Mo-Al2O3太阳能选择吸收涂层的制备及其光学性能

选用金属Mo作为红外反射层,Mo-Al_2O_3作为吸收层,Al_2O_3作为减反射层,利用磁控溅射镀膜技术,在抛光的316L不锈钢片上制备具有双吸收层的Mo/Mo-Al_2O_3/Al_2O_3太阳能选择吸收膜系,研究减反射层和高、低金属吸收层的厚度及其金属体积分数对膜系选择吸收性能的影响。结果表明,当减反层厚度为50 nm时,所得膜系的选择吸收性能最佳。高金属吸收层厚度的增加会使薄膜反射率的骤升阈值发生红移,薄膜的发射率升高,但其厚度过高,则会影响薄膜的干涉效应。低金属吸收层厚度的增加会导致可见光波段的吸收率增加,红外波段的发射率上升,薄膜反射率的骤升阈值红移。高金属吸收层中金属体积分数增加会导致它的方块电阻降低,使薄膜的红外发射率下降。低金属吸收层中金属体积分数的增加,会导致薄膜的红外干涉下降,使其发射率升高,获得薄膜的最佳吸收率为0.922,发射率为0.029。     

激光熔覆Ni3Al/Cr3C2复合材料耐磨性能研究

采用激光熔覆技术在304不锈钢基板上制备了Ni_3Al合金和Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2(25%,质量分数)复合材料耐磨涂层,分析了Ni_3Al合金和Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明,Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层显微组织由基体γ'-Ni_3Al相和原位自生M_7C_3(M=Cr,Fe)型碳化物组成,且细小M_7C_3弥散分布于γ'-Ni_3Al基体。与Ni_3Al合金熔覆层相比较,Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层显微硬度提高了约4000 MPa。650℃时,Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2熔覆层磨损量仅为对比材料蠕墨铸铁的28%左右,表明Ni_3Al/Cr_3C_2复合材料熔覆层具有良好的耐磨性能。     

炭/炭复合材料表面SiC/ZrSiO4-SiO2复合涂层的抗氧化性能与红外发射特性研究

为提高炭/炭(C/C)复合材料的高温抗氧化性能并降低其红外发射率,采用包埋–刷涂法在其表面制备了SiC/ZrSiO_4-SiO_2复合涂层。借助XRD、SEM等表征分析了涂层的成分与微观结构,并研究了SiC/ZrSiO_4-SiO_2复合涂层包覆C/C复合材料在1500℃动态空气条件下的抗氧化性能,以及在90和500℃下的红外发射率。结果表明:由疏松结构SiC内涂层和镶嵌结构ZrSiO_4-SiO_2外涂层组成的SiC/ZrSiO_4-SiO_2复合涂层具有优异的抗氧化性能,在1500℃流动空气(0.6 L/min)等温氧化条件下氧化50 h后试样的氧化失重率仅为0.03%。在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC/ZrSiO_4-SiO_2复合涂层后其红外发射率明显降低,并随温度升高而越低。复合涂层包覆试样在90℃时3~5μm和8~14μm波段的平均红外发射率分别为0.55和0.66;在500℃时3~5μm和8~14μm波段的平均红外发射率分别为0.48和0.62。SiC/ZrSiO_4-SiO_2复合涂层包覆C/C复合材料可作为优良的低红外发射率高温热结构材料应用于航空航天领域。     

铜铬黑涂层的制备及其红外辐射性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了铜铬黑(CuCr_2O_4)粉体,并以其为基料利用喷涂法在Q235钢表面制备了红外辐射涂层。研究表明,CuCr_2O_4粉体具有良好的高温稳定性,并在近红外波段具有良好的红外吸收性能,吸收率达到0.91。通过X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计和IR-2双波段发射率测试仪对CuCr_2O_4涂层的物相组成及红外辐射性能进行了分析,并考察了涂层的抗热震性能和红外辐射加热性能。结果表明,CuCr_2O_4涂层在3~5μm波段具有良好红外辐射性能,发射率达0.86,此外该涂层还具有良好的抗热震性能和显著的加热节能效果。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2的制备及电化学性能

首先以AlO2-为铝源,采用三元共沉淀法制备前驱体Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)(OH)_2。对前驱体进行500℃高温处理,随后与过量的锂盐混合均匀,在氧气气氛下700℃煅烧12 h制得LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O_2(NCA)材料。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)测试可知,所得的NCA材料呈典型的α-NaFeO_2层状结构,属于R-3m空间群。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试显示,NCA为粒径5～6μm的球状颗粒。材料在电流倍率为0.1C下首次放电容量为167.1mAh/g,循环200次以后容量保持率为96.2%。倍率测试表明,0.1、10 C下NCA的容量分别为184.0、112.7 mAh/g,到恢复到0.1 C时,容量仍可达179.7mAh/g,具有比较好的倍率性能。     

Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3热障涂层的制备及抗热震性能研究

本文以BaCO₃、MgO、Ta₂O₅为原料,采用固相反应法合成了Ba(Mg_1/3Ta_2/3)O₃(简称BMT)陶瓷粉末,利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了BMT/YSZ双层陶瓷涂层。利用XRD、SEM和金相显微镜检测了BMT粉体及涂层的物相组成和显微结构。采用水淬法考核了涂层的抗热震性能。结果表明：1450℃下煅烧4h可合成出具有复合钙钛矿结构的BMT粉末,粉末具有良好的高温相结构稳定性。等离子喷涂制备的BMT/YSZ涂层组织致密,涂层系统中各界面结合紧密。涂层在室温至1150℃间热震9次后发生片状剥落,剥落位置位于BMT层间,BMT材料低的断裂韧性和第二相Ba₃Ta₅O₁₅的存在是导致涂层失效的主要原因。     

纳米Al2O3改性三聚氰胺-脲醛自修复微胶囊的制备及应用

以纳米Al_2O_3改性三聚氰胺-脲醛树脂(MUF)为壁材,环氧树脂为芯材,采用原位聚合法合成了微胶囊,并采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱分析仪(XPS)、热重分析仪(TGA)等对其表面形貌、结构及热性能等进行了表征和测试;将改性后的微胶囊加入自修复环氧树脂涂层中,并对其热性能、力学性能、自修复性能及电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,当芯壁比为1.5:1、纳米Al_2O_3质量分数为4.5%时,纳米Al_2O_3在壁材中均匀分布,微胶囊的表面粗糙度和热稳定性均增加。当涂层中改性微胶囊质量分数为5%时,涂层的热稳定性提高,且涂层的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度及粘结强度分别提高了111.9%、55.1%、10.6%和51.9%;制备的涂层具备较好的自修复性能;涂层的耐腐蚀性能随着微胶囊质量分数的增大而增强。     

Lu2O3电子结构及物理性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函第一性原理平面波赝势方法对Lu_2O_3六方、单斜和立方3种结构进行计算。结合能结果表明C型Ia3立方结构最稳定。立方Lu_2O_3的力学、热力学、电子结构以及光学性质计算揭示:Lu_2O_3有良好的韧性和弹性各向异性特征;热力学稳定性较好;Lu_2O_3为直接带隙,位于导带底的电子有效质量小,非局域程度高;价带顶到导带底跃迁主要源于Lu 4f和O 2p电子。Lu原子5d轨道和O原子2p轨道的强烈杂化形成Lu–O共价键;Lu_2O_3最大光反射率为0.36,在3~10 eV能量范围内其光吸收能力较强,近红外线和可见光范围内有优异透光性能,是良好光绝缘性材料。     

Al_2O_3/MoS_2复合涂层的制备及摩擦磨损性能

以大气等离子喷涂工艺制备的Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层为模板,利用陶瓷涂层中存在的孔隙和微裂纹,采用水热反应在其内部原位合成具有润滑特性的MoS_2,制备出Al_2O_3/MoS_2的复合涂层。结果表明,通过水热反应在陶瓷涂层原有的微观缺陷中成功合成了MoS_2,合成的MoS_2固体粉末呈类球形状,并且这球状的粉末是由纳米片层状的MoS_2搭建组成的。摩擦试验结果表明,与纯Al_2O_3涂层相比,复合涂层中由于MoS_2润滑膜的形成,其摩擦因数和磨损率都显著降低,且载荷越大,复合涂层的摩擦性能越好。     

水溶液中电沉积制备LaMg2Ni9储氢合金

利用水溶液电沉积法制备La Mg_2Ni_9储氢合金膜,通过测定合金膜的循环伏安曲线(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)、Tafel极化曲线等研究其电化学性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱(EDS)对合金膜表面形貌、结构及组成进行研究。结果表明:电沉积电流密度为40 A/dm~2时,La Mg_2Ni_9合金膜的表面粗糙并伴有裂纹,析氢电流密度为5.37A/dm~2,表观活化自由能△G~≠最低为47.26 k J/mol,证明合金膜良好的析氢性能;吸附值Q达到最大值为0.091μF·cm~(-2),表明合金膜具有较高的储氢性能。     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

Fe2O3-CaO-TiO2 体系下铁酸钙的合成过程及TiO2 和CaTiO3 的影响

为了确定高钛型钒钛磁铁矿烧结过程中铁酸钙的生成是受TiO₂还是TiO₂和CaO形成的CaTiO₃影响,首先利用Fe₂O₃和CaO的纯试剂合成了铁酸钙,并研究了TiO₂和CaTiO₃对钛铁酸钙 （FCT） 形成的影响。在Factsage 7.0软件进行热力学计算的基础上,通过在空气气氛下进行烧结,获得了在1023~1423 K温度范围内、不同烧结时间的不同样品。通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜-能谱分析等表征手段,对烧结样品的物相转变和微观结构变化进行了表征。发现FCT的形成过程主要分为2个阶段：前一阶段为1023~1223 K温度范围内Fe₂O₃与CaO之间的反应,合成产物为Ca₂Fe₂O₅,反应方程式为“Fe₂O₃(s)+ 2CaO(s)= Ca₂Fe₂O₅(s)”;后一阶段为1223~1423 K温度范围内Ca₂Fe₂O₅和Fe₂O₃的反应,主要产物为CaFe₂O₄,反应为“Ca₂Fe₂O₅(s)+ Fe₂O₃(s)= 2CaFe₂O₄(s)”,该阶段尤其是温度为1423 K时,反应速率显著加快,随温度的升高CaTiO₃显著增加。然而,Ti元素在铁酸钙中的固溶很难实现,TiO₂与铁酸钙之间的反应不是形成FCT的有效途径。随着保温时间的延长,CaTiO₃和FCT相界中Fe元素含量增加。FCT主要是通过Fe组分在CaTiO₃中固溶形成的,主要反应是“Fe₂O₃+CaTiO₃(s)=FCT(s)”。     

等离子球化制备球形CaF2/BaF2共晶粉末*

探究了使用大气等离子喷涂设备制备适合热喷涂使用的球形CaF2/BaF2共晶粉末的可能性。68%BaF2、32%CaF2粉末(质量分数)经过1 100℃真空烧结后,形成致密的块状氟化物共晶。机械破碎后的氟化物共晶经过等离子焰流重熔后得到了球形的氟化物共晶。使用F14-1流动性和松装密度测定仪测量球化前后粉末的流动性和松装密度。采用扫描电子显微镜,XRD表征球化前后粉末的形貌和物相组成。结果表明:球化后的粉末呈现较好的球形,球化后粉末的流动性和松装密度较球化前也有较大的改善:球化后共晶粉末的流动时间为55.20s/50g,松装密度为1.89g/cm3;另外,球化后共晶粉末还表现出良好的高温润滑性能:含有10%CaF2/BaF2共晶(质量分数)的镍基涂层在600℃和800℃的平均摩擦因数都小于0.3。     

In-situ TiB2 and Al2O3 formation by DC plasma spraying

In-situ plasma spraying (IPS) is a promising process to fabricate composite coatings with in-situ formed thermodynamically stable phases. In the present study, mechanically alloyed Al-12Si, B₂O₃ and TiO₂ powder was deposited onto an aluminum substrate using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). It has been observed that, during the coating process, TiB₂ and Al₂O₃ are in-situ formed through the reaction between starting powders and finely dispersed in hypereutectic Al-Si matrix alloy. Also, obtained results demonstrate that in-situ reaction intensity strongly depends on spray conditions.     

CVD deposition and characterization of coloured Al2O3/ZrO2 multilayers

Coloured Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ multilayers have been deposited onto WC-Co based inserts by a CVD process. Through physical as well as optical analysis of such multilayers, colour is believed to originate from interference. The coatings are obtained with good process reproducibility. It was found that the ZrO₂ process used in the multilayer, with ZrCl₄ as the only metal chloride precursor, results in a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO₂ phases. However by adding a relatively small amount of AlCl₃ during such a process results in ZrO₂ layers being composed of predominantly tetragonal ZrO₂ phase. Corresponding multilayers seem to have a more fine grained and smoother morphology whereas multilayers containing monoclinic ZrO₂ phase seem to be less perfect with existence of larger grains of ZrO₂ which are believed to scatter light and alter the reflectance of such a multilayer. In addition to this, such multilayers were found to be free of or with greatly reduced amount of thermal cracks, normally present in pure CVD grown Al₂O₃ layers.It is believed that, in the studied Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ multilayers, the observed tetragonal ZrO₂ phase is the result of a size effect, where small enough ZrO₂ crystallites energetically favor the tetragonal phase. However as the ZrO₂ crystallite size distribution is shifted to larger sizes it is believed that a mixture of crystallites with both stable and metastable tetragonal phases as well as a stable monoclinic phase is obtained. The proposed metastable tetragonal ZrO₂ phase may in fact explain the absence of thermal cracks in such multilayers through a transformation toughening mechanism, well known in ZrO₂ based ceramics.     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

Preparation and properties of sintered molybdenum doped with La2O3/MoSi2

Sintered Mo with the addition of La₂O₃/MoSi₂ was prepared via the process of solid–solid doping + powder metallurgy. X-ray diffraction experiment, hardness test, three-point bending test and high-temperature tensile test were carried out to characterize the samples. The XRD pattern of a typical sample shows that the sintered Mo was mainly composed of Mo, La₂O₃ and Mo₅Si₃. Mo₅Si₃ was probably formed through the reaction between MoSi₂ and the Mo matrix. Densities and fracture toughnesses of both doped Mo and pure Mo were measured and contrasted. Sintered Mo with the addition of 0.2 wt% La₂O₃/MoSi₂ has the highest toughness, while more addition of La₂O₃/MoSi₂ has smaller effect on improving toughness or even embrittles Mo. The results of three-point bending test and high-temperature tensile test show that the bending strength and high-temperature tensile strength of doped Mo are both higher than those of pure Mo. The formation of Mo₅Si₃ improves the high-temperature strength. The La₂O₃/Mo₅Si₃ dispersed in the Mo matrix refined the grains, and thus strengthened the Mo matrix by dispersion strengthening and grain refinement.     

Modification of TiO2 nanorods by Bi2MoO6 nanoparticles for high performance visible-light photocatalysis

In this work, TiO₂ nanorods were prepared by a hydrothermal process and then Bi₂MoO₆ nanoparticles were deposited onto the TiO₂ nanorods by a solvothermal process. The nanostructured Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites were extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue. The Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites exhibit higher catalytic activity than pure Bi₂MoO₆ and TiO₂ for degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). Further investigation revealed that the ratio of Bi₂MoO₆ to TiO₂ in the composites greatly influenced their photocatalytic activity. The experimental results indicated that the composite with Bi₂MoO₆:TiO₂ = 1:3 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. The enhancement mechanism of the composite catalysts was also discussed.     

CuInSe2 nano-crystallite reaction kinetics using solid state reaction from Cu2Se and In2Se3 powders

The reaction mechanism and CuInSe₂ formation kinetics using a solid state reaction from Cu₂Se and In₂Se₃ powders synthesized using a heating up process were investigated using X-ray diffractomy (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was observed that the CuInSe₂ phase increased gradually, accompanied with a decrease in γ-In₂Se₃ with no intermediate phase as the calcination temperature and soaking time were increased. The reaction kinetics was analyzed using the Avrami and polynomial kinetic model, suggesting that CuInSe₂ formation from Cu₂Se and In₂Se₃ powders follows a diffusion-controlled reaction with an apparent activation energy of about 122.5-182.3 kJ/mol. Cu₂Se and In₂Se₃ phases react and directly transform into CIS without the occurrence of any intermediate phase and the size of the newly formed CuInSe₂ crystallites was close to that of the Cu₂Se reactant particle based on the TEM results, which indicated that the solid reaction kinetics may be dominated by the diffusion of In³⁺ ions.     

Mechanochemical synthesis of Al2O3-TiB2 nanocomposite powder from Al-TiO2-H3BO3 mixture

Alumina-titanium diboride nanocomposite (Al₂O₃-TiB₂) was produced using mixtures of titanium dioxide, acid boric and pure aluminum as raw materials via mechanochemical process. The phase transformation and structural characterization during mechanochemical process were utilized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analyses (TG-DTA) techniques. A thermodynamic appraisal showed that the reaction between TiO₂, B₂O₃ and Al is highly exothermic and should be self-sustaining. XRD analyses exhibited that the Al₂O₃-TiB₂ nanocomposite was formed after 1.5 h milling time. The results indicate that increasing milling time up to 40 h had no significant effect other than refining the crystallite size.