汀溪水库放水涵洞渗漏原因及对策

汀溪水库作为同安区人民生活生产用水的唯一水源,供水任务繁重,大坝放水涵洞在通水后就存在管接头和伸缩缝的渗漏问题,如今已直接威胁到大坝的安全。根据新设计规范,采用封堵原放水涵洞,在大坝端山体新建一引水隧洞解决放水涵洞渗漏。     

浅谈放水涵洞的封堵

文章主要论述了老放水涵洞封堵的施工方法,简要说明了老放水涵洞封堵的必要性。     

苏口（SK）型旋塞式农田放水口门的研制

1 研制目的 苏州市已经建设成高标准农田3×10~4hm~2,并以每年近6.67×10~3hm~2的速度在发展。高标准农田配套了现代化的泵房、衬砌防渗渠道、砂石水泥机耕道路,却没有适当的放水口门与之相配套,造成高标准灌溉渠系不配套、不完善,导致水量严重流失。因此,苏州市水利农机局研制了新型适用的放水口门—苏口(SK)型旋塞式农田放水口门。该产品已获1997年江苏省水利科技进步三等奖。2 新型放水口门的结构形式及主要特点 苏州地区历来田间的放水口门大多采用插板式、涵洞式、正塞式、反塞式、拍门式等形式。这些口门有的止水不好,有的流最大小不能调节,     

新型拦鱼设施在水库放水涵洞中的应用

水库拦鱼设施是水库发展渔业养殖的基本保障,如何防止水库供水过程中鱼类出逃,对水库渔业经济的发展有着重要的意义,因此解决水库供水时鱼类出逃是水库供水中特别值得注意研究解决的问题。在查阅大量资料后发现此类技术介绍的相对较少,本文结合工程实例介绍了一种安装在水库放水涵洞的新型拦鱼设施。     

渠道放水洞的改进与综合利用

在升钟水库流马支渠建设中，为优化设计，对渠道放水洞常规的结构型式作了较大改进，取水由堤后控制改为堤前控制，用钢筋混凝土预制板代替闸阀，取消了闸阀室；并把放水洞与排洪涵洞结合修建，减少了建筑物处数，节省了工程资金。这种新型放水洞。工程建成后，经过多年的运行检验，效果良好。     

小型土坝水库放水设施改造技术

本文介绍了对小型均质坝、粘土心墙坝水库的放水设施，采用老圬工涵洞内置压力钢管，坝外设阀门启闭系统，替代老式斜卧管圬工涵洞等方法，较好地解决了小型土坝水库放水设施的改造问题。     

海头水库放水涵洞套管防渗加固处理设计

该文针对莆田市海头水库放水涵洞存在的漏水问题,经漏水成因分析,提出涵洞采用套聚乙烯管处理方案。经此方案加固处理后,海头水库经2年多运行,涵洞未发现渗水现象,运行效果良好。     

头屯河水库放水涵洞底板抗冲磨加固方案及施工技术

头屯河水库放水涵洞由于泄流排沙造成明流段底板磨损非常严重,在抗冲磨加固中采用一级配C40F200W8钢筋混凝土,混凝土表面铺装球墨铸铁块作为抗冲磨保护层。实践证明,该施工技术的应用对放水涵洞底板的抗冲磨起到了良好效果,为类似水工建筑物的抗冲磨加固提供了参考。     

浅谈小型水库放水设施改造

文章针对小型水库放水设施存在的弊端，分析其原因，提出了一套改造小型水库放水设施的方案，即虹吸管式放水设施，通过实践，取得成功，可供所有小型水库放水设施整险时参考。     

浅淡小型水库放水设施改造

文章针对小型水库放水设施存在的弊端,分析其原因,提出了一套改造小型水库放水设施的方案,即虹吸管式放水设施,通过实践,取得成功,可供所有小型水库放水设施整险时参考。     

黄河下游凌汛期河道水流演进计算分析

对黄河下游凌汛期河道水流演进计算方法进行了论述分析,并对不同典型年在不同条件下的出流过程进行了演算。演算结果表明,黄河下游凌汛期下断面的出流过程与上断面的入流过程有密切的关系。所以,充分利用上游水库工程的防凌功能,根据下游气温变化,合理控制凌汛期水库下泄水量,是缓解下游凌情,减轻凌汛威胁的有效手段。     

基于Roe格式黎曼近似解的二维FVM模型

提出一种基于黎曼近似解Godunov格式的二维FVM模型求解口门区二维通航水力特性,并采用Roe格式计算界面通量。采用水面坡度代表源项中压力项的作用,有利于复杂地形条件计算的稳定性;通过对斜底单元干湿特性的合理划分,确保计算单元的水量和动量平衡及数值计算精度。利用该模型计算分析了衢江梯级塔底枢纽上下游口门区及引航段发电及泄洪条件下的通航水力特性,结果表明Roe格式的有限体积方法计算复杂地形条件下的水流流场稳定性好、计算精度高,为合理制定衢江梯级枢纽调度规则提供数据支持。     

氯离子浓度和碱度对给水管网管垢重金属锰释放的影响

通过静态释放实验,研究了水源切换造成原水中不同浓度的氯离子和碱度对管网管垢中重金属锰释放的影响。选取郑州市给水管网管段,设计模拟释放反应装置,配制不同浓度氯离子(5 mg/L、23.1 mg/L、60 mg/L、90mg/L)和碱度(52.5mg/L、125mg/L、200mg/L)的实验用水,比较分析氯离子浓度和碱度变化对管垢重金属锰释放的影响。根据实验结果初步推断:氯离子浓度和碱度与管垢中金属锰的释放浓度有较高相关性,且实验中氯离子浓度是影响管网管垢锰释放的首要因素。当氯离子浓度为30 mg/L,停留时间60h,锰的释放量达到最大为108mg/L,之后释放浓度趋于平稳。在氯离子浓度促进锰释放的条件下,碱度与管垢中锰的释放量表现出明显相关性。实验结果可为水源切换引起的水质差异对给水管网管垢锰释放问题提供一定参考。     

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS RELEASE FROM BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN FLOWING WATER

In this paper, the bottom of the Dianshan Lake was selected as a test sample. The dynamic release of contaminated sediments into the overlying water column was experimentally investigated in an open water channel under different hydrodynamic conditions. The experimental results indicate that the Total Phosphorus (TP) release process can be divided into three stages: rapid release, slow release and equilibration release. In the initial release stage the measured TP concentration changes along the depth. The TP concentration near the sediment-water interface is higher than that near the water surface, but the TP concentration becomes uniform along the depth after 3 h. The dynamic release of re-suspension sediment pollutants is about 6 times higher than the static release of sediment-water interface. There are three main types of release mechanism: diffusion release, re-suspended pore water mixing release and re-suspended particles desorbing release.     

Quantification of channel bed morphology in gravel-bed rivers using airborne multispectral imagery and aerial photography

The potential for mapping in-channel morphology within shallow gravel-bed rivers using airborne multispectral imagery and aerial photography is illustrated using a case study from the River Tummel, Scotland. The technique described relies on a good correlation between observed light reflectance levels from a water body and water depth. Measured water depths are regressed against reflectance levels derived from airborne multispectral imagery and black-and-white aerial photographs, to obtain equations that can be used for mapping channel bathymetry. The technique has a great deal of potential for wide-ranging applications, including detailed morphological surveys, assessing in-channel changes and mapping riverine habitats.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同离子类型对土壤保水剂吸释水特性影响研究

保水剂因其吸水极强,且对所吸收的水分具有高度的保持作用及反复吸水功能,成为保持土壤水分的有效途径之一。选择常用的"科翰98"、北京汉力淼、法国爱森3种类型保水剂,对保水剂在去离子水中的反复吸释水特性以及不同离子类型对保水剂反复吸释水能力的影响进行研究。结果表明:不同类型、粒径保水剂随着反复吸释水次数的增加,吸水倍率降低。保水剂反复吸释水能力顺序为:爱森>汉力淼>科瀚;大粒径比小粒径降幅更大。各保水剂反复吸释水特性与粒径不成线性规律变化。在反复吸释水条件下,各保水剂吸水速率均高于第1次吸水速率。随着吸释水次数的增加,保水剂凝胶达到饱和的时间提前,对于科瀚影响效应最为明显。2+离子对保水剂的反复吸水能力影响更为显著,其次为1+离子。Zn2+最易使保水剂失效,KNO3对保水剂的影响在前期略大。     

入河排污口设置对第三方的影响分析及防控措施

在污水排放口设置时,为了保护第三方的用水权益,必须采取相应的措施避免或减轻污水排放对附近水域水质的影响。以中石油江苏长江中心项目入河排污口为例,对附近水域受排污的影响及防控措施进行了分析。数学模型预测的结果表明,排污口附近数座水厂取水口水域的水质达不到饮用水Ⅱ类水质的要求。分析表明：通过设置污水处理厂、控制污染物排放强度和排放方式、选择污水排放时间、建立污水处理设施连锁系统、改变污染物迁移途径,可有效降低排污对附近水域的水质影响,满足取水厂取水水质要求。     

Channel recovery in a regulated river: Effects of an experimental and natural flood in the Snowy River,SE Australia

Experimental floods, generated downstream of dams, are used to recover specific bio‐geomorphic functions in regulated rivers. Studies of the effects of experimental floods vary in their objective, location, and the hydrological and bio‐geomorphic variables used to quantify recovery. Measurements of geomorphic change are required to guide future release strategies. The focus of this study was to determine if a large experimental flood in the Snowy River Australia, could promote geomorphic recovery of the river channel downstream of Jindabyne Dam following 35 years of flow regulation. The objectives of the release were to deepen, widen, and increase channel capacity and coarsen the riverbed substratum in the Jindabyne Gorge and Dalgety Uplands sections of the Snowy River. Data from the release were compared with that of a natural flood event that occurred after the experimental flow event. Both events showed channel adjustments and a degree of geomorphic recovery, but this varied between the two river sections. Marked channel adjustments occurred in the Dalgety Uplands reach following both the experimental and natural flood event and in the Jindabyne Gorge section following the natural flood event. Geomorphic changes were related to the hydrological character of each flood event. The number of flood peaks, the sequence of peaks, the flood duration, and the total energy expenditure differed markedly between the two events, and these four flood hydrological characteristics explained the greater geomorphic recovery associated with the natural flood event in the Jindabyne Gorge. No clear hydro‐geomorphic relationship was derived for channel change in the Dalgety Uplands where existing morphological constraints limit flood effectiveness.     

土坝放水洞处理技术综述

放水洞是水库重要的建筑物之一,其功能决定了它位于坝的底部,工作状态不直观,出现问题不易发现。通过对放水洞常见问题的原因分析,提出了放水洞破坏的原因及免开挖处理方法,希望能对类似工程提供参考。     

公伯峡水电站泄洪建筑物布置与设计

公伯峡水电站泄洪建筑物布置采用了两岸分散、左岸相对集中的平面布置格局，立面上采用表、深孔相结合的分层孔口布置，设置了开敞式岸边溢洪道、深式压力泄洪洞以及采用开敞式进水口的水平旋流泄洪洞。泄洪建筑物布置格局合理、型式多样、运用灵活，妥善解决了泄洪建筑物泄洪、排沙、放空、检修、施工期放水等运用要求。同时水平旋流消能泄洪洞在国内的首次应用，丰富了泄洪建筑物的型式，为导流洞的永久利用提供了新的经验。