润滑因素对车用镀锌钢板拉深成形性能的影响

研究了3种常用拉深液体润滑剂(PK、G及C润滑剂)对车用镀锌钢板拉深成形性能的影响．以润滑性能最佳的液体润滑剂(PK润滑剂)为基体油，加入自行研制的固体粉末添加剂配制成一种新型润滑剂——1.润滑剂。对该种新型润滑剂在镀锌钢板拉深成形过程中的实际润滑性能进行试验研究，并对其特性因素做了进一步分析。研究结果表明：新型润滑剂(L润滑剂)比常用拉深液体润滑剂的润滑性能更优，对镀锌钢板的拉深成形性能影响显著。     

胶体润滑剂的研制

为了解决运动，冲击，振动操作过程中机械润滑和密封，防止机械泄漏等问题，我们研制了一种新型的润滑剂－胶体润滑剂，该润滑剂的稠化度比脂低，润滑性比油好，是一种具有优良润滑，防漏性能的，介于润滑油和润滑脂之间的半流动性润滑剂。胶体润滑剂价格虽然比机械略高，但其耐用寿命，使用数量，换油周期等润滑性能明显优于润滑油，其经济效益是十分显著的。     

润滑剂清洁度对轴承使用性能的影响

简述了润滑剂清洁度的检测方法，分析了润滑剂清洁度，尤其是杂质颗粒污染对轴承使用性能的影响，并结合JB/T7050-2005提出了提高润滑剂及轴承清洁度和改善轴承使用性能的有效措施。     

润滑剂浓度与润滑性能的关系

论述了几种润滑剂在水和油中不同浓度时的PB、PD值。PD值随浓度的增大而提高，最后达到一极大值。由于润滑剂反应活性的不同，大多数情况下，PB在低浓度时，随润滑剂浓度的增大而提高，达到一极大值后，随浓度的增大而减小。对于活性很强的润滑剂，PB随浓度的增大而减小；对于反应活性温和的润滑剂，PB随浓度增大而逐渐提高，最后达到一极大值。印证了边界极压润滑机理是一种可控制腐蚀行为。在实际应用时，应考虑润滑剂的反应活性与腐蚀性的平衡。     

冷轧工艺润滑及润滑剂消耗量的工程计算

本文简要介绍了冷轧工艺润滑的目的，冷轧对工艺润滑剂的基本要求及工艺润滑剂的品种特性。同时根据热量平衡原理，结合实验经验及测试数据给出了冷轧工艺润滑剂消耗量的经验计算公式，实际应用表明该经验计算公式计算结果符合实际，可供工艺润滑系统设计时参考。     

绿色润滑剂的生物降解性及特点

阐述了绿色友好润滑剂的生物降解性和摩擦化学特点，提出了绿色润滑剂在发展过程中存在的主要问题，并对未来的发展趋势进行了预测。     

考虑温度因素时等效粘度模型及轴承特性的研究

同时考虑温度和流体内能及壁面对润滑剂的强作用对润滑剂粘度的影响，在等效粘度模型的基础上，融入温度对润滑剂特性的影响，建立了粘温修正的等效粘度分析计算模型，运用该模型进行了薄膜润滑条件下的轴承特性分析计算，确立了参数与轴承性能的变化之间的关系。     

固体润滑技术讲座第六讲固体润滑剂的应用

固体润滑技术讲座第六讲固体润滑剂的应用常州牵引电机厂石淼森关键词添加固体润滑剂的油脂，压力加工，切削加工一、用作油脂添加剂添加了固体润滑剂的润滑油、润滑脂和润滑油膏（以下称添加固体润滑剂的油脂）能在低速、高温、高负荷条件下油膜遭受破环时发挥润滑作用。...     

纳米润滑剂的制备及特性研究

探讨了运用纳米润滑剂实现机械零件自修复的理论和途径，研究了纳米润滑剂的制备方法：利用流化床气磨法制备超细铜粒子原料，送入分级机进行一次分级，将超细铜粒子进行相转移处理，并以不同粘度的润滑油进行二次分级处理，可获取含不同粒径的铜纳米润滑剂，并研究了纳米润滑剂的特殊摩擦学性能以及不同粒径的纳米粒子对摩擦学性能的影响，结果表明：用流化床气磨法制备出超细铜粒子原料并进行相转移处理，可获取含不同粒径的铜纳米润滑剂，纳米粒子大部分为4～50nm的颗粒闭，少量呈绒球状，少量占片状，本法制备的纳米润滑剂其铜粒子粒径满足纳米尺寸要求；4种纳米润滑油的摩擦系数分别比基础油的降低1.28倍、2.18倍，3.46倍和4.61倍，在特定的摩擦学系统条件下，纳米粒子粒径有一较佳的尺寸范围，在该范围内，其润滑效果极明显，有着普通润滑剂所不具备的优异性能，在该范围以外，则效果不甚明显。     

固体润滑剂在轴承上的应用研究

以水轮发电机轴承为应用研究实例，介绍了轴承镶嵌固体润滑剂的摩擦磨损机理，镶嵌轴承套的结构，固体润滑剂材料；并用摩擦学性能试验及台架模拟试验验证；在水轮发电机轴承上使用固体润滑剂可以提高润滑性能、降低摩擦系数，使摩擦副间能不断形成自补偿固体润滑转移膜，说明在重载，低速，摆动，间歇运动和泥水环境苛刻条件下工作的水轮发电机轴承使用固体润滑剂，比液体润滑具有更优越的性能。     

环境友好润滑剂及其添加剂的摩擦学研究现状

综述了环境友好润滑剂及其添加剂的定义、分类及应用,介绍了生物降解润滑剂的定义及其试验方法与分类;简要介绍了生态毒性和基础的氧化稳定性试验方法;概述了国外环境友好润滑剂的发展状况,指出了国内开展相关研究工作的紧迫性。     

环保型润滑剂发展综述

综述了环保型润滑添加剂的定义、种类及应用，介绍了生物降解试验方法的定义、种类以及生态毒性试验方法，概述了环保型润滑添加剂的发展现状，指出国内开展相关研究工作的紧迫性。     

Recent trends in environmentally friendly lubricants

Many of the lubricants used in the world today cause environmental pollution through total‐loss applications, spillage, evaporation, and in other ways. To reduce this environmental damage, new lubricants that are rapidly biodegradable and ecologically non‐toxic have started to be developed and marketed. This paper discusses the introduction of environmentally friendly lubricants and their constituents, with particular emphasis on their environmental benefits, applications, the limits to their use, their technical performance characteristics, and relative cost aspects; many of these lubricants are based on vegetable oils and esters. Comparisons are also made in the paper with conventional mineral‐oil based materials.     

Lubricant test methods for sheet metal forming

Sheet metal forming of tribologically difficult materials such as stainless steel, Al-alloys and Ti-alloys or forming in tribologically difficult operations like ironing, punching or deep drawing of thick plate requires often use of environmentally hazardous lubricants such as chlorinated paraffin oils in order to avoid galling. The present paper describes a systematic research in the development of new, environmentally harmless lubricants focusing on the lubricant testing aspects. A system of laboratory tests has been developed to study the lubricant performance under the very varied conditions appearing in different sheet forming operations such as stretch forming, deep drawing, ironing and punching. The laboratory tests have been especially designed to model the conditions in industrial production. Application of the tests for evaluating new lubricants before introducing them in production has proven successful and has in a number of examples assisted the substitution of environmentally hazardous lubricants by more friendly ones in industrial production.     

Environmentally adapted lubricants,Part II. Hydraulic fluids

Current technologies relating to hydraulic fluids are mostly either mineral based, synthetic based, or water‐based. Mineral oil based hydraulic fluids tend to be used for their excellent lubrication characteristics, economic viability, and so account for almost 90% of hydraulic fluids, while waterbased fluids tend to be employed in fire hazard applications. Synthetic hydraulic fluids possess superior properties to mineral oils, but their higher price limits their application to aerospace and special applications under severe conditions. In recent years, biodegradable hydraulic fluids, which are readily decomposed by micro‐organisms, have come into focus due to the rise in environmental consciousness in European countries, particularly Sweden and Germany, and with this, vegetable‐based fluids. In the present paper, the main categories of hydraulic fluids, including environmentally friendly fluids, are discussed in an overview of the state of technology in this area. Current governmental regulation, and the properties required of environmentally adapted fluids, and an appraisal of the current practices in various countries are also given. In an earlier paper*, the authors reviewed the key aspects of and requirements for environmentally adapted lubricants, namely, chemical composition, eco‐toxicity, biodegradability, bio‐accumulation, eco‐labelling schemes, and life‐cycle analysis. In the present paper, the main categories of hydraulic fluids, including environmentally friendly fluids, have been described. In Part I*, the authors reviewed the key aspects of and requirements for environmentally adapted lubricants.     

Environmentally adapted lubricants,Part I. An overview

The requirement for environmentally adapted lubricants has begun to play an increasingly important role in many industrial applications, particularly in the last two decades. The present‐day requirements for biodegradable and eco‐friendly lubricants imply that lubricants have properties that can minimise, if not eliminate, negative environmental impact, such as contamination of soil and water, caused by lost lubrication, leakage and accidents. The dominant factors that have a direct impact on the environment and which characterise the lubricant and its chemical composition, are toxicity, bio‐accumulation and biodegradability. Biodegradability is perhaps the most important factor which determines the fate of lubricant in the environment. Various commercial, governmental, and regulatory initiatives exist that protect the interests of the consumer. Life cycle analysis can help in assessing the total environmental impact of lubricants. This paper reviews the essential requirements of environmentally adapted lubricants, i.e., chemical composition, eco‐toxicity, biodegradability, bio‐accumulation, and eco‐labelling schemes, and life cycle analysis.     

Synthesis and biodegradability of some adipic and sebacic esters

Using dimethyl adipate, dimethyl sebacate, and neopentyl glycol as starting materials, oligomeric esters with different ranges of molecular mass were synthesised. The transesterification reactions were catalysed with calcium methoxide. The esters have the physicochemical properties appropriate for use as synthetic lubricants. Both the adipic acid esters and sebacic acid esters are characterised by high biodegradability. The esters studied are considered to be environmentally friendly high‐performance functional fluids.     

Boron in Tribology: From Borates to Ionic Liquids

Boron compounds are widely used in a range of tribological applications such as friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear additives, and in many cases as environmentally friendly lubricants. The chemical nature and structure of boron compounds provide multifunctionality. They are used as (1) solid lubricants such as boric acid and hexagonal boron nitride, (2) liquid lubricants such as ionic liquids, (3) lubricant additives such as borate derivatives of various organic and inorganic compounds, and (4) coatings such as cubic boron nitride and different metal borides. Boron is also one of the most favorable elements for coatings and thin films in biotribological and biomedical applications. This review outlines the growing role of boron in lubrication over the past several decades, summarizes the main findings, and identifies future challenges related to boron chemistry.     

On the friction and wear performance of boric acid lubricant combinations in extended duration operations

Lubrication is critical for minimizing wear in mechanical systems that operate for extended time periods. Developing lubricants that can be used in engineering systems without replenishment – particularly those that are environmentally friendly – is very important for increasing the functional lifetime of mechanical components. In the present investigation, extended duration pin-on-disk experiments were carried out to determine the relative performance of a wide range of lubricant combinations in a commercial brake valve assembly. In the experiments, the lubricants were initially applied to the disk surface but were not replenished over a sliding distance of more than 6000 m. The experimental results revealed that the environmentally friendly lubricant boric acid was highly ineffective for reducing the wear in the surfaces tested. When combined with a commercial transmission fluid, however, the boric acid mixture proved to be highly effective in terms of both friction and wear performance. Based on the success of the combined lubricant experiments, the boric acid was then mixed with canola oil to form a completely natural lubricant combination. Based on further pin-on-disk experiments, this lubricant combination yielded the best wear performance of all the lubricants tested. The importance of these results, as related to the use of the natural lubricant combination in other engineering systems such as sheet metal stamping, was subsequently ascertained and discussed.     

Synthesis and biodegradation of synthetic oils based on adipic and sebacic esters

Used oils constitute a potential health hazard. Every year several million tons of used oils are released into the environment. At present, environmentally friendly synthetic oils, e.g., esters, are used as alternatives to conventional oils produced from petroleum. The aim of the present work has been to synthesise ester oils and determine their properties, particularly in terms of their biodegradability. Using dimethyl adipate, dimethyl sebacate, and neopentyl glycol as starting materials, oligomer esters with different ranges of molecular mass were synthesised. The syntheses were based on transesterification reactions catalysed by calcium methoxide. The degree of oligomerisation was closely correlated with the molar ratio of the esterification substrates. The esters showed physicochemical properties appropriate for use as synthetic lubricants. Both adipic acid esters and sebacic acid esters are characterised by high biodegradability. The biodegradability depends only slightly on the degree of oligomerisation of the ester molecules. The esters studied were considered as environmentally friendly high‐performance functional fluids.