含有机质粉质粘土的压缩试验与性状分析

通过重铬酸钾法测定了取自南京河西地区土样的有机质含量在5％-10％之间,判定其为有机质土。根据比较南京地区一般粉质粘土的物理力学指标,发现有机质土的含水率、孔隙比、压缩系数都远大于南京地区一般粉质粘土,说明该土样属于高孔隙比、高液限、高压缩性土,且随着土样中有机质含量的增大,其含水率、孔隙比、液塑限、压缩性逐渐增大。后又采取上述有机质土进行压缩-回弹再压缩试验研究,土样的残余变形比弹性变形大得多。     

重塑黏土次固结性状的变化规律与定量评价

通过对6种不同的天然沉积土重塑样进行一维压缩次固结试验,明确了重塑黏土次固结变形的主要影响因素为孔隙比与对应于液限的孔隙比,得出了重塑黏土的次固结系数随着固结压力的增大和孔隙比的减小而减小,且相同孔隙比下次固结系数随液限的增大而增大的规律。定义了ln(1+e)-lnt双对数坐标下的次固结系数CαL,提出了双对数坐标次固结系数与液限孔隙比的定量关系表达式,为重塑黏土提供了简便实用的次固结变形计算方法,也为进一步完善Burland等提出的固有压缩概念与压缩理论奠定试验基础。     

应力路径对天然沉积土压缩特性影响的试验研究

工程中如何考虑复杂应力路径对地基土压缩性状的影响是岩土工程中一个关键的问题。然而目前土体压缩性状的研究通常采用一维压缩和三向等压压缩试验,没有考虑应力路径的影响。通过对天然沉积土进行不同应力路径下的GDS三轴压缩试验,研究不同应力比对天然沉积土压缩性状的影响规律。结果表明：不同应力路径下天然沉积结构性土的平均结构屈服应力和结构屈服后的压缩性参数均先随应力比的增大而增大,达到最大值后又随着应力比的进一步增大而减小。通过对比分析不同应力路径下的GDS三轴压缩屈服性状与一维压缩屈服性状,得出天然沉积土的静止土压力系数在屈服过程中并非常数,而是呈现由小到大的变化,在屈服后趋于恒定。     

荷载水平和孔隙比对土次压缩性质影响研究

开展砂土和黏土的次压缩试验,比较了砂土和黏土的次压缩性质,分析了土的次压缩系数与荷载水平和孔隙比之间的关系。研究结果表明,土的次压缩性质不仅与荷载水平有关,还与孔隙比密切相关。相同荷载水平条件下,孔隙比越大,次压缩系数越高。此外,通过次压缩系数-荷载-孔隙比的一般关系解释了荷载水平、应力历史和超载预压对土次压缩性质的影响。     

红粘土的基本物理性质研究

通过常规土工试验开展了一系列理论、试验等方面的研究,得到该类红粘土的常规土工指标参数,研究表明红粘土具有较大的特殊性,另外对比分析了一般黏性土与红粘土的物理力学指标,并结合现场取样和室内试验数据的情况可以分析出红粘土具有高液限、高含水率、高孔隙比、低压缩性、假粉性及高粘粒含量的特殊性。     

从流动到可塑状态软黏土的一维固结特性试验研究

软土在固结过程中含水率的减小将导致其物理状态从流动态进入可塑态,为研究物理状态变化对软黏土的压缩性和渗透性的作用影响,采用饱和重塑黏土,配制高于液限含水率和接近液限含水率的试样,分别开展不同压力作用下的一维固结试验,依据位移和孔压测试数据,对比分析了固结过程中的位移发展、孔压消散、压缩系数以及渗透系数的变化特性。结果表明:在流动状态下,位移快速发展,而孔压却存在明显的滞消现象;进入可塑状态后,压缩系数和渗透系数的对数随孔隙比的变化关系均发生明显的转折。这意味着,在软土固结问题的理论分析中,应考虑物理状态的变化对土体压缩性和渗透性参数变化规律的影响。     

干湿循环作用下非饱和重塑黏土变形特性研究

为了研究了基质吸力与干湿循环对非饱和重塑黏土压缩变形特性的影响,利用最新研制的全自动非饱和土固结仪,在控制基质吸力的条件下进行非饱和土压缩试验。研究结果表明,吸力越大,土体的压缩性越小,屈服应力越大,含水率减小的幅度也越小。试样经历干湿循环后,土体的压缩性增大,屈服应力减小,土体弹性变形的应力范围也减小。非饱和土的压缩变形以孔隙气体的压缩为主,土体中孔隙水的排出处于次要地位。干湿循环对非饱和土变形特性有重要影响,考虑其影响对于实际工程应用是十分必要的。     

浅析建筑工程中软弱地基的处理

1 软弱地基的特性 淤泥及淤泥质土其成分主要由粘粒及粉粒组成,常成絮状结构,并含有机质.软土的天然含水量大于液限,有的可达200%.孔隙比在1～2之间,个别可达5.8.它具有较高的压缩性.     

钻孔桩泥皮土与桩间土性状试验研究

通过对杭州地区淤泥质土、粘土和砂质粉土地层中现场取样的桩侧泥皮土和桩间土的室内物理力学参数对比试验,研究了泥皮土和桩间土在物理力学性状上的差异,分析了泥皮土对钻孔灌注桩桩侧摩阻力的影响。通过对掺入不同水泥浆含量的混合土的物理力学参数的试验研究,分析了水泥浆对改善桩侧泥皮土物理力学性状的作用效果。结果表明:泥皮土具有含水率高、孔隙比大、压缩性高、摩擦力低、抗剪强度低等特点,其工程性质明显比桩间土差,形成了桩土间的薄弱层,降低了桩侧摩阻力,注入水泥浆能有效的改善泥皮性状。     

电渗软黏土电导率特性及其导电机制研究

在自制的Miller soil box中采用4相电极法分别模拟和研究电渗过程中含水率、温度和孔隙水含盐量的变化对软黏土电导率的影响.结果表明,黏土电导率随含水率变化经历3个阶段:含水率小于塑限时,电导率随含水率的增大而迅速增大;含水率大于液限时,电导率随含水率增大而缓慢减小;含水率在塑限和液限之间时,电导率随含水率的增大而缓慢增大.黏土导电性与受含水率影响的土体结构相态有关,导致土体电导率变化的导电途径依次为固液相互层、双电层和液限.温度的升高会导致电导率增大,二者成良好的线性关系,并且含水率越高电导率随温度增长的速率越慢.黏土电导率也随孔隙水含盐量的增大而增大,但是黏土含水率越高,孔隙水含盐量变化对电导率的影响越大.     

Behavior of diatomaceous soil in lacustrine deposits of Bogotá, Colombia

This work presents a study on the behaviors of diatomaceous soils. Although studies are rarely reported on these soils, they have been identified in Mexico City, the Sea of Japan, the northeast coast of Australia, the equatorial Pacific, and the lacustrine deposit of Bogotá (Colombia), among other locations. Features of this kind of soil include high friction angle, high initial void ratio, high compressibility index, high liquid limit, and low density. Some of these features are counterintuitive from a classical soil mechanics viewpoint. To understand the geotechnical properties of the diatomaceous soil, a comprehensive experimental plan consisting of more than 2400 tests was performed, including physical tests such as grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, density of solid particles, and organic matter content; and mechanical tests such as oedometric compression tests, unconfined compression tests, and triaxial tests. Laboratory tests were complemented with scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations to evaluate the microstructure of the soil. The test results show that there is an increase in liquid limit with increasing diatomaceous content, and the friction angle also increases with increasing diatomaceous content. In addition, several practical correlations were proposed for this soil type for shear strength mobilization and intrinsic compression line. Finally, useful correlations were presented, such as the relationship between the state consistency and the undrained shear strength, the friction angle and the liquid limit, the void ratio at 100 kPa and the liquid limit, the plasticity index and the diatomaceous content, among others.     

Behavior of diatomaceous soil in lacustrine deposits of Bogota,Colombia

This work presents a study on the behaviors of diatomaceous soils. Although studies are rarely reported on these soils, they have been identified in Mexico City, the Sea of Japan, the northeast coast of Australia,the equatorial Pacific, and the lacustrine deposit of Bogota(Colombia), among other locations. Features of this kind of soil include high friction angle, high initial void ratio, high compressibility index, high liquid limit, and low density. Some of these features are counterintuitive from a classical soil mechanics viewpoint. To understand the geotechnical properties of the diatomaceous soil, a comprehensive experimental plan consisting of more than 2400 tests was performed, including physical tests such as grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, density of solid particles, and organic matter content; and mechanical tests such as oedometric compression tests, unconfined compression tests, and triaxial tests.Laboratory tests were complemented with scanning electron microscope(SEM) observations to evaluate the microstructure of the soil. The test results show that there is an increase in liquid limit with increasing diatomaceous content, and the friction angle also increases with increasing diatomaceous content. In addition, several practical correlations were proposed for this soil type for shear strength mobilization and intrinsic compression line. Finally, useful correlations were presented, such as the relationship between the state consistency and the undrained shear strength, the friction angle and the liquid limit, the void ratio at 100 kPa and the liquid limit, the plasticity index and the diatomaceous content, among others.     

受铅污染的土-膨润土竖向隔离墙材料的压缩及渗透特性试验研究

土-膨润土系竖向隔离墙广泛应用于工业污染场地修复工程中。由于黏土与污染液的相互作用,隔离墙的工程性质将发生改变。通过一维压缩固结试验,研究高岭土-膨润土系竖向隔离墙材料与硝酸铅溶液相互作用下的物理性质、压缩固结和渗透特性的改变规律,并给出机理解释。引入评价天然重塑黏土的压缩和渗透特性的归一化孔隙比e /e_L和孔隙指数I_v概念,进一步评价分析受铅污染土-膨润土系竖向隔离墙材料的压缩和渗透特性。     

内蒙古好鲁库地区硅藻土物理力学性质研究

硅藻土结构性显著,是非常罕见的特殊性岩土,通过室内含水率、侧限压缩、直接剪切等试验,对比分析了内蒙古某高速公路不同埋置深度硅藻土的基本物理性质,研究了压缩特性,探讨了硅藻土抗剪强度参数与埋置深度的相关性。结果表明,硅藻土质地轻、孔隙比大、有机质含量高,虽然在天然状态下硅藻土多为半固态或固态,但具有极高的含水率;e-p曲线可根据孔隙比随竖向荷载减小速率的变化分为2个阶段,对应E_s-p曲线压缩模量基本平稳和显著提升两阶段,好鲁库地区硅藻土E_s-p曲线上难以找到明显的结构屈服应力;在不高于1 600 kPa的荷载条件下压缩变形稳定后,好鲁库地区硅藻土还具有大孔隙比和较小的压缩模量,可能产生可观的后期变形;抗剪强度参数与深度线性相关性不显著,确定抗剪强度参数标准值可以不考虑参数与深度的相关性。     

Modeling compression behavior of cement-treated zinc-contaminated clayey soils

In this paper, the compression behavior of cement-treated soil with various cement contents and zinc concentrations is presented and modeled by the destructuring framework and the concept of the Intrinsic Compression Line (ICL). The void ratio of a cement-treated sample with Zn contamination is the sum of the void ratio sustained by the intrinsic soil fabric (destructured void ratio) and the additional void ratio due to cementation. The compression index at the pre-yield state, C_s, increases as the Zn concentration increases or as the cement content decreases. At the post-yield state, the additional void ratio is inversely proportional to the effective vertical stress. The rate of reduction in the additional void ratio is controlled by the destructuring index, b. The values for b and yield stress are mainly dependent upon the degree of cementation, which is controlled by the cement content and the Zn concentration. Based on a critical analysis of the test data, a practical (simple and rational) method for assessing the compressibility of cement-treated soil with various Zn concentrations is suggested. The proposed predictive method is useful not only for quickly determining compression curves, with acceptable errors, but also for examining the results of tests on cement-treated zinc-contaminated soil.     

非饱和土一维压缩试验及变形规律探讨

为研究非饱和土在侧限条件下的变形规律,进行了控制初始干密度和基质吸力的一维压缩试验,提出切线压缩系数和切线体积压缩系数的概念,发现切线压缩系数和切线体积压缩系数均随净竖向压力的增大呈指数衰减规律,建立了描述孔隙比–净竖向压力关系和竖向应变–净竖向压力关系的经验模型,结合国内外文献中的试验数据对模型的合理性及其对不同类别非饱和土的适用性进行了验证。提出的模型可用于计算任意压力间隔内非饱和土的平均压缩性指标,计算非饱和土由于浸水产生的一维湿化变形,还可用于描述非饱和土随基质吸力增大的一维收缩变形规律。     

压缩过程中非饱和膨胀土体变特征与持水特性的水力耦合效应

土体压缩是岩土工程领域的基本问题。压缩过程中非饱和土的力学与水力学行为是同时发生且相互影响的,有必要统一考察体变特征与持水特性的水力耦合效应。为此,以荆门弱膨胀土为研究对象,开展土中水密度试验、饱和与控制吸力下的非饱和一维压缩试验,准确测量了压缩与卸荷回弹过程中孔隙比–重力含水率–吸力–竖向净应力关系,探讨了水力耦合状况下非饱和膨胀土的体变特征与持水特性规律,并建立相应本构描述。结论如下:1加载段,非饱和压缩曲线均发生明显转折,体现出屈服行为;随吸力增大,压缩曲线依次发生"穿越"现象;卸载段大体呈线性,其斜率随吸力增大而降低。提出能够描述干缩、压缩、卸荷体胀、屈服、压缩性与卸荷回弹性随吸力变化等行为的非饱和土体变方程,可直接用于分层总和法计算。2不同吸力下重力含水率变化存在较大差异;压缩至2941.8 k Pa时,不同吸力下含水率非常接近。吸力与竖向净应力对含水率变化的耦合影响可用3参数Logistic函数描述。3压缩过程中饱和度随竖向净应力增大而增大,卸荷过程中随竖向净应力降低亦增大。采用饱和度或重力含水率,对压缩过程中的水力路径会出现"湿化"与"脱湿"的不同判断,即水力耦合状况下土体表现出复杂的持水状态变化特征。