初生α相含量对TC18时效组织及力学性能的影响

目的 探究TC18合金中初生α相含量对时效后次生α片层形貌及力学性能的影响.方法 通过改变两相区固溶温度控制初生 α 相含量,观察固溶后合金元素分布及相同时效后合金的组织形貌,研究固溶温度对合金拉伸性能的影响.结果 固溶过程中发生元素再分配,固溶温度低,初生α相含量高,β基体中β稳定元素含量高,β基体稳定性强,抑制时效过程中次生α片层析出,时效强化效果弱.固溶温度高,β基体稳定性弱,促进时效过程中次生α片层析出,时效强化效果显著.结论 固溶温度升高,初生α相比例降低,即β基体稳定性降低,促使时效过程中大量次生α相析出,显著提高合金强度.     

固溶温度对亚稳β钛合金Ti-4Mo-6Cr-3Al-2Sn的组织和拉伸性能的影响

对自主设计的新型亚稳β钛合金Ti-4Mo-6Cr-3Al-2Sn(%,质量分数)在不同温度进行固溶和固溶时效处理,观察其显微组织和测试室温拉伸性能。结果表明：随着固溶温度的提高固溶态组织中的初生α相减少,当固溶温度高于相变点后初生α相完全消失,几乎全部为明显长大的粗大β晶粒。固溶温度为900℃的固溶态合金具有良好的强度和塑性匹配,屈服强度为898.7 MPa、抗拉强度为962.5 MPa、断裂伸长率为12.7%。在不同温度固溶处理的时效态合金,均析出了细小的次生α相。固溶温度低于相变点时,在初生α相间析出的细小次生α相呈60°或者平行交错排列;固溶温度高于相变点时初生α相几乎完全消失,随着固溶温度的提高析出的次生α相片层间距变大并粗化。在所有固溶温度下,时效态组织中沿原始β晶界处均析出了连续的晶界α相,合金的塑性均较差。经过750℃/0.5 h固溶和500℃/4 h时效的合金具有良好的强度和塑性匹配,其抗拉强度为1282 MPa,屈服强度为1210.6 MPa,断裂伸长率为5.3%。     

固溶时效对铸造Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al钛合金组织和性能的影响

铸造Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al钛合金为魏氏组织,经固溶时效后,合金组织由晶界α相、初生α相、次生α相及β相组成,其分布特征与固溶温度、冷却速度及时效温度密切相关,合金的拉伸性能随热处理制度变化而变化。     

固溶温度对VAR制备传感器用Ti-6Ni-3Mo-1Sn合金组织和力学性能的影响

对真空自耗电极电弧熔炼制备的传感器用Ti-6Ni-3Mo-1Sn合金进行热处理,先经过不同温度的固溶处理在经过500℃时效处理4 h,通过实验测试手段研究固溶温度对固溶态和时效态合金组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:固溶温度700℃时,在固溶态合金晶粒中产生了大量初生α相。随着固溶温度增加,形成了更大的β晶粒。以更高温度处理后固溶态合金获得更大拉伸强度以及屈服强度,而伸长率表现为先升高再减小。经过时效处理的时效态合金晶粒中产生了许多弥散态的细小α相。以700℃固溶处理后,形成了初生α相,在残余β相内产生更多β稳定元素。随着固溶温度增加,时效态Ti-6Ni-3Mo-1Sn合金的拉伸强度,屈服强度及伸长率均表现出先增加后减小,最大值发生在固溶温度700℃时,分别为1268,1192 MPa, 5.62%。在低于700℃固溶时效处理后的试样断口区域形成许多尺寸差异较大微孔,呈现脆性断裂特点。     

Ti3Al合金中α2相的比例及分布特征对其力学性能的影响

目的 优化Ti3Al合金的塑性,促进此类合金的应用。方法 采用扫描电镜及分离式霍普金森压杆系统对Ti3Al合金中α2相的比例、形状及尺寸等微观组织进行观察及动态力学性能的测试,并分析了组织变化对其动态力学性能的影响及影响机理。结果 经固溶热处理后,Ti-24Al-14Nb合金中初生α2相的相比例从47.5%增加到56.8%,α2相板条逐渐长大、变宽;固溶+时效热处理后,合金中鱼鳞状的初生α2相向板条集束状的α2相转变,粗大的初生α2相板条间析出大量细小的针叶状次生α2相。B2相中Al元素含量的下降,Al元素与B2相的固溶强化作用减弱,导致B2相的强度下降,塑性提高。同时微观组织细化,会增加合金中α2相和B2相在压缩变形过程的变形协调性,使得合金塑性明显提高。结论 固溶时效可以改善和提升Ti3Al合金的塑性。     

Ti-55531钛合金室温强-塑-韧匹配化热处理工艺研究

目的 采用Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Zr(Ti-55531)钛合金,研究了不同热处理工艺条件下室温强-塑-韧性能的匹配关系,为满足不同强度、断裂延伸率、断裂韧度综合服役性能要求提供热处理工艺参考。方法 在单相区固溶+时效、双相区固溶+时效2种制度下进行了热处理试验,分析了不同单相区固溶冷却方式(空冷、炉冷)和时效温度、双相区固溶温度等条件下的室温拉伸性能(抗拉强度σb、断裂延伸率A)和断裂韧度KIC,揭示了Ti-55531钛合金室温强度、塑性、断裂韧度的匹配关系。结果 经单相区固溶+空冷+时效处理得到了细片层状次生αs相,随时效温度的升高,αs相尺寸增大,抗拉强度降低,延伸率和断裂韧度升高;经单相区固溶+炉冷+时效处理得到了较粗的α片层,随时效温度从500 ℃升高至600 ℃,α片层尺寸增大,抗拉强度降低,延伸率和断裂韧度升高,但呈现出较高的脆性;随着双相区固溶温度的升高,初生αp相尺寸显著降低,促进后续时效处理过程中析出了更细小的次生αs相,提高了强度,降低了延伸率和断裂韧度。结论 得到了2种能够实现良好强-塑-韧性能匹配的热处理工艺路线:1)850 ℃/1 h固溶后炉冷至600 ℃保温8 h,可得到片层组织以及较高的断裂韧度(KIC=110.01 MPa.m^1/2)、良好的强度(σb=1 111 MPa)和断裂延伸率(A=9.69%);2)810 ℃固溶+空冷+600 ℃/3 h时效,可得到初生αp+次生αs相的双态组织,实现了高强度(σb=1 287 MPa)和高断裂延伸率(A=12.76%),同时断裂韧度达到60.4 MPa.m^1/2。     

热处理工艺对Ti6246钛合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了热处理温度和冷却方式对Ti6246合金显微组织、相组成以及室温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:固溶热处理后合金的相组成主要与冷却方式有关。在β单相区及(α+β)两相区固溶后水冷,β相均转化为α′′马氏体和少量亚稳β相。空冷组织中的β相转变为含有少量次生α相的β转变组织,随着热处理温度的提高次生α相的含量逐渐增加,尺寸也逐渐增大。时效后组织中的亚稳相发生分解,析出细小的次生α相。固溶后水冷试样的拉伸曲线上出现"双屈服"现象,且随着固溶温度的提高合金第一屈服点逐渐升高。水淬和空冷合金试样在595℃/8 h时效后其室温拉伸强度提高,延伸率及断面收缩率降低,水淬试样室温拉伸性能的变化更大。固溶后空冷且在595℃时效处理的合金,其室温拉伸性能可达到较好的强塑性匹配。     

热处理对Ti-6Al-2.5V-1.5Fe-0.15O合金组织及力学性能的影响

以真空非自耗电弧炉制备的低成本Ti-6Al-2.5V-1.5Fe-0.15O合金为对象,研究了不同冷却速率下固溶及时效温度对合金组织及性能的影响,发现固溶温度主要影响初生α相的含量.固溶冷却方式影响α的类型.单相区固溶时,初生α相消失,β晶粒内出现α片层集束,固溶淬火组织主要由残余未转变的β相以及针状的α';随着固溶温度的升高,针状马氏体α'相增多;两相区固溶后,时效组织均有固溶时产生的α相、时效α相以及残留的β相.时效温度较低时,α相形核能较低,元素扩散困难,需借助过饱和β相析出弥散相形核,因而针状α相细小而弥散;时效温度升高,α相形核以及长大驱动力大,时效α相易长大变粗.经固溶时效处理,合金强度随着温度升高先小幅升高后显著降低,塑性先增大后因晶界粗化以及粗片状α集束而降低.     

不同热处理工艺对TC4-DT钛合金棒材组织和性能的影响

研究了不同热处理工艺对TC4-DT钛合金棒材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:TC4-DT合金在两相区经过普通退火和再结晶退火后组织发生再结晶,α相尺寸有所增大,具有较好的塑性。经过两相区固溶+时效处理得到双态组织,通过控制固溶时冷却速度及时效温度来调整次生α片层厚度,使得合金强度和断裂韧性得到改善。经单相区固溶水冷得到马氏体组织,随时效温度提高,α片层厚度增加,但析出的次生α相含量减少,导致合金的强度和断裂韧性有所下降。而在单相区固溶空冷+高温时效处理,获得的α片层厚度进一步增大,有助于提高塑性和断裂韧性。采用950℃/1h/WQ+550℃/6h/AC两相区固溶+时效的热处理工艺,可实现合金强度、塑性、韧性的较好匹配,获得优良的综合性能。     

固溶温度对Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al钛合金棒材组织和性能的影响规律

研究了固溶温度对Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al钛合金棒材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,钛合金固溶处理温度在相变点以下,空冷后,显微组织由β相、初生α相以及次生α相组成。随着固溶温度的升高,显微组织中β相晶粒尺寸增大,晶界α相厚度减小,产生有序化现象,而次生α相数量和尺寸减小,使合金的强度降低,塑性升高,但固溶处理温度为800℃时,网状晶界α相使塑性迅速下降;当固溶处理温度在相变点以上,Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al钛合金重新形核并长大,随着固溶温度的升高,β相晶粒尺寸增大,初生α相数量减少,强度和塑性都下降,过冷β相晶粒发生应力诱发马氏体现象。     

Dependence of mechanical properties on the microstructure characteristics of a near β titanium alloy Ti-7333

In this work, the microstructure and the corresponding tensile properties of the rolled Ti-7Mo-3Nb-3Cr-3Al(Ti-7333) alloy before and after the thermal treatments were investigated. The results show that a strong α-fiber texture is developed in the rolled Ti-7333 alloy. The deformed matrix and the texture significantly induce the variant selection of β phase. The high strength of the rolled Ti-7333 alloy is attributed to the 110 texture parallel to the tensile direction and the dispersed α phase within the matrix. After the solution treatment followed by the aging treatment, the texture decreases and the microstructure consists of the equiaxed β grains, the spheroidal α_p phase and various needle-like α variants. Eventually, the alloy could achieve an optimal combination with the strength of about 1450 MPa,the ductility of about 10.5% and a considerable shear strength of about 775 MPa. This balance can be ascribed to the performance of the spheroidal α_p phase and various needle-like α_s variants. The results indicate that the Ti-7333 alloy could be a promising candidate material for the high-strength fastener.     

固溶温度对Ti-4Al-6Mo-2V-5Cr-2Zr钛合金的组织和拉伸性能的影响

研究了固溶温度对一种亚稳β钛合金(Ti-4Al-6Mo-2V-5Cr-2Zr)的锻态组织和室温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,固溶温度低于相变点时大量的α相在β基体中析出并聚集在滑移带附近,随着固溶温度接近相变点α相的数量减少且部分滑移带消失。固溶温度高于相变点时显微组织为单一的β相且滑移带完全消失,随着固溶温度继续升高β晶粒聚集且长大。这种合金经750℃×1 h固溶处理后达到良好的强度塑性匹配,气抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为957 MPa、887 MPa和11.7%。     

Influence of solution treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of a near β titanium alloy Ti-7333

The effect of solution treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-7333, a newly developed near β titanium alloy, was investigated. Compared to Ti-5553 and Ti-1023, Ti-7333 possesses the slowest α to β dissolution rate, allowing a wider temperature window for processing. The rate of β grain growth decreases with the increase of soaking time and increases with the increase of solution temperature. The β grain growth exponents (n) are 0.30, 0.31, 0.32 and 0.33 for solution treatment temperature of 860 °C, 910 °C, 960 °C and 1010 °C, respectively. The activation energy (Q_g) for β grain growth is 395.6 kJ/mol. Water cooling or air cooling after solution treatment have no significant influence on microstructure, which offers large heat treatment cooling window. However, under furnace cooling, the fraction of α phase increases sharply. α phase maintains strictly the Burgers orientation relation with β phase ({0 0 0 1}_α//{1 1 0}_β and 〈1 1 −2 0〉_α//〈1 1 1〉_β), except the α_p particles formed during forging. The tensile strength decreases with the increase of the solution temperature when only solution treatment is applied, whereas the ductility increases gradually. When aging is applied subsequently, the tensile strength increases with the increase of the solution temperature and the ductility decreases gradually.     

热处理对Ti-6Mo-5V-3Al-2Fe-2Zr合金拉伸性能的影响

研究了固溶+单级时效处理、固溶+双级时效处理、固溶+随炉冷却处理对新型亚稳β钛合金Ti-6Mo-5V-3Al-2Fe-2Zr的显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：与固溶+单级时效处理相比,固溶+双级时效处理析出的晶内次生α相间距减小和体积分数增大而使合金的强度提高。两种热处理都使合金中生成连续的晶界α相,导致合金的塑性降低;与上述两种热处理相比,固溶+随炉冷却处理使合金中析出的晶内次生α相的间距明显减小且沿晶界生成向晶内生长的α_wgb相,使合金的强度和塑性显著提高,其抗拉强度达到1421 MPa,断后伸长率为7.7%;与次生α相的体积分数相比,其间距是影响合金强度的主要因素。随着次生α相间距的减小,合金的强度提高。     

基于α'组织设计适于激光立体成形的新型高塑性Ti-4.13Al-9.36V合金

为了提高Ti-6Al-4V合金的加工硬化率和塑性,基于其团簇成分式12[Al-Ti₁₂](AlTi₂)+5[Al-Ti₁₄](V₂Ti)设计成分式为4[Al-Ti₁₂](AlTi₂)+12[Al-Ti₁₄](V₂Ti)的(Ti-4.13Al-9.36V, %)合金,采用激光立体成形工艺制备Ti-4.13Al-9.36V和Ti-6.05Al-3.94V(对比合金),研究了沉积态和固溶温度对其显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,沉积态Ti-4.13Al-9.36V和Ti-6.05Al-3.94V合金的显微组织均由基体外延生长的初生β柱状晶和晶内细小的网篮α板条组成。Ti-6.05Al-3.94V合金的初生β柱状晶的宽度约为770 μm,α板条的宽度约为0.71 μm;而Ti-4.13Al-9.36V合金的初生β柱状晶的宽度显著减小到606 μm,α板条的宽度约为0.48 μm。经920℃固溶-淬火处理后Ti-6.05Al-3.94V样品的显微组织为α'+α相,其室温拉伸屈服强度约为893 MPa,抗拉强度约为1071 MPa,延伸率约为3%。经750℃固溶-淬火处理后Ti-4.13Al-9.36V样品的显微组织为α'+α相,与α'马氏体相比,应力诱发的α'马氏体能显著地提高合金的加工硬化能力,其室温拉伸屈服强度约为383 MPa,抗拉强度约为 989 MPa,延伸率达到了17%。这表明,根据团簇理论模型调控α'+α的显微组织能有效提高激光立体成形Ti合金的加工硬化能力和塑性。     

Characterisation of Mg–Li alloy processed by solution treatment and large strain rolling

The effects of solution treatment and large strain rolling (LSR) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–10.73Li–4.49Al–0.52Y alloy were investigated. Results showed that after solution treatment, α-phase and AlLi phase were dissolved into β matrix, which led to the increase of strength. With the increased temperature of LSR, new phase MgLi₂Al (θ-phase) and AlLi phase precipitated from the matrix in turns. The Mg–Li alloy rolled at 623?K with 75% reduction showed the ultimate tensile strength of 328?MPa, which was more superior to many other Mg–Li alloys. The excellent strength could be explained by the mechanisms of solution strengthening and fine grain strengthening.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of a new β high strength titanium alloy

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a new β high strength Ti–3.5Al–5Mo–6V–3Cr–2Sn–0.5Fe titanium alloy were investigated in this paper. Both the α/β and β solution treatment and subsequent aging at temperatures ranging from 440 °C to 560 °C for 8 h were introduced to investigate the relationship between microstructures and properties. Microstructure observation of α/β solution treatment plus aging condition shows that the grain size is only few microns due to the pinning effect of primary α phase. The β solution treatment leads to coarser β grain size and the least stable matrix. The size and volume fraction of secondary α are very sensitive to temperature and strongly affected the strength of the alloy. When solution treated at 775 °C plus aged at 440 °C, the smallest size (0.028 μm in width) of secondary α and greatest volume fraction (61%) of α resulted in the highest yield strength (1624 MPa). And the yield strength decreased by an average of 103 MPa with every increase of 40 °C due to the increase of volume fraction and decrease of the size of secondary α. In β solution treatment plus aging condition, tensile results shows that the strength if the alloy dramatically decreased by an average of 143 MPa for every increase of 40 °C because of larger size of secondary α phase than α/β solution treated plus aged condition.     

Effect of rotationally accelerated shot peening on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of a metastable β titanium alloy

Microstructural evolution and deformation mechanism of a metastable β alloy(Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al)pro-cessed by rotationally accelerated shot peening(RASP)were systematically investigated with optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction,electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.Different gradient hierarchical microstructures(gradients in α"martensite and β phase,and hierarchical twins range from the nanoscale to microscale)can be fabricated by RASP via changing the shot peening time.The hardening behavior and tensile mechanical properties of gradient hierarchical microstructure were systematically explored.Novel deformation twinning systems of{112}α:and{130}〈310〉α"in the kinked α"martensite were revealed during the tensile deformation.It was found that stress-induced martensitic transformation,twinned α"martensite and the related dynamic grain refinement contribute to hardness and work hardening ability.Simultaneous improvement of strength and ductility of the metastable β titanium alloy can be achieved by introducing a gradient hierarchical microstructure.     

Influences of processing parameters and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V fabricated using selective laser melting

Selective laser melting (SLM) has provided an alternative to the conventional fabrication techniques for Ti-6Al-4V alloy parts because of its flexibility and ease in creating complex features. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the process parameters and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V fabricated using SLM. The influences of various process parameters on the relative density, tensile properties, impact toughness, and hardness of Ti-6Al-4V alloy parts were studied. By employing parameter optimization, a high-density high-strength Ti-6Al-4V alloy was fabricated by SLM. A relative density of 99.45%, a tensile strength of 1 188 MPa, and an elongation to failure of 9.5% were achieved for the SLM-fabricated Ti-6Al-4V alloy with optimized parameters. The effects of annealing and solution aging heat treatment on the mechanical properties, phase composition, and microstructure of the SLM-fabricated Ti-6Al-4V alloy were also studied. The ductility of the heat-treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy was improved. By applying a heat treatment at 850 ℃ for 2 h, followed by furnace cooling, the elongation to failure and impact toughness were found to be increased from 9.5% to 12.5%, and from 24.13 J/cm² to 47.51 J/cm², respectively.The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-022-00389-y