石墨和C/C复合材料表面ZrB2-SiC陶瓷涂层的研究进展

C/C复合材料具有优异的高温力学性能,是航空航天领域最具发展前景的结构材料之一,但在高温含氧环境中的氧化问题严重地限制了其实际应用。涂层技术是提升基体抗氧化能力的有效手段,因ZrB_2-SiC陶瓷涂层具有优异的抗氧化、抗烧蚀、抗热震等性能,非常适合作为C/C复合材料的高温防护涂层。首先,介绍了ZrB_2-SiC陶瓷涂层在氧化和烧蚀过程中组织结构的演变规律,阐明了该涂层的高温防护机理;然后,综述了该涂层的主要制备方法(包埋法、CVD、等离子喷涂)及每种方法的优点与不足,并对不同方法所制备涂层的抗氧化性和抗烧蚀性进行了比较;之后,针对该涂层研究和应用中存在的问题,如涂层致密性差、元素分布不均匀、应用温度范围窄、与基体热匹配性差等,从粉体改性和掺杂改性两方面总结了该涂层的改性研究现状,重点阐述了对ZrB_2-SiC粉末进行喷雾造粒和感应等离子球化处理对于提升等离子喷涂涂层性能的重要意义;最后,从涂层制备、涂层结构设计、涂层改性、涂层性能测试等方面,指出了该涂层体系存在的主要问题和未来的发展方向。     

喷涂工艺对MoSi2-Al2O3涂层组织与性能的影响

目的在不锈钢表面制备一种可服役于高温富氧环境中的抗高温氧化防护涂层。方法采用MoSi_2-Al_2O_3团聚烧结粉末为喷涂原料,分别利用等离子喷涂和火焰喷涂两种工艺在310S不锈钢表面制备MoSi_2-Al_2O_3抗高温氧化涂层。采用SEM、EDS、XRD和粗糙度测量仪分析涂层的组织结构,使用拉伸法检测涂层的结合强度,采用高温氧化实验表征涂层的抗高温氧化性能。结果等离子喷涂涂层中的粉末熔化程度较火焰喷涂涂层更高,涂层呈现致密的堆叠结构且Si、O元素分布更为均匀。等离子喷涂涂层的结合强度为24.25 MPa,较火焰喷涂涂层提高了约68%。经1200℃高温氧化试验后,火焰喷涂涂层出现粉化,氧化剧烈并发生剥落,而等离子喷涂涂层未出现粉化现象,涂层结构完好。在高温氧化过程中,由于等离子喷涂涂层组织致密,可有效避免涂层粉化,均匀分布的Si元素在涂层氧化过程中更易产生SiO_2并对涂层裂纹进行有效填补,阻碍了氧原子向涂层内部扩散,因此涂层抗高温氧化性优异。结论采用等离子喷涂技术能够在310S不锈钢表面制备出组织结构、结合强度及高温性能更好的MoSi_2-Al_2O_3涂层。     

金属喷涂、堆焊与修复——金属喷涂工艺与设备

富氧条件下电弧喷涂反应合成纳米氧化铝粉末;高速电弧喷涂FeCrNi／CBN复合涂层的组织与性能;含碳化物陶瓷粉芯丝材电弧喷涂层的结构和性能;应用于反应釜的超音速电弧喷涂涂层的耐蚀性;高速电弧喷涂涂层的结合强度与结合方式研究;等离子喷涂纳米团聚体粉末的熔化特性研究;等离子熔覆铁基涂层开裂行为研究。     

团聚粉末粒度对PS-PVD制备GYbZ热障涂层的性能影响

目的 探究不同粒度的微米级团聚粉末对等离子喷涂–物理气相沉(PS-PVD)制备GYbZ热障涂层性能的影响。方法 以微米团聚的(Gd_0.9Yb_0.1)₂Zr₂O₇(GYbZ)粉末为原料,通过PS-PVD工艺在镍基高温合金表面用3种不同粒径团聚粉末制备GYbZ热障涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析GYbZ热障涂层的微观结构及相组成,采用电子万能试验机测试涂层的结合强度,采用自动水淬机对涂层的抗热震性能进行测试。结果 随着团聚粉末粒度的减小,团聚粉末的球形度会变低,且粉末的孔隙率逐渐变大,团聚粉末粒度越小,喷涂的气化率越高,涂层中未熔粒子越少,涂层羽–柱状结构越明显。D₅₀=13μm的团聚粉末在喷涂时,因粉末粒度过小,以及流动性较差,送粉过程中部分粉末未能顺利地通过喷嘴到达等离子焰流的中心,涂层的沉积率会略微降低。GYbZ团聚粉末衍射图呈现出Gd₂Zr₂O₇与Yb     

低压等离子喷涂制备喷雾干燥型与机械混合型ZrB_2-MoSi_2复合涂层的比较研究（英文）

利用喷雾干燥与真空烧结技术制备团聚型ZrB_2-MoSi_2复合粉末,以这些粉末为原料,通过低压等离子喷涂法制备了ZrB_2-30%MoSi_2(质量分数)复合涂层(SZM涂层)。作为对比,利用机械混合粉末制备了ZrB_2-30%MoSi_2复合涂层(MZM涂层)。借助SEM、XRD和EDS等对涂层的组织结构进行研究,并利用霍尔流速计和松装密度计对团聚粉末的流动性和松装密度进行了测试。此外,对涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率和氧化特性均进行了研究。结果表明:喷雾干燥粉末在1200℃真空烧结1 h后,它的流动性和松装密度分别达到25.8s/50 g和1.12 g/cm~3。与MZM涂层相比,SZM涂层中的MoSi_2分布更加均匀,而且结构更加致密。所以团聚粉末制备的涂层在1500℃表现出更好的抗氧化性能。     

HVOF喷涂纳米结构WC-12Co涂层的组织结构分析

纳米结构WC-12Co涂层的研究目前已受到了广泛重视,对其组织结构及影响因素的研究有利于提高涂层性能.采用HVOF工艺制备了纳米结构、多峰结构及普通微米结构3种WC-12Co金属陶瓷复合涂层,并采用SEM、XRD等对粉末及涂层的显微形貌、组织结构进行了分析;探讨了粉末在喷涂过程中的氧化脱碳机理,并指出了与之相关的影响因素.结果表明:纳米结构WC-12Co涂层结构致密,孔隙率低,与基体结合状态良好;纳米粉末在喷涂过程中比微米粉末氧化失碳严重,并发生了不同的纳米晶粒的长大;纳米粉末在喷涂过程中的氧化脱碳程度不仅与喷涂工艺有关,还在很大程度上取决于粉末本身的结构特性.     

ZrB_2-SiC粉末与等离子射流场的相互作用

为了探究等离子喷涂制备ZrB_2-SiC涂层组织结构疏松、致密性差的原因,采用去离子水对经过射流场加热的粉体进行收集,对比前后粉体的组织结构特征以及物相变化。设计单颗粒沉积试验探究粉体的熔化状态以及变形颗粒的形貌特征,并与等离子喷涂制备涂层进行对应分析。结果表明,由于"涡流效应"使得经过等离子射流场的ZrB_2-SiC粉体与卷入的氧气发生反应,粉体出现轻微氧化现象。经过等离子射流场后,ZrB_2-SiC粉体呈现3种形貌特征:表面光滑型、表面多孔型、表面团聚型。其原因与等离子射流温度场非均匀性以及粉体的飞行路径有关。变形颗粒呈现与之相对应的3种形貌特征:熔化充分颗粒、团聚堆积颗粒、以及介于两者间的半熔融半疏松颗粒。共晶组织包裹的ZrB_2颗粒容易在涂层中形成致密区,而团聚堆积的ZrB_2和SiC颗粒是涂层形成疏松区的主要原因。     

纳米粉末对轴向等离子喷涂TiB2-Al2O3复合涂层的影响

采用三阴极轴向送粉等离子喷涂制备TiB2/Al2O3陶瓷复合涂层,其中一种喷涂粉末是自蔓延高温合成的常规微米级TiB2/Al2O3复合粉末,另一种是由TiB2/Al2O3复合粉掺杂质量分数10%的纳米Al2O3粉经喷雾干燥造粒制备的纳微米结构喂料.比较研究两种涂层的微观组织、耐磨性能,探讨纳米粉末对涂层的影响:扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析涂层微观结构和物相组成;转盘磨损试验测试涂层的耐磨性能.结果显示两种涂层表面洛氏硬度相当,纳米掺杂涂层组织致密性、耐磨性明显高于常规粉末涂层,以及TiB2的氧化产物TiO2含量低于常规粉末涂层.     

喷涂用MoSi2粉末的制备及其在等离子弧中的熔化特性

采用喷雾干燥和真空烧结技术制备MoSi2团聚颗粒,以MoSi2团聚粉末为原料,通过大气等离子喷涂法制备二硅化钼涂层,借助XRD、扫描电镜及能谱对团聚体粉末在等离子焰流中的熔化特性和涂层的组织结构进行研究.结果表明:团聚粉末在1200℃真空热处理1 h后,粉末的流动性和松装密度分别提高55.6%和42.0%,适合等离子喷涂用.MoSi2颗粒经过高温等离子焰流后,粉末熔化充分,大多数团聚体粉末发生烧结过程,颗粒的平均粒度减小,形成较致密的球形颗粒.在喷涂过程中,部分四方相MoSi2(t)转变为六方相MoSi2(h)或氧化形成了少量的Mo<,5>Si3相,涂层中的富钼相呈"网状"组织结构.     

等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积7YSZ热障涂层的高温氧化行为

以纳米团聚烧结的ZrO2-7%Y2O3(7YSZ)粉末为原料,采用等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)工艺及大气等离子喷涂工艺(APS)在镍基高温合金表面制备了柱状热障涂层(C-TBC)和层状热障涂层(L-TBC),并进行1 000℃的恒温氧化试验,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、电子探针、能谱分析等检测手段表征热障涂层的微观结构和高温氧化行为。结果表明:C-TBC涂层在氧化初始阶段快速生成TGO层,氧化50h后TGO层生长速率减慢,氧化动力学曲线符合五次方抛物线规律,而L-TBC涂层氧化动力学曲线符合常规二次方抛物线规律。C-TBC涂层氧化速度快于L-TBC涂层,但抗氧化剥落性能优于L-TBC涂层。     

Mechanical properties of cold-sprayed and thermally sprayed copper coatings

The present investigation compares the mechanical properties of cold-sprayed and thermally sprayed copper coatings. The mechanical properties of the Cu-coatings are determined by in plane tensile test using micro-flat tensile specimen technique. A deeper view into the type of obtained defects, their stability and their influence on coating performance, is supplied by subsequent failure analyses and the comparison to annealed copper coatings. The results demonstrate that cold-sprayed coatings, processed with helium as propellant gas, show similar performance as highly deformed bulk copper sheets and respective changes in properties after annealing. In the as-sprayed condition, cold-sprayed coatings processed with nitrogen and thermally sprayed coatings show rather brittle behavior. Whereas subsequent annealing can improve the properties of the cold-sprayed coating, processed with nitrogen, such heat treatments have only minor influence on the tensile properties of thermally sprayed copper coatings. The investigation of failure modes for the as-sprayed states and after different heat treatments provided further information concerning particle–particle bonding and the effect of oxides on mechanical properties.     

热喷涂技术及其设备应用

阐述了热喷涂潦方法和技术特性；比较了几种常用的热喷涂技术的优缺点．如火焰喷涂、电弧丝喷涂、等离子喷涂等．介绍了相应的设备系统的组成、应用领域及其发展的新趋势。指出合理使用热喷涂技术，不仅可以有效利用材料。还能扩展零部件的用途和延长使用寿命，从而创造出巨大的经济效益和社会效益。     

扇形喷嘴的雾化特性研究

在实验室利用Helos KF颗粒度测试仪进行了扇形喷嘴的喷雾颗粒度与喷射角度、喷雾压力和等效孔径之间关系的研究, 结果表明扇形喷嘴随着喷雾角度和喷雾压力的增大,喷雾颗粒度减小;等效孔径的增大,喷雾颗粒度增大,为连铸喷嘴的选型提供依据。     

超音速电弧喷涂粒子速度的测定

在电弧喷涂中,喷涂粒子的速度是影响涂层质量的重要因素,超音速电弧喷涂系统利用超音速气体雾化,加速喷涂粒子,增加喷涂粒子的速度,从而改善了涂层质量,采用Ｋｏｄａｋ１０１２型高速运动分析仪对喷涂粒子的速度进行了测定,结果表明,喷涂φ２．２ｍｍＴ８钢丝时,喷涂粒子的平均速度可达到２９１ｍ／ｓ。     

热喷涂制备非晶合金涂层的研究状况

非晶合金是一种极具发展潜力的新兴金属材料.用热喷涂方法制备非晶合金涂层是将非晶推向工程应用的有效方法.从分析非晶合金及其制备特性入手,阐述了非晶合金热喷涂涂层的特性及目前制备非晶合金涂层的两类热喷涂技术路线,展望了热喷涂制备非晶合金涂层未来的发展趋势.     

Characteristics and corrosion performance of 80Ni-20Cr coating deposited by on-site thermal spraying

New controlled atmosphere on-site spraying systems were developed to deposit a high-quality coating with superior resistance to wet corrosion. Characteristics and corrosion resistance of coatings deposited by arc and flame spraying of wire in argon gas were compared with those of coatings deposited by conventional and low-pressure plasma techniques. It was found that the coating deposited by the arc spraying of wire in argon gas is free of oxides and possesses excellent corrosion resistance in chloride and acid solutions. The coating suffers slight pitting and crevice corrosion associated with the isolated pores and electric potential paths. Corrosion resistance was improved by using a modified spraying system.     

喷涂方式在膜电极制备中的应用

为了找到适合质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极的喷涂制备方法,主要论述了高压无气喷涂、压缩空气喷涂、混气喷涂、静电喷涂和超声波辅助雾化喷涂几种常用喷涂方式的喷涂原理和特点,以及在燃料电池膜电极制备中的应用可行性.通过对几种喷涂方法的优缺点进行对比,初步选择了高压无气喷涂和混气喷涂为拟采用的方式,而后经过试验测试比较,找到了比较适合膜电极超薄涂层的制备方法--混气喷涂方法,对今后燃料电池膜电极的制备方法研究具有一定的指导意义.     

Alumina coatings obtained by thermal spraying and plasma anodising — A comparison

Thermally sprayed alumina coatings are widely used in a range of industrial applications to improve wear and erosion resistance, corrosion protection and thermal insulation of metallic surfaces. These properties are required for many components to be used for production processes in the paper and printing industry.Another appropriate method to produce ceramic coatings is the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). However PEO can only be applied on self-passivating metals like aluminium, titanium, magnesium and their alloys. The present paper concerns a combination of cost-efficient arc spraying and flame spraying of Al coatings (Al99.5, AlCu4Mg1) on steel substrates and post-treatment by plasma-electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The microstructure and phase composition of generated oxide coatings are examined and discussed. The created Al₂O₃ layers show outstanding hardness up to 1600 HV0.1, good bonding strength and excellent abrasion resistance compared to atmospheric plasma-sprayed Al₂O₃-coatings. The results show the superior performance of PEO-coatings and demonstrate their applicability for technical components in extreme operating conditions.     

电弧喷涂粉芯丝材的研究与应用

简述了电弧喷涂技术的特点和发展。将电弧喷涂与其他热喷涂技术在涂层性能等方面做了对比。概述了电弧喷涂用粉芯丝材的研究和发展现状。展望了这种粉芯丝材在制备金属/陶瓷复合涂层、纳米结构涂层和非晶涂层等方面的应用前景。     

Cold gas dynamic spraying of aluminum: The role of substrate characteristics in deposit formation

Aluminum powder of 99.7 wt.% purity and in the nominal particle size range of −75+15 μm has been sprayed onto a range of substrates by cold gas dynamic spraying (cold spraying) with helium, at room temperature, as the accelerating gas. The substrates examined include metals with a range of hardness, polymers, and ceramics. The substrate surfaces had low roughness (R _a < 0.1 μm) before deposition of aluminum in an attempt to separate effects of mechanical bonding from other forms of bonding, such as chemical or metallurgical bonding. The cross-sectional area of a single track of aluminum sprayed onto the substrate was taken as a measure of the ease of initiation of deposition, assuming that once a coating had begun to deposit onto a substrate, its growth would occur at a constant rate regardless of substrate type. It has been shown that initiation of deposition depends critically upon substrate type. For metals where initiation was not easy, small aluminum particles were deposited preferentially to large ones (due to their higher impact velocities); these may have acted as an interlayer to promote further building of the coating. A number of phenomena have been observed following spraying onto various substrates, such as substrate melting, substrate and particle deformation, and evidence for the formation of a metal-jet (akin to that seen in explosive welding). Such phenomena have been related to the processes occurring during impact of the particles on the substrate. Generally, initiation of aluminum deposition was poor for nonmetallic materials (where no metallic bonding between the particle and substrate was possible) and for very soft metals (in the case of tin, melting of the substrate was observed). Metallic substrates harder than the aluminum particles generally promoted deposition, although deposition onto aluminum alloy was difficult due to the presence of a tenacious oxide layer. Initiation was seen to be rapid on hard metallic substrates, even when deformation of the substrate was not visible. The original version of this article was published as part of the ASM Proceedings, Thermal Spray 2003: Advancing the Sciences and Applying the Technology, International Thermal Spray Conference (Orlando, FL), May 5–8, 2003, Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau, Ed., ASM International, 2003.