介绍一种新的水质判断指数—Puckorius指数

本文扼要介绍了一种新的水质判断指数－Ｐｕｃｋｏｒｉｕｓ指数（ＰＳＩ）的定义、计算方法和判断标准，并举例说明了它的预测结果比Ｌａｎｇｅｌｉｅｒ指数和Ｒｙｚｎａｒ指数更符合实际情况，尤其在ＰＨ＞８府０时。     

水的电导率与结垢倾向关系研究

利用Langelier指数、Ryznar指数和Puckorius指数判断水的结垢倾向,得出电导率与结垢倾向的关系,把电导率1 500μS/cm作为循环水结垢与否的判断标准.     

地热水腐蚀结垢趋势的判断和计算

地热水供暖系统的运行会出现腐蚀结垢现象,对地热水腐蚀结垢趋势做出了计算和判断。工程实例表明,在地热水的Cl-物质的量分数大于25%时,用雷诺兹指数判断有局限性,此时,应结合拉申指数进行水质判断,才能使判断结果符合实际。     

国内首个塑料原料商品指数诞生

2005年11月21日，“广东塑料交易所塑料原料商品指数”（广塑指数）在广东塑料交易所诞生。这是我国第一个由交易所发布的塑料原料商品指数，对于判断塑料原料市场行情走势具有重要意义。     

水质稳定性指数判定法简析

冷却水系统中最常见的结垢物是碳酸钙。我国的天然水多属重碳酸盐型，易于产生碳酸钙垢，为此人们常利用水质指数来判断所使用的某种具体条件下水在实际运行中将发生结垢或腐蚀问题。本文介绍了几种常见的水质指数，或腐蚀问题。本文介绍了几种常见的水质指数，并对其进行了简单的评价分析。     

试论粉磨动力学指数方程式常数与参数间的关系

应用粉磨动力学指数方程式指导生产时，经常遇到它的两个常数与三个参数相互关系的困扰，再加上计量与测量上的误差，便得不出比较正确的结果，对生产操作状态作不出正确的判断，使粉磨动力学的指数方程式的应用受到了阻碍。本文试探性地理论上阐述了它们之间的相互关系，以有助于它的运用。     

一种用水驱曲线确定油田单井最佳提液时机的方法

本文在对油田单井提液理论和应用现状进行分析的基础上,研究并提出一种用于判断单井最佳提液时机的新方法。该方法首先对单井动态生产数据进行甲型处理,并通过甲型水驱曲线拟合相对渗透率曲线的油相、水相指数和水油流度比;再由此作出无因次采油、采液指数曲线图并进行最佳提液时机分析。所提出的理论和方法对油田开发把握单井提液措施的有利时机,提高作业成功率具有一定的实际应用价值。     

综合污染指数法在环境影响后评价中的应用

通过实例应用,对比了单因子指数法和综合污染指数法在说明水质变化趋势方面的作用,结果发现应用综合污染指数法对地表水水质的变化趋势进行判断时较为合适,且在单因子指数法的基础上开展时较为简单,适合在环境影响后评价过程中开展应用。但在使用该方法时注意监测数据应该能够比较好地表征环境要素质量或条件,如监测点、采样时间、周期、频率等方面要具有时空的一致性。     

通过润滑油PQ指数变化判断立磨磨辊轴承损伤情况

我公司1条10?000 t/d熟料生产线于2017年11月份点火投产，为保证设备安全、高效、稳定运行，关键设备每季度定期取油品进行理化性能指标检测，了解设备油品状态情况。2018年6月份周期油品检测发现一台立磨磨辊油液PQ指数严重超标，PQ指数正常值在50以下，数值越大说明润滑油中铁系金属的含量越多，表明设备存在异常磨损越严重。通过分析，判断磨辊轴承损伤是造成PQ指数上升的主要原因之一，2018年8月份窑系统检修时对该磨辊进行拆检发现轴承存在损伤现象。     

结焦指数模型的研究

正确判断焦炭成熟度对提高焦炭质量和降低炼焦耗热量十分重要,而采用结焦指数模型可定量判断焦炭成熟度。通过测定粗煤气温度的6种方法和试验数据,获得结焦指数模型CI=τC/τmax(炭化时间/火落时间)。同时根据不同炉型和结焦时间找出最佳CI值,并用于焦炉加热优化串级调控工艺(OCC)。     

玻璃钢在地热系统中的实验研究

通过玻璃钢在天津两种典型地热水介质中进行吸水性能试验以及耐地热水浸泡试验，得出玻璃钢在地热水中具有较好的适用性。     

Comparison of indices for the scaling and corrosion tendency of water

Three commonly used fouling indices to characterize the scaling and corrosion tendencies of water, namely the Saturation Index, the Langelier Saturation Index and the Ryznar Stability Index, have been compared and checked for consistency. While the first two indices give similar results, major deviations between the predictions of saturation and stability indices were found.     

水厂水质的腐蚀性及防蚀处理

调查研究了我国南方六省40座水厂水质的腐蚀性及其防蚀工艺。腐蚀性水损坏水厂的铁质设施,并使管网水呈黄色。饱和指数I_L小于-0.6、稳定指数I_R大于8以及含有高浓度侵蚀性二氧化碳的水,一般都有腐蚀性。这种水的腐蚀性,可用投加石灰、氢氧化钠或苏打的方法控制;微生物导致的腐蚀可用加氯法防止。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定地热水中8种微量元素

地热能作为一种新能源已经得到了广泛的开发及应用。为了进一步深入研究,将采来的地热水进行酸化,然后用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)对地热水中的8种微量元素(Fe、Mn、Li、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr)进行了分析测定。拟定了测定方法,方法的检出限在0.5~2.4μg/L,样品精密度(n=6)在0.59%~4.65%之间,加标回收率在94.22%~105.51%之间,测定结果令人满意。为地热水中微量元素的检测、分析提供了快速、准确的方法。     

A New Practical Index For Predicting Safe Maximum Operating Cycles Of Concentration In Ozonated Cooling Towers

A new useful index for predicting the maximum safe operating cycles of concentration in ozonated cooling systems is reported. This index utilizes simple, easily obtainable makeup water quality parameters including conductivity, alkalinity, calcium and magnesium hardness, chloride, and sodium and is easily calculated. The index provides greatly improved correlation with real-world-derived scaling tendencies in ozonated cooling systems compared to conventional scaling indices such as the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), the Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), and the Puckorius Stability Index (PSI). A simplified version of the index utilizing only total hardness also can be used to establish quickly maximum operating cycles of concentration in well characterized, but very rapidly changing water supplies.     

Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Water by Combined Adsorption Methods

Recovery of Li⁺ from geothermal water has been investigated using a combination of adsorptive separation with magnetite and λ-MnO₂ adsorbents. The inhibition of Li⁺ adsorption together with decomposition of λ-MnO₂ was observed when geothermal water containing As was fed to the column in which λ-MnO₂ was packed. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) was therefore used for removal of As from the geothermal water, prior to adsorption of Li⁺. Using As removal from the geothermal water with magnetite, decomposition of λ-MnO₂ was significantly prevented during adsorption of Li⁺, although a small amount of As still remained.     

正交设计法对呕必宁颗粒剂水提取工艺的研究

目的:通过正交试验法考察呕必宁颗粒剂的水提制备工艺。方法:以橙皮苷和干膏收率的综合指标作为考核指标,通过L9(34)正交试验设计考察水提的制备工艺条件,确定呕必宁颗粒剂的最佳水提工艺。结果:水提制备工艺影响因素大小依次是:加水量(A)>煎煮时间(B)>煎煮次数(C),最佳制备工艺条件为A3B3C3,即处方药材加12倍量水,提取3 h,提取3次。结论:筛选出最佳的水提工艺条件。     

Removal of Fluoride from Geothermal Water by Electrodialysis (ED)

Abstract

Removal of fluoride from geothermal water by electrodialysis (ED) was studied. ED operation was performed according to two methods. In the first method, before the ED operation, the pH of geothermal waters was adjusted to 7?7.5 by the addition of the HCl solution to prevent the precipitation of divalent salts in the concentrate compartment. In the second method, geothermal water was pretreated to precipitate the calcium ions. It was obtained that fluoride was effectively removed from geothermal water by electrodialysis using both of these pretreatment methods. However, it is preferable to use the first method because of its technically simple procedure and lower cost of chemicals used.     

Ozonation In Direct Filtration

The effects of pre-ozonation on the effluent quality and the head losses through a deep filter were investigated using two identical deep bed filters receiving the same raw water. One of the influents to the filters was pre-ozonated and the other was aerated using identical contact chambers and diffusers. It was observed that the pre-ozonated filter resulted in significantly better effluent quality. It was found that the delay time after the pre-ozonation process has an important effect in direct filtration. The shorter the delay time, the less is the head loss and the better is the effluent quality. Indices that calculate Specific Energy (cm of head required per gram of solids captured) in deep bed filters were developed. The Filterability Index given in the literature and the Specific Energy values were used to compare the performance of the two identical filters receiving the same raw water. It was shown that the pre-ozonated water required on average 1.1 times more specific energy compared to the same aerated water and the experiments with short ozone delay times had on average 4.9 times less specific energy compared to the long delay experiments.