一种面向动态连续查询的查询索引

针对当前面向连续查询的查询索引不适应查询动态变化的问题,提出一种能承受频繁更新的动态连续查询索引。为实现该索引,设计一种基于网格和树的索引结构,该索引结构继承了网格结构的高效更新性能的优点,并通过继承树的特性,克服网格结构高空间开销的问题。实验结果表明,该连续查询索引比基于网格的连续查询索引节省空间开销约一个数量级;比基于树的连续查询索引更新效率提高约70%,查询性能提高约25%。     

面向轨迹流数据的索引构建与存储方法研究

移动社交网络等基于定位服务应用的快速发展导致时空数据流规模呈爆炸式增长,要求底层数据存储系统支持高吞吐量轨迹数据的插入以及空间和时间约束下的低延迟查询,而现有HBase等数据存储方案因索引更新开销过高无法满足该需求。针对时空数据流的应用特性,提出一种数据流内存索引及存储方法。根据键值和时间范围对历史与增量数据元组进行物理分区,将其以模板B+树的形式写入内存并构建索引以增强快速写入和查询能力,同时对数据进行压缩存储提升索引效率。在此基础上,采用多级索引根据数据分区将复杂查询分解为可独立处理的子查询。实验结果表明,与传统HBase、WaterWheel等方法相比,该方法在不同数据插入和查询条件下的数据存储性能与查询效率更优。     

基于HBase的路网移动对象时空索引方法

在处理路网移动对象时,由于HBase只能采用key查询,不适用于移动对象的多维查询,导致HBase存在存储索引与查询效率不高的问题。针对此问题,在HBase存储结构的基础上设计并实现了一种高效的路网移动对象HBase索引框架（RM-HBase）。首先,对原生HBase索引框架的上层HMaster和下层HRegionServer进行改进,解决分布式集群数据的热点分布问题,提高空间数据的查询效率;其次,提出路网移动索引——RN-tree,解决空间划分中的"死空间"问题,同时提高空间中路段的查询效率;然后,基于上述对HBase的索引改进,分别设计了时空范围查询、时空K最近邻（KNN）查询和移动对象轨迹查询的查询算法;最后,实验选用了同样是基于HBase分布式数据库而提出的时空HBase索引（STEHIX）框架作为对比对象,分别从索引框架的性能和算法的查询效率两个方面对RM-HBase的性能进行分析。实验结果表明,所提的RM-HBase在数据的均衡分布性能和时空查询算法的查询性能方面都优于STEHIX框架,有助于提升海量路网移动对象数据的时空索引效率。     

一种通用的可伸缩增量连续查询处理框架

连续查询(continuous queries,CQ)是时空数据库中重要的查询类型.针对基于TPR树索引和R树索引的大量并发连续查询处理,提出了一种可伸缩的增量连续查询处理(scalable processing of incremental continuous queries,SICQ)框架,通过引入搜索区域进行预裁剪以减少查询更新所需要的索引节点访问代价,并引入了增量结果表保存候选对象、批量地更新查询结果集.SICQ框架能够高效处理大量并发的连续查询,具有良好的可伸缩性.基于SICQ框架提出了一种增量更新的SICQ查询处理算法,能够基于上次查询结果增量地更新查询,支持查询集合中加入或删除查询和对象数据集的插入、删除等动态更新操作.实验结果与分析表明,基于SICQ算法的SICQ框架可以很好地支持大量并发的连续查询处理,具有良好的实用价值.     

基于KD树和R树的多维云数据索引

针对云存储系统大多基于键值对模型存储数据,多维查询需要对整个数据集进行完全扫描,查询效率较低的问题,提出了一种基于KD树和R树的多维索引结构(简称KD-R索引)。KD-R索引采用双层索引模式,在全局服务器建立基于KD树的多维全局索引,在局部数据节点构建R树多维本地索引。基于性能损耗模型,选取索引代价较小的R树节点发布到全局KD树,从而优化多维查询性能。实验结果表明：与全局分布式R树索引相比,KD-R索引能够有效提高多维范围查询性能,并且在出现服务器节点失效的情况下,KD-R索引同样具有高可用性。     

支持固定网络中频繁更新的移动对象混合索引模型

IMOFN是一种支持固定网络中频繁更新的移动对象混合索引模型,它由一棵描述固定道路网络的2D R*-Tree、一组对时间进行索引的1D R*-Tree和一个存储移动对象实时数据的Hash数组组成.IMOFN既管理了移动对象实时位置,支持位置的频繁更新;又保存了历史轨迹,提供了范围查询、拓扑查询以及轨迹查询等多种有效的实时和历史查询功能.通过实验与FNR-Tree和MON-Tree进行性能比较,证实了IMOFN模型高效的查询能力.     

面向大数据流的分布式索引构建

大数据流的高效存储与索引是当今数据领域的一大难点.面向带有时间属性的数据流,根据其时间属性,将数据流划分为连续的时间窗口,提出了基于双层B+树的分布式索引结构WB-Index.下层B+树索引基于窗口内流数据构建,索引构建过程结合基于排序的批量构建技术,进一步对时间窗口分片,将数据流接收、分片数据排序以及B+树构建并行化,提高了构建性能.上层B+树索引基于各时间窗口构建,结合时间窗口时间戳的递增性和无限性,提出了避免节点分裂的构建方法,减少了B+树分裂移动开销,提高了空间利用率和更新效率.WB-Index架构中,将流数据和索引分离,同时利用内存缓存尽可能多的双层B+索引和热点数据来提高查询性能.理论和实验结果表明,该分布式索引架构能够支持高效的实时数据流写入以及流数据查询,能够很好地应用于具有时间属性的数据流场景.     

一种基于GPU的移动对象并行处理框架

PGrid是一个基于格网索引的移动对象并行处理框架。通过分析PGrid框架不利于在GPU上并行的因素,提出基于GPU的无锁并行处理G-LFPP(GPU Based Lock Free Parallel Processing)框架。采用基于操作分解/聚类的无锁更新策略,消除更新过程中并发控制对更新性能的影响;为了实现细粒度并行查询,提出基于候选集映射表和查询确认表的快速查询索引。实验表明,该方法更新和查询策略有利于大规模线程并发处理更新和查询。当移动对象的数量达到千万级时,更新速率和查询速率仍然可以超过每秒1100万次和110万次。与PGrid相比,并发处理更新和查询的速度提高了6.61倍。     

HBase中基于时空特征的监测视频大数据关联查询研究

针对传统的时空索引构建、维护困难且实时查询效率低等问题,首先提出基于HBase的时空索引构造方法。该方法采用HBase作为监测视频大数据时空特征索引结构,通过Z填充曲线对空间特征进行降维存储,并利用时间、空间和属性特征之间的关联及依赖规则来安排rowkey索引键,可有效解决传统的时空索引构建、维护困难的缺陷。此外,针对传统的时空索引实时查询效率低的问题,进一步提出了基于Z曲线的时空关联查询算法,该算法对查询空间计算Z值范围和建立空间划分子集,利用划分后的时空特征进行列索引查询得到候选数据集并反查HBase索引表完成关联查询。实验结果表明,与传统的R树索引算法相比,提出的基于HBase的时空索引构造方法索引插入效率更高,提出的基于Z曲线的时空关联查询算法能够快速高效地处理时空关联查询。     

基于速度分布的移动对象混合索引方法

TPR*树是目前广泛使用的移动对象当前及未来位置预测索引技术,但是其频繁更新及查询性能随着时间变化而急遽下降.文中提出了一种基于速度分布的移动对象混合索引HVTPR树,综合考虑移动对象在速度域和空间域中的分布,首先在速度域中对移动对象集进行规则划分,根据速度矢量大小将移动对象映射到不同的速度桶,每个速度桶中移动对象具有相近的速度矢量;对每个速度桶中的移动对象,则利用TPR树进行索引.HVTPR树索引增加了一个建于移动对象标识上的Hash辅助索引结构,并采用增强的自底向上更新(EBUU)算法以提高其频繁更新性能,具有很好的动态更新性能和并发性.实验表明,采用EBUU算法的HVTPR树索引动态更新及查询性能优于TPR*树等通用索引技术.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.