Enhanced Mechanical Properties,Corrosion Behavior and Bioactivity of Ti-based Bulk Metallic Glasses with Minor Addition Elements

In this research, corrosion behavior, mechanical properties and bioactivity of Ti–Zr–Cu–Pd–Sn bulk metallic glasses with minor addition of Au, Pt, Nb or Ta elements were investigated. The results revealed that minor additions of the elements were beneficial to enhancing mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Ti-based bulk metallic glasses.Minor addition of the element(especially with Nb and Ta addition) results in the improvement in plastic deformation ability due to the existing of nanoparticles with a size smaller than 10 nm in glassy matrix, inhibiting the deformation of the shear bonds. Enrichments of Ti and Zr elements in oxide layer were responsible for high corrosion resistance. The bioactivity of Ti-based bulk metallic glasses was also investigated. The best combination of large plastic deformation ability, good corrosion resistance and bioactivity in Ti_(40)Zr_(10)Cu_(33)Pd_(14)Sn_2Ta_1 BMG was obtained.     

Effects of pre-compression on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of RE65Co25Al10 (RE = Ce,La, Pr,Sm and Gd) bulk metallic glasses

The effects of the pre-compression treatment at room temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the RE₆₅Co₂₅Al₁₀ (RE = Ce, La, Pr, Sm and Gd) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) in the seawater solution have been investigated. The results indicate that the pre-compression treatment induces the microstructure changes or partial crystallization, which can significantly improve the thermal stability and the mechanical properties of the RE₆₅Co₂₅Al₁₀ BMGs. The BMG-based composite with nanocrystals under the pre-compression stress of 450 MPa shows the excellent mechanical properties with the compressive fracture strength of 832 MPa and microhardness of 261 HV, while the BMG pre-compressed by the stress of 250 MPa exhibits the enhanced corrosion resistance in the seawater solution, as indicated by the low corrosion current density and high corrosion potential. However, the corrosion resistance of the RE₆₅Co₂₅Al₁₀ BMG composite pre-compressed under the stress of 450 MPa does not perform as well as this of the specimen pre-compressed under the stress of 250 MPa. Moreover, the discussion has been made based on the short-range order (SRO), free-volume content, and nanocrystal precipitation under the pre-compression treatment. The proper pre-compression design can be beneficial for improving the practical application of the RE-based BMGs.     

Thermal stability,mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of a Mg–Cu–Ag–Gd metallic glass with Nd addition

By the minor addition of Nb to a Mg-Cu-AgGd alloy,a Mg-Cu-Ag-Gd-Nb bulk metallic glass(BMG)with improved thermal stability and corrosion resistance as well as good mechanical properties was developed.Mg_(54)Cu_(26.5)Ag_(8.5)Gd_(11_x)Nb_x(x = 0,1) BMGs with a diameter of 2 mm were fabricated by copper-mold casting.The Mg_(54)Cu_(26.5)Ag_(8.5)Gd_(10)Nb_1 BMG exhibits enlarged supercooled liquid region of 58 K.Electrochemical measurements indicate that the addition of Nb improves the corrosion resistance of the Mg-based BMG in NaCl solution evidenced by the increased corrosion potential,though no significant effect of Nb on the corrosion behavior of the BMG in NaOH solution is observed.The Mg-Cu-Ag-GdNb BMG also shows high compressive strength up to890 MPa and elastic strain of about 1.9%.     

Cast bulk glassy alloys:fabrication,alloy development and properties

Metallic glasses represent an interesting group of materials as they possess outstanding physical, chemical and mechanical properties compared to their crystalline counterparts.Currently, with well designed compositions it is possible to cast liquid alloys into the glassy state at low critical cooling rates from 100 K·s-1 to 1 K·s-1 and in large critical sample sizes up to several centimeters, which significantly enhances the promise for possible applications as advanced engineering materials.This paper reviews the development of (ZrCu)-based bulk metallic glasses with large sizes by copper mold casting and their unique properties.Additionally, the ex-situ and in-situ second phases reinforced BMG composites with large plasticity are also presented.     

Ti-Zr-Cu-Fe-Sn-Si-Ag-Ta bulk metallic glasses with good corrosion resistance as potential biomaterials

Ti_(47)Cu_(38-x)Zr_(7.5)Fe_(2.5)Sn_2 Si_1 Ag_2 Ta_x(x=1-4;at%,the same below) bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) with good bio-corrosion resistance and mechanical properties were fabricated by copper mold casting.Critical diameter of the Ti-based BMGs with 1 at%-4 at% Ta was 3 mm.The Ta-incorporated Ti-based BMGs exhibit higher open current potential and parallel passive current density in comparison with those of Ti-6 Al-4 V alloy in 0.9 wt%NaCl and Hank's solution,implying their good corrosion resistance.The pitting corrosion potential of the Ti-based BMGs gradually increases up to about 1.25 V with Ta addition increasing up to 4 at% in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution.Among the present Ti-based BMGs,the alloy bearing2 at% Ta exhibits the optimal integration of mechanical properties,including the compressive fracture strength exceeding 2000 MPa,relative low Young's modulus of98 GPa,plastic strain of 3.4% and high hardness of HV599.The Ta-bearing Ti-based bulk metallic glasses with integration of relative high GFA,good mechanical properties and high bio-corrosion resistance are beneficial for biomedical applications.     

FRICTION WELDING OF Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 BULK METALLIC GLASS

采用摩擦焊对Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀块体金属玻璃进行了焊接, 当焊机主轴转速为4.0×10³---5.0×10³ r/min, 摩擦压力为80---100 MPa, 摩擦时间为0.2---0.4 s, 顶锻压力和保压时间分别为200 MPa和2 s时, 能够成功实施Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀金属玻璃的焊接. 用SEM, XRD和TEM观察分析未检测到晶化相, 焊缝处金属仍保持非晶状态. 金属玻璃的塑性在玻璃转变点T_g附近随温度变化很大, 在T_g以上具有良好的塑性变形能力, 这是实施摩擦焊焊接的重要基础.     

Induced Plasticity of a Brittle(La,Ce)-Based Bulk Metallic Glass by Surface Corrosion

Unexpected facture without any room-temperature plasticity severely limits potential structural applications of bulk metallic glasses(BMGs), especially La-, Mg- and Fe-based ones. In this study, a simple free corrosion method was provided to improve the plasticity of a brittle(La, Ce)-based BMG by the introduction of high-density corrosion defects on the surface. The influences of immersing time in 0.1 mol/L H2SO4 aqueous solution on the surface morphology and mechanical properties of the BMG were evaluated. With increasing immersing time from 5 to 30 min, the degree of surface corrosion increased obviously, and the distribution of corrosion defects became more homogenous. In the samples, the yielding phenomenon and certain plasticity appeared up to 0.3% after the surface treatment. The yielding and plasticity can be attributed to easier nucleation of shear bands on the defect surface rather than on the glabrous surface. The results provided a novel method to improve the plasticity of BMGs.     

A Novel,Amorphous, Non-equiatomic FeCrAlCuNiSi High-Entropy Alloy with Exceptional Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties

The exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of high-entropy metallic glasses(HE-MGs) are highly desirable for diverse critical applications.However,a long-standing problem of these alloys is that their alloy design approaches are based on limited equiatomic or near-equiatomic ratios.In this study,a novel senary alloy(non-equiatomic Fe_3 Cr_2 Al_2 CuNi_4 Si_5) with amorphous structure was prepared.This alloy exhibited exceptional corrosion resistance and Vickers hardness as high as～1 150 Hv at room temperature.The processing route involved amorphous powder molding via a mechanical alloying and ultrahigh pressure consolidation technique,resulting in an optimal microstructure of amorphous structure with nanoparticles uniformly distributed in the matrix alloy.This approach can effectively inhibit the crystallization of amorphous structure,thus providing a general pathway for manufacturing next-generation non-equiatomic HE-MGs with both exceptional corrosion resistance and strength.     

大块非晶合金的复合韧化研究进展

大块非晶合金具有高强度(～2 GPa),大的弹性极限(2%～3%)及良好的耐腐蚀性等优异性能,但室温塑性低限制了大块非晶合金在工程上的实际应用.本文从大块非晶合金变形与断裂的微观机制出发探讨了其室温脆性的本质,并总结了通过在大块非晶合金基体中引入第二相(外加或原位生成)来改善其室温塑性的复合韧化研究进展.     

Dual phase metallic glassy composites with large-size and ultra-high strength fabricated by spark plasma sintering

Two-phase bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have attracted increasing interest since phase separation might produce metallic glasses with new physical and mechanical properties. In this study, we fabricated the dual phase glassy BMG composites by a spark plasma sintering process using a mixed powder of the gas-atomized Ni-based and Fe-based metallic glassy alloy powders. The thermal stability, microstructure, mechanical and magnetic properties of the obtained dual-phase glassy composites were investigated. The dual-phase glassy composites exhibited ultra-high strength and good soft magnetic properties which satisfy large-size requirements.     

添加微量Mo对铜基块体非晶合金耐蚀性的影响

采用动电位极化和交流阻抗谱技术(EIS)研究了(Cu47Zr11Ti34Ni8)100-x Mox(x=0,2)块体非晶合金在1mol/L H2SO4溶液中的室温电化学行为.结果表明,x=2的钝化膜破裂电位(Eb)显著上升,致钝化电位(E0)与维钝电流密度(ip)明显减小.这主要是由于在稳定的钝化区内,微量Mo的添加增加了基体合金中的"氧空位"和表面活性,抑制了阴离子空位在金属/表面膜(M/F)界面上的形成,促使元素Zr和Ti在M/F界面上快速形成相应的氧化物,并增加了钝化层中氧化层的厚度和稳定性.根据该体系在电解质中的电化学反应,基于点缺陷模型(PDM)建立了简单的动力学模型.利用该模型,结合EIS数据,分析了微合金化提高铜基块体非晶合金耐蚀性能的机理.     

非晶合金的相变韧塑化

块体非晶合金因其独特的原子结构而具有许多优异的力学性能,成为近年来材料领域的研究热点之一,但是由于其在变形过程中的室温脆性和应变软化等关键问题,一直制约其大规模工程应用。为解决此问题,块体非晶合金领域的研究者们提出了多种方案,其中利用“相变诱导塑性”概念制备块体非晶合金复合材料来韧塑化非晶合金成为卓有成效的方案之一,通过此方法成功地制备出同时具有拉伸塑性和加工硬化能力的非晶合金复合材料。然而,该类块体非晶合金复合材料要求的形成条件更严格,同时具有更复杂的多相协调变形过程和更独特的性能优化方案。从该类块体非晶合金复合材料的形成、性能特点、韧塑化机理及性能优化等方面进行综述,并对其未来发展进行了简要展望。     

非晶及纳米结构钛合金研究进展

综述了钛基大块非晶的成分-非晶形成能力的对应关系，总结了已知的钛基大块非晶的一次结晶相及力学性能，并阐述了钛基大块非晶的塑性变形机制，以及造成低塑性的因素和改善塑性的方法，着重介绍了铸造纳米结构钛合金的成分、组织和力学性能。通过精巧的成分设计，结合金属模铸造技术，制备出了直径小于5mm，并具有微米尺度β-Ti（M）一次树枝晶相＋纳米尺度棒状β-Ti／γ-TiCu共晶结构的复合组织，其中棒状β-Ti相尺寸在30nm～300nm范围；γ-TiCu共晶基体相由小于10nm的晶粒或亚晶粒组成，这种多层次纳米结构的钛合金具有高强度，同时县有明显的延伸性。     

The fracture toughness of bulk metallic glasses

Stiffness, strength, and toughness are the three primary attributes of a material, in terms of its mechanical properties. Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are known to exhibit elastic moduli at a fraction lower than crystalline alloys and have extraordinary strength. However, the reported values of fracture toughness of BMGs are highly variable; some BMGs such as the Zr-based ones have toughness values that are comparable to some high strength steels and titanium alloys, whereas there are also BMGs that are almost as brittle as silicate glasses. Invariably, monolithic BMGs exhibit no or low crack growth resistance and tend to become brittle upon structural relaxation. Despite its critical importance for the use of BMGs as structural materials, the fracture toughness of BMGs is relatively poorly understood. In this paper, we review the available literature to summarize the current understanding of the mechanics and micromechanisms of BMG toughness and highlight the needs for future research in this important area.     

Effect of Copper and Zirconium Addition on Properties of Fe-Co-Si-B-Nb Bulk Metallic Glasses

In this research work, iron-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been fabricated, characterized and compared with Fe-Si alloy. BMG alloys of composition ((Fe_0.6Co_0.4)_0.75B_0.20Si_0.05)₉₆Nb₄) were synthesized by suction casting technique using chilled copper die. Effect of copper and zirconium addition on magnetic, mechanical, thermal and electrochemical behavior of ((Fe_0.6Co_0.4)_0.75B_0.20Si_0.05)₉₆Nb₄ BMGs was investigated. Furthermore, effect of annealing on nano-crystallization and subsequently on magnetic and mechanical behavior was also analyzed. Amorphousness of structure was evidenced by XRD analysis and microscopic visualization, whereas nano-crystallization behavior was identified by peak broadening of XRD patterns. Magnetic properties, measured by vibrating sample magnetometer, were found to be improved for as-cast BMG alloys by copper addition and further enhanced by nano-crystallization after annealing. Mechanical properties were observed to be increased by zirconium addition while slightly declined by copper addition. Potentiodynamic polarization analysis manifested the positive role of zirconium in enhancing corrosion resistance of BMGs in acidic, basic and brine mediums. Moreover, mechanical properties and corrosion analysis results affirmed the superiority of BMG alloys over Fe-Si alloy.     

不锈钢网增强锆基非晶复合材料的压铸制备及力学性能研究

全程真空压铸技术的快速发展为大块非晶合金的工业化应用提供了可能,受到了广泛关注。但是,非晶合金的室温脆性限制了压铸结构件在一些关键领域的应用。本论文利用压铸工艺高速充型及高压凝固的特性,通过在Vit1锆基非晶合金中引入304不锈钢网叠层焊接制造的骨架,成功制备出了不同体积分数晶态相增强的非晶复合材料,并系统研究了不锈钢网体积分数对力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,不锈钢网在非晶基体中均匀分布,与非晶合金存在冶金界面结合。力学性能测试显示,随着不锈钢编织网的引入,室温脆性的压铸Vit1块体金属玻璃的塑性得到了显著提升。随着不锈钢网目数增大(对应晶态相体积分数增大),非晶复合材料的塑性呈增大的趋势,但是,当目数超过200时,过细的孔洞会导致骨架局部区域无法填充,恶化性能。当晶态相的体积分数为53.7％时,断裂应变达到最大值,约为10％左右,其值高于传统不锈钢纤维增韧的Zr基非晶复合材料。韧化机制分析表明,压铸非晶合金出现脆-延性转变的根本原因是不锈钢网对剪切带扩展进行高效抑制,促进剪切带的增殖和萌生,减少宏观塑性变形的局域化。本研究为非晶复合材料的结构设计提供了新的思路,对于促进非晶合金的更广泛应用具有重要的工程价值。     

Korrosionsresistente,hochverschleißfeste Hartmetalle

Corrosion and highly wear resistant hard metals Hard metals based on WC-Co have a better combination of mechanical properties compared to WC-Ni grades, but their corrosion resistance is generally poor. Either by variation of the binder phase (Ni, Ni-Cr) or by variation of the carbide phase (grain size) the corrosion resistance of hard metals can be tailored to the specific application maintaining the good mechanical properties of WC-Co-grades. The mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of various hard metal compositions are given. Hard metals of modified composition are used for valve parts, seal rings, nozzles and as wear parts for other applications in chemical industry. By their metallic nature, hard metals are still superior to ceramics in their mechanical strength, although ceramics show in general the excellent corrosion resistance. By optimising the carbide and binder phase in hard metals, improved corrosion resistance together with the good mechanical properties of WC-Co can be achieved.     

Glass formation and properties of Ti-based bulk metallic glasses as potential biomaterials with Nb additions

Ti_(47)Cu_(38-x)Zr_(7.5)Fe_(2.5)Sn_2Si_1Ag_2Nb_x (x=0, 1,2; at%) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with superior biocorrosion resistance were synthesized by copper mold casting. Although the minor addition of Nb to the Ti-CuZr-Fe-Sn-Si-Ag BMG slightly decreases the glass-forming ability (GF A), the Nb-bearing Ti-based alloys could be casted in a bulk glassy rod form with diameters up to3 mm. It is found that partial substitution of Cu with Nb is effective on enhancing the bio-corrosion resistance of the Ti-based BMG. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements show that Nb addition to Ti-based BMG leads to higher open-circuit potential and pitting potential as well as lower passive current density in Hank's solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate that with Nb content increasing, the charge transfer resistance values of the Ti-based BMGs become larger,demonstrating that the surface oxide films are more protective. The Nb-bearing Ti-based BMGs also exhibit good in vitro biocompatibility comparable to that of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The enhanced bio-corrosion resistance, excellent in vitro biocompatibility and good mechanical properties of the Nb-bearing Ti-based BMGs are favorable for biomedical applications.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Cu-Y-Zn bulk metallic glass matrix composites prepared in low vacuum

Mg-Cu-Y-Zn bulk metallic glasses(BMG) and in situ bulk metallic glass matrix composites were prepared by copper mold casting under the low vacuum with the argon atmosphere,and the raw materials used in preparing the Mg-Cu-Y-Zn alloys were commercially pure materials.The microstructures of the bulk samples were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and the thermal stability of samples was investigated by using a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC).The thermal stability of sample prepared with commercia...     

The effect of oxidation on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of a Zr-based metallic glass

The oxidation kinetics of the Zr₆₄Cu₁₆Ni₁₀Al₁₀ bulk metallic glass (BMG) roughly follows a two-stage rate law at both 433 and 593 K in air. An oxide film of 940 nm can be formed by oxidation at 593 K, which is ZrO₂-enriched but Cu-depleted on the outer surface. The oxide film leads to a superior passivity in 0.5 M NaCl and great corrosion resistance improvements in other solutions. The oxidation effect on mechanical properties were characterized by nanoindentation, wedge indentation and compression tests. The Zr-based BMG still keeps the amorphous nature and its good mechanical properties are retained after oxidation.