Na0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3-K0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3系铁电体的相变研究

研究了(Na1-xKx)0.5Bi0.5TiO3体系x分别为0、0.08、0.16和0.20时陶瓷不同频率下的介电温谱,发现材料为弛豫型铁电体,材料的介电谱在室温到500℃的温度范围内存在一个介电常数-温度"台阶",一个介电常数-温度峰和一个介电损耗-温度峰,通过分析陶瓷不同温度下的电滞回线验证陶瓷在升温过程中产生了铁电-反铁电-顺电相变,采用铁电体成分起伏理论和内电场理论解释了这类弛豫型铁电体相变的原因.     

脉冲激光沉积Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3、Pb0.5Ba0.5TiO3和Pb0.5Sr0.5TiO3薄膜及其介电性质

采用脉冲激光沉积法,在Pt／Ti／SiO2／Si基底上分剐制备厚度为350nm的Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3(BST)、Pb0.5Ba0.5TiO3(PBT)和Pb0.5Sr0.5TiO3(PST)薄膜并研究了它们的介电性质。XRD显示,在相同的制备条件下三者具有不同的择优取向,PST具有(110)择优取向,PBT具有(111)择优取向,而BST则是混合取向。SEM显示三者样品表面均匀致密,颗粒尺寸大约在50nm至150nm之间。PST与BST、PBT相比有更高的介电常数,在频率为10kHz时,分别为874、334和355,而损耗都较低,分别为0．0378、0．0316和0．0423,同时PST漏电流也是最小的。测量薄膜的C-V特性扣铁电性能表明室温下BST呈现的是顺电相,PST和PBT则呈铁电相。本文也测量了薄膜在不同频率下的介电温度特性,BST、PBT和PST均表现出频率弥散现象,即随着频率的降低．居里温度降低而介电常数会升高。并测得BST和PST的居里温度分剐为-75和150℃。而PBT的居里温度在250℃以上。本文研究表明：与BST相比较,PBT的介电常数与之相近,漏电流较大;而PST具有高介电常数,较小的漏电流和较大的电容-电压调谐度,在相关半导体器件中的应用将有很大的潜力。     

Na0.5K0.5NbO3 and 0.9Na0.5K0.5NbO3–0.1Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 nanocrystalline powders synthesized by low-temperature solid-state reaction

Nanocrystalline powders of K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ (KNN) and 0.9Na_0.5K_0.5NbO₃–0.1Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ (KNN–BNT) have been prepared using a low-temperature solid-state reaction. Phase development of the powders incurred during various calcination temperatures was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystallite size and particle morphology of KNN powders were examined by XRD and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Perovskite phase was formed at the temperature as low as 500 °C, and the average crystallite size of KNN powders depended on calcination temperature. In addition, the crystalline structure of KNN powders tended to change from tetragonal symmetry to orthorhombic symmetry with increase in crystallite size. Similar results were obtained in KNN–BNT system. The developed method is well suited for the mass production of niobate nanocrystalline powders due to its simplicity and low cost.     

Piezoelectric and dielectric properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3 lead-free ceramics

(1 − x)Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃–xBi_0.5Li_0.5TiO₃ lead-free ceramics have been prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method, and their piezoelectric and dielectric properties have been studied. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that Li⁺ diffuses into the Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ lattices to form a solid solution with a pure perovskite structure. The addition of Bi_0.5Li_0.5TiO₃ effectively lowers the sintering temperature of the ceramics and greatly assists in the densification of the ceramics. The ceramic with x = 0.075 possesses the optimum piezoelectric properties: piezoelectric coefficient d ₃₃ = 121 pC/N and planar electromechanical coupling factor k _P = 18.3%. After the partial substitution of Li⁺ for Na⁺ in the A-sites of Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃, the ceramics exhibit more relaxor characteristic, which is probably resulted from the cation disordering in the 12-fold coordination sites. The depolarization temperature T _d shifts to low temperature with the substitution level x of Li⁺ for Na⁺ increasing.     

Structure and piezoelectric properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3–Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3 lead-free ceramics

Lead-free (1−x) K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃–xBi_0.5Li_0.5TiO₃ + 1 mol% MnO₂ piezoelectric ceramics have been prepared by a conventional ceramic technique and their structure and piezoelectric properties have been studied. Our results reveal that Bi_0.5Li_0.5TiO₃ diffuse into K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ lattices to form a solid solution with a perovskite structure. The addition of Bi_0.5Li_0.5TiO₃ to the K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ solid solution decreases the paraelectric cubic-ferroelectric tetragonal phase transition temperature (T _C) slightly, but shifts the ferroelectric tetragonal-ferroelectric orthorhombic phase transition temperature (T _O−T) significantly to low temperatures. As a result, coexistence of the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases is formed at 0.01 < x < 0.03 near room temperature, leading to a significant improvement in the piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. The ceramic with x = 0.025 exhibits a relatively high T _C (392 °C) and optimum piezoelectric properties: d ₃₃ = 191 pC/N, k _p = 51.5% and k _t = 45.5%. The ceramic also exhibit a good thermal stability of piezoelectric properties.     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的制备与性能

采用传统的干压成型法制备了Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同K0.5Bi0.5TiO3含量对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷的微观结构与电性能的影响规律.结果表明,Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷随K0.5Bi0.5TiO3含量增加,晶格常数增大,密度减小,晶粒尺寸减小,压电常数先增大后减小,介电常数增大,介电损耗增加,机械品质因数下降,而居里温度不断升高,在200℃附近存在由铁电相向反铁电相转变的一个相变点,组分为0.84 Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.16 K0.5Bi0.5TiO3的陶瓷位于准同型相界附近,具有最佳的压电性能.     

水热法制备K0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3纳米粉体

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Ti(OC4H9)4、KOH为原料,研究和分析了水热条件下纳米K0.5Bi0.5TiO3(KBT)粉体和影响KBT晶体生长与形成的各个影响因素,并利用XRD、TEM、ED等分析方法对所得粉体的晶相、微观形貌、分散性等性质进行了表征.结果表明,反应温度为180℃,保温时间为24h,KOH浓度为4～12mol/L时能制备出纯净的、结晶完整、分散性良好、钙钛矿型的纳米K0.5Bi0.5TiO3晶体,其颗粒尺寸为15～75nm.     

Zr4+B位置换对(Pb0.5Ca0.5)(Fe(0.5)Nb0.5)O3

研究了Zr4+离子B位置换改性对(Pb0.5Ca0.5)(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3陶瓷微波介电性能.实验结果表明,(Pb0.5Ca0.5)(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3(PCFNZ)陶瓷样品呈现单一斜方钙钛矿相结构.随Zr(4+)离子的置换量增加,PCFNZ陶瓷体系的Qr值和晶粒尺寸逐渐减小;介电常数εr随着置换量增加...     

熔盐法合成Na0.5K0.5NbO3粉体

采用熔盐法在K2CO3和Na2CO3的熔盐（K2CO3／Na2CO3=45／55）中800℃并保温2h的条件下制备出了单相、纯钙态矿型结构的Na0.5K0.5NbO3粉体,运用XRD以及SEM技术对所得粉体进行了相组成及显微结构分析。结果表明：随着盐含量的增加,晶体结构从正交相转变为四方相,晶粒大小先增加而后稍微减小,并且获得较好的介电压电性：ε33^T／ε0（1kHz）=45-264,tgδ=1．5％～2．6％,Tc=402℃,Tτ-o=202℃,d33=88-98pC／N,Qm=465-574,Kp=29．09%～30．47％,在10kHz频率下,介电损耗有一点改变。NKN将有可能成为用于高频下的无铅压电陶瓷之一。     

La3+掺杂Co0.5Ni0.5(Fe0.5Cr0.5)2O4尖晶石红外辐射材料的研究

用固相合成法制备La3+掺杂Co0.5Ni0.5(Fe0.5 Cr0.5)2O4尖晶石体系红外辐射材料,并通过DTA-TG、XRD和IRE-2型红外辐射测试等方法研究了材料的结构特征与红外辐射性能的关系,结果表明:随着La3+含量的增加,La3+以不同的形式进入Co0.5Ni0.5(Fe0.5 Cr0.5)2O4体系中,当La2O3掺杂浓度为5%(质量分数)时,样品的法向全波段辐射率达到0.91.     

La0.5Ba0.5CoO3中的Pr掺杂效应

用固相反应法制备了La0.5-xPrxBa0.5CoO3系列化合物，系统研究了Pr不同含量时材料的磁性和电输运特性，结果表明：Pr掺杂没有改变Co的3d电子的巡游特性。随Pr掺杂量增加，材料的分子磁矩单调下降，其原因是当Pr逐渐取代La时，Co离子的3d电子逐渐由中间自旋态向低自放态转变。随Pr含量增加，材料的居里温度逐渐下降，这是由于稀土离子的尺寸效应，电阻测量表明：在所研究的温度范围内，居里温度以下，所有掺Pr材料的导电机制为热扩散型。居里点以上，导电机制为变程跳跃导电。     

Ti0.5Al0.5N涂层的抗高温氧化行为

用AES仪研究了多弧离子镀Ti0.5Al0.5N涂层在空气气氛中的抗高温氧化行为,发现该涂层的抗高温氧化性能极其优异,其最高抗氧化温度可达800C。采用SEM、EDX以及XTEM等方法对Ti0.5Al0.5N涂层的抗氧化机制和氧化失效机理进行了分析。     

高电压LiNi0.5-0.5xMn1.5-0.5xAlxO4正极材料制备及其性能

通过共沉淀控制结晶法制备前驱体Ni0.25Mn0.75(OH)2,再通过高温固相法制备Al3+掺杂的LiNi0.5-0.5xMn1.5-0.5xAlxO4材料。XRD和SEM结果表明Al3+被均匀掺杂到了材料的晶格中,替代了部分Ni和Mn,提升了材料的结晶度与结构稳定性。电化学测试结果表明掺杂Al3+能有效提升材料的倍率性能与循环性能,LiNi0.475Mn1.475Al0.05O4在0.5 C下常温循环100次后容量保持率为96.75%,在0.5 C下55 ℃循环100次后容量保持率也能达到93.24%;常温下10 C放电容量达到101.45 mA·h/g;相比于LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4,掺杂Al3+后的材料具有更好的可逆性与更高的锂离子导电率。     

Structural, Dielectric and Complex Impedance Spectroscopy Studies of Lead Free Ca0.5 ＋xNd0.5-x（Ti0.5 Fe0.5）O3

Structural and various electrical properties of polycrystalline Ca_0.05+xNd_0.5-x(Ti_0.5Fe_0.5)O₃,prepared by standard solid state reaction technique,were studied.Formation of single phase orthorhombic structure of the compositions was confirmed by X-ray diffraction study.The composition dependence of lattice parameters, density and microstructural study show that they vary significantly with Ca content.The dielectric measurements were carried out at room temperature as function of frequency and composition.The experimental results reveal that the dielectric constant（ε’） increases with increasing Ca content.Similar behavior is observed for the dielectric loss（tanδ） and ac conductivity(σ_ac).In complex impedance analysis it is observed that the real part（Z’） vs imaginary part（Z"） graph exhibits a tendency of formation of a single semicircular arc for each composition of samples.Different parameters were determined by fitting the experimental data in Cole—Cole empirical formula.A dominance of grain boundary resistance(R_gb) is observed.The R_gb decreases with increasing Ca content.The highε’ observed in present samples are suitable for fabrication of devices.     

Sr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)TiO_3/La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3双层薄膜的微观结构

采用脉冲激光沉积法在(001)LaAlO_3衬底上制备了Sr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)TiO_3/La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3薄膜,利用透射电子显微镜对薄膜的微观结构进行了研究。结果表明,底电极La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3在LaAlO_3衬底上外延生长并形成立方-立方取向关系。不同于块体结构,LSCO薄膜发生了结构转变,形成一种氧缺位有序调制结构。整个薄膜由大量取向畴组成,其中包含一些层错与反相畴界等缺陷。生长温度为500℃时,Sr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)TiO_3薄膜为柱状多晶结构;当温度升高至820℃时,薄膜为缺陷较少的单晶结构。     

Nd3+A位置换对(Pb0.5Ca0.5)(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3陶瓷微波介电性能的影响

研究了Nd³⁺离子A位置换改性(Pb_0.5Ca_0.5)(Fe_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃陶瓷的微波介电性能.[(Pb_0.5Ca_0.5)_1-xNd_x](Fe_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃(PCNFN)陶瓷的微波介电性能得到改善是由于少量过剩的Nd³⁺与(Pb,Ca)²⁺的固溶能够消除氧空位.当x=0.02时,能够形成单相的钙钛矿相,随着Nd³⁺置换量的增加,过剩的Nd³⁺将导致第二相焦绿石的形成,焦绿石会恶化PCNFN的微波介电性能.PCNFN介电性能随x的增加而下降是由于焦绿石相随x增加的结果.当x=0.02-0.05,PCNFN陶瓷有很好的微波介电性能,介电常数K>100,Qf值为5385-5797GHz,频率温度系数TCF随Nd³⁺含量的增加从正的变为负的.     

Structures and electrical properties of (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3–Li(Ta0.5Nb0.5)O3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Solid solutions of (Na_0.5K_0.5)NbO₃ (NKN) and Li(Ta_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃ (LTN) were investigated as a potential candidate of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. It was found that the Curie temperature of solid solutions increases slightly with increasing the LTN content and simultaneously the polymorphic phase transition temperature linearly decrease till below room temperature. An orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transformation at room temperature, or a morphotropic phase boundary, in NKN is induced by ~7 at% LTN addition, where the best dielectric, piezoelectric and electromechanical properties are achieved. The 0.94NKN–0.07LTN ceramics possess a dielectric constant of 765, a loss tangent of 0.04 at 1 kHz, a piezoelectric constant d₃₃ of 253 pC/N and an electromechanical coupling factor k_p of 48%.     

La0.5-xCexBa0.5CoO3化合物的磁性和输运特性

在La0.5Ba0.5CoO3中,系统研究了Ce对La的替代效应.Ce的掺入首先产生了电荷转移效应.材料高温磁化率测量表明,每个Ce原子向Co的3d壳层转移2.86个电子,结果随Ce掺入量增加,材料磁矩成线性下降.另外,随Ce含量增加,材料居里温度单调下降,这是由于稀土离子的尺寸效应.在所研究的温度范围内,所有材料的导电机理都属于极化子的变程跳跃导电.由于电荷转移效应,使材料电阻率随Ce掺入量增加而迅速加大.当La全部被Ce替代后,室温下材料的电阻率提高了五个数量级以上.