渗温度950℃、共渗6 h条件下,硼碳共渗最优渗剂硼碳比为6∶4;化学渗6 h条件下,硼碳复合渗最优参数为950℃渗碳,950℃渗硼;硼碳共渗和复合渗试件经过最终热处理(淬火+低温回火)后,表层组织硬度最高可达1 507.3 HV_{0.98 N},心部硬度为420.6 HV_{0.98 N},最优参数下硼碳共渗及复合渗渗层厚度分别为976μm和1 125μm;电化学测试表明硼碳共渗和硼碳复合渗处理后材料的耐蚀性有所提高,共渗腐蚀电位为-0.578 V,复合渗为-0.582 V。磨损试验显示硼碳共渗和硼碳复合渗后经化学热处理可以显著提高12Cr13马氏体不锈钢的耐磨性能。     

包埋法制备Zn-Ni渗层的结构及摩擦学行为研究

为了改善45钢表面摩擦磨损性能,采用粉末包埋法,在45钢表面制备出Zn-Ni渗层.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪研究了Zn-Ni渗层的厚度、显微形貌、物相组成和元素分布,采用显微维氏硬度计测定渗层的硬度,并通过多功能材料表面性能测试仪测试渗层与3种不同对摩球GCr15、Al2O3、Si3N4之间在不同正压力下的摩擦磨损性能.结果 表明:Zn-Ni渗层的厚度约为98 μm;渗层物相组成主要为FeZn10.98和FeZn8.87;Zn-Ni渗层截面硬度范围为358～615 HV0.98N;Zn-Ni渗层在往复摩擦试验中,与GCr15对摩球进行往复摩擦时主要是黏着磨损和磨粒磨损,与Al2O3对摩球进行往复摩擦时主要是磨粒磨损,与Si3N4对摩球进行往复摩擦时主要是摩擦化学过程.     

齿轮用钢稀土碳氮共渗层摩擦学性能研究

研究了稀土元素对齿轮钢碳氮共渗过程及其摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表面:稀土对齿轮钢碳氮共渗过程有明显的催渗作用;稀土在碳氮共渗中渗入钢表面起微合金化作用改善了渗层组织;稀土碳氮共渗处理后的抗干磨损性能及抗滑动磨损性能均明显优于普通碳氮共渗处理.     

QPQ盐浴复合处理对50钢耐磨性的影响

目前,对50钢采用QPQ盐浴复合处理后的研究报道不多,对其在冲击载荷下的摩擦磨损研究更为鲜见。用QPQ技术于570℃下对50钢氮碳共渗2 h,再于温度370℃下氧化20 min,利用SEM、显微硬度仪、X射线衍射仪和摩擦磨损试验机分别对QPQ渗层的显微组织、显微硬度、化学成分和耐磨性进行了研究。结果表明:QPQ渗层表面平整,渗层由外到内依次为氧化膜、疏松层、化合物层和扩散层;QPQ处理后试样的表面硬度为520HV1 N,在QPQ处理过程中,由于N元素的不断渗入,钢的表面形成Fe2~3N和Fe4N相;经QPQ处理的试样在干摩擦、油润滑和存在冲击载荷的情况下,摩擦系数和磨损量均分别有不同程度的减小,摩擦系数最高减少了33%,最小磨损量仅为调质态试样的7.7%。     

H13钢双保温固体渗硼高温磨损机理

研究了H13钢高能喷丸辅助双保温固体渗硼试样和未渗硼试样的高温摩擦磨损性能,并探讨了磨损机理。结果表明,高能喷丸辅助双保温固体渗硼后的试样得到Fe2B单相渗硼层,高能喷丸能显著提高固体渗硼效率;渗硼试样的高温磨损率比未渗硼试样降低了30%,表明渗硼提高了H13钢的高温耐磨损性能。渗硼和未渗硼试样高温摩擦磨损后磨损表面均形成了氧化层,氧化物为Fe2O3。渗硼层在高温下具有较高的硬度及良好的抗氧化性,因此渗硼试样的高温磨损机理主要是渗硼层的疲劳剥落和氧化磨损,而未渗硼试样的高温磨损机理主要为氧化磨损和磨粒磨损协同机制。     

Q235钢表面双层辉光离子强化层摩擦磨损性能

在真空容器中,设置提供含有欲渗合金元素Mo,Cr的供给源和被渗Q235钢试样,利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术,在试样表面进行Mo-Cr共渗,之后经渗碳、淬火及回火复合处理形成强化层.Mo-Cr共渗层厚度在100μm以上,表面Mo含量可达20%(质量分数,下同),Cr含量达到10%.复合处理后表面硬度达到1300HV0.025.M-200磨损试验机磨损实验表明,摩擦因数平均在0.1左右,平均相对耐磨性是GCr15钢经渗碳、淬火及回火后的2.25倍.     

碳氮马氏体和含氮马氏体在回火过程中的硬度变化

测试了20Cr2Ni4A钢820C碳氮共渗层中的碳氮马氏体低温回火时的硬度变化和工业纯铁经680C氮碳共渗后渗层中的含氮马氏体回火过程中显微硬度的变化。     

QPQ盐浴复合处理技术对3Cr2W8V钢组织和性能的影响

QPQ盐浴复合处理是一种新的金属盐浴表面强化改性技术,将QPQ技术应用干3Cr2W8V钢,利用OM、SEM、显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、高温摩擦磨损试验机和电化学工作站分别对QPQ渗层的显微组织、化学成分、显微硬度,物相,耐磨性和耐蚀性进行了分析研究.结果表明,QPQ渗层表面平整,当盐浴氮碳共渗时间一定时,随着氮碳共渗盐...     

Fabrication of a nanocrystalline Cr–C layer with excellent anti-wear performance

Nanocrystalline Cr–C layers with excellent anti-wear performance were prepared by electrodeposition in Cr³⁺ bath and subsequent annealing. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the crystalline structure of the Cr–C layer changed from amorphous to nanocrystalline when the annealing was conducted. The hardness, Young's modulus and wear rate of the Cr–C layer were measured. The results indicate that the 400 °C-annealed nanocrystalline Cr–C layer exhibits a high ratio of hardness to Young's modulus and excellent wear resistance. The excellent wear resistance can be attributed to the proper compromising of hardness and toughness. The friction tests reveal that the friction coefficient depends on the Young's modulus and the counterpart. Comparing wear with friction, no obvious connection can be found between them.     

Microstructure and properties of composite (B + C) diffusion layers on low-carbon steel

Combined surface hardening with boron and carbon was used for low-carbon 5120 steel. The microstructure, carbon profiles and chosen properties of borided layers produced on the carburized 5120 steel have been examined. These composite (B + C) layers are termed borocarburized layers. The microhardness profiles and wear resistance of these layers have been studied. In the microstructure of the borocarburized layer two zones have been observed: iron borides (FeB + Fe₂B) and a carburized layer. It has been found the depth (100–125 m) and microhardness (1500–1900 HV) of iron borides zone. The carbon content (0.83–1.46 wt pct) and microhardness (950 HV) beneath iron borides zone have been determined. The microhardness gradient in borocarburized layer has been reduced in comparison with the only borided layer. An increase of distance from the surface is accompanied by a decrease of carbon content and microhardness in the carburized zone. The carbon and microhardness profiles of borided, carburized and borocarburized layers have been presented. A positive influence of composite layers (B + C) on the wear resistance was determined. The wear resistance of the borocarburized layer was determined to be greater in comparison with that for only borided or only carburized layers.     

Evaluation of the effects of plasma nitriding temperature and time on the characterisation of Ti 6Al 4V alloy

The effects of plasma nitriding (PN) temperature and time on the structural and tribological characterisation of Ti 6Al 4V alloy were investigated. PN processes under gas mixture of N₂/H₂ = 4 were performed at temperatures of 700, 750, 800 and 850 °C for duration of 2, 5 and 10 h. Cross section and surface characterisation were evaluated by means of SEM, AFM, XRD and microhardness test techniques. Dry wear tests were performed using a pin on disc machine. Mass loss and coefficient of friction were measured during the wear tests. Three distinguished structures including of a compound layer (constituted of δ-TiN and ɛ-Ti₂N), an aluminium-rich region and a diffusion zone (interstitial solid solution of nitrogen in titanium) were detected at the surface of plasma nitrided Ti 6Al 4V alloy. These structures increased surface hardness of Ti 6Al 4V alloy significantly and gradually distributed the hardness from the surface to the substrate. The "surface hardness", "surface roughness", "wear resistance" and "coefficient of friction" of the alloy were increased due to plasma nitriding process. Moreover, rising both process temperature and time led to increasing of "layers thicknesses", "surface hardness", "surface roughness", "dynamic load-ability" and "wear resistance" of Ti 6Al 4V alloy.     

Microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Ti(C, N)/a-C gradient composite films

Ti(C, N)/a-C composite films with compositional gradient from Ti-TiN-Ti(C, N) to Ti-containing a-C layers have been prepared by closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Within the composite films, the carbon contents gradually increase and achieve maximum in the a-C layer by increasing the power applied to the graphite targets, the nitrogen contents gradually decrease to zero from Ti(C, N) layer of the interface to a-C layer of the films. In order to achieve a good combination of the mechanical and tribological properties in the composite films, a designed experimental parameter basing on various substrate rotation speeds is also selected. Results show that the compositional gradient result in the microstructure change of composite films where the Ti(C, N) layers consist of fine nanocolumnar Ti(C, N) grains and the a-C layers consist of 2-7 nm TiC nanocrystallites embedded in an amorphous C matrix. The Ti(C, N) layers also exhibit clear multilayer structure where the period thickness gradually decreases as substrate rotation speed increases. Under higher rotation speed, disappearance of the multilayer structure is accompanied with simultaneous increase in the crystallinity of Ti(C, N) layer and also the Ti(C, N) grain size. In the a-C layer, the TiC nanocrystallites embedded in the a-C matrix is produced by the high rotation speeds. The Ti(C, N)/a-C gradient composite films exhibit high microhardness values (~5000 H_V) and low friction coefficient (~ 0.15), which is related to the hard Ti(C, N) layer and self-lubricate a-C layer, respectively. The combination of the Ti(C, N) layer with a-C layer increases the load and the wear resistance capacity of the composite films, which gives satisfactory friction performance in the pin-on-disk tests with a wear rate of 3.7 × 10^− 17 m³/mN.     

Interfacial structure and mechanical properties of surface iron–nickel alloying layer in pure iron fabricated by surface mechanical attrition alloy treatment

By surface mechanical attrition alloy treatment (SMAAT) and subsequent low temperature anneal treatment, a refined Fe/Ni alloy surface layer, about 50 μm in length, was fabricated on a pure iron plate. Micro-hardness and the friction and wear behavior of alloy surface layers were studied in comparison with those of their SMATed-only nanocrystallization counterpart. The interface microstructure indicated that the nickel powders had been permeated and welded into the pure iron surface in some localized regions by plastic deformation. The SMAAT process includes impacting with high strain velocity, grain refinement and synchronous diffusion. Atomic diffusion has been accelerated by the generation of high density defects through severe plastic deformation. Quick formation of the Fe/Ni intermetallic and solid solution phase alloy layer during SMAAT can be detected. Subsequent annealing treatment further accelerates the diffusion of Ni and Fe elements and leads to the formation of alloy phases. The results of friction and wear tests show that the properties of the alloy layer were remarkably improved. The main reason for this result may originate from its microstructures, i.e. an alloy layer with smaller grains, which reduces the effect of fatigue wear.     

渗剂中铝粉含量对Cu基Ni镀层表面Cr-Al渗层组织和性能的影响

为了提高铜金属表面硬度和耐磨性,在铜表面预先镀镍,然后对镍镀层进行渗cr,Al,制备Cr-Al渗层.研究了渗剂中铝粉含量对其微观组织、显微硬度和耐磨性的影响.结果表明:当渗剂中铝粉含量在5%～20%(质量分数,下同)范围,渗层组织为Ni(Cr,Al)固溶体,晶面(200)出现明显的择优生长,显微硬度从HV170增加到H...     

Y_2O_3含量对38CrMoAl钢表面激光合金化WC/Ni金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响

采用激光合金化技术,在38CrMoAl钢表面制备不同Y_2O_3含量的WC/Ni合金化层。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机,系统研究合金化层的相组成、显微组织、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能随Y_2O_3含量的变化规律。结果表明:不同Y_2O_3含量的合金化层皆是由γ-(Fe,Ni)、基体马氏体、M3C及WC相组成,其中纳米WC颗粒主要分布在合金化层上部的枝晶间,而微米WC颗粒则分布于合金化层底部边缘区,且在颗粒边缘形成有明显的外延生长层。随着Y_2O_3含量的增加,具有亚共晶形貌特征的凝固组织逐渐细化,γ-(Fe,Ni)和M3C数量增多,基体马氏体数量略有减少。但当Y_2O_3含量(质量分数,下同)超过1.0%时,凝固组织开始有所粗化。随Y_2O_3含量增加,合金化层硬度呈先增后降、摩擦因数和磨损失重呈先减后增的变化趋势。当Y_2O_3含量为1.0%时,合金化层硬度(781HV0.2)最高,为基体的2.4倍;摩擦因数和磨损失重最小,分别为基体的17%和8.9%。     

激光淬火后Cr12MoV渗铬层的摩擦与磨损性能EI北大核心CSCD

利用激光对Cr12MoV冷作模具钢盐浴渗铬后进行表面激光淬火处理,通过SEM扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析渗铬层组织结构和物相组成,考察渗铬层摩擦因数与磨损性能,对磨损机理进行讨论。结果表明:渗铬层厚度约为20μm,Cr含量呈梯度分布,在渗铬层中形成富集层;渗铬层物相由CrC_3,CrC_2,(Fe,Cr)_2C_3和Cr组成,经渗铬+激光淬火后渗铬层表面形成致密Cr_2O_3膜;渗铬层-基体为冶金+机械结合方式,经渗铬+激光淬火后冶金结合能力增强;用SiC陶瓷球为对磨件进行干摩擦磨损实验,经渗铬+激光淬火后渗铬层平均摩擦因数为0.5795,比原始状态和渗铬处理分别降低了40.9%和19.2%,减少了黏着磨损,磨损形式为磨料磨损,淬硬层和硬质相是提高磨损性能的主要机制。     

SiC含量对激光熔覆SiC/Ni60A复合涂层显微组织和耐磨性能的影响

利用LDM2500-60半导体激光器在45#钢板上制备SiC颗粒增强Ni60A合金激光熔覆涂层,系统研究SiC含量对涂层的显微组织、稀释率、耐磨性、摩擦因数和显微硬度的作用规律。结果表明:随着SiC含量增加,熔覆表层的微观组织细化,稀释率、耐磨性、摩擦因数和硬度均先增加后降低;当SiC含量为20%(质量分数,下同)时,熔覆层的耐磨性能最佳,磨损量仅为0.0012g,为基体磨损量的1/36.3;摩擦因数最小为0.464,且磨损过程最为平稳;熔覆层平均硬度值最高,达到1039.9HV0.2,为基体的3.5倍;但当SiC含量达到25%时,熔覆层的显微硬度与耐磨性能反而下降。