光致变色材料的制备、性能及变色机理

光致变色材料可广泛应用于光信息存储、民用生活、防伪、军事等不同领域,引起人们越来越多的关注。本文主要综述了有机类(含螺吡喃、螺噁嗪、偶氮苯、二芳基乙烯、俘精酸酐、席夫碱)、无机类(含多金属氧酸盐、过渡金属氧化物、金属卤化物)以及有机-无机复合类光致变色材料的制备、性能、变色机理和研究进展,同时,简单介绍了光致变色材料的应用,最后对其研究发展做出展望。     

无机光致变色材料研究进展

无机光致变色材料具有许多优于有机光致变色材料的优良特性,进而广泛地应用在信息存储、智能窗、太阳镜、传感器、智能开关、国防等诸多领域。笔者综述了无机光致变色材料的研究、发展进程,并对无机光致变色材料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

有机光致变色化合物及其在生物质材料改性中的应用

光致变色材料具有明显的光学活性,在特定波长的光的照射激发下,其颜色会随材料分子结构的异构化而发生可逆的变化。为了开发新型的光致变色材料,国内外学者在林产品和其他材料的改性上做了大量的研究工作,并取得了许多的研究成果。本文阐述了螺吡喃类、偶氮苯类、二芳基乙烯类和水杨醛席夫碱类等目前研究较多的4种有机光致变色化合物及其在材料改性上的应用;在探讨有机光致变色化合物光致变色机理、分析有机光致变色化合物研究现状的基础上,展望了有机光致变色化合物在生物质材料改性中的研究前景。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备无机基质/有机杂化光学材料及其光学性能研究

探索一种制备无机基质/有机杂化光功能材料的途径,采用溶胶-凝胶法在无机基质溶胶中分别掺杂自制的5种有机发光材料,制备出透明、均匀的有机-无机杂化发光薄膜,研究其发光行为,探讨发光行为的规律。     

无机光致变色材料的研究进展

感光材料是现代社会中非常重要的一类材料,它被广泛应用在建筑、信息、照明、汽车等方面。在众多感光材料中,无机光致变色材料凭借其优异的光、电、磁性能长期以来受到青睐,是近些年的研究热点。其种类主要包括多金属氧酸盐、过渡金属氧化物、金属卤化物、金属叠氮化物等。由于无机材料不易进行分子修饰与剪裁,因此将无机和有机感光材料复合而成的复合感光材料也吸引着越来越多的人的兴趣,其中主要是无机/高分子复合体系。复合感光材料将是一个重要的研究方向,它将有更加广阔的应用前景。     

光子功能金属-有机框架材料研究进展

金属-有机框架材料是一种由金属离子或金属簇与有机桥联配体通过配位作用组装形成的新型无机-有机复合多孔材料。无机、有机组分在分子水平的复合使得框架材料能够兼具无机和有机基元各自的特点和性能并产生协同作用,有序微孔则为组装客体分子实现光子学性能的调控甚至新光子功能的出现提供了可能。金属-有机框架材料在发光和非线性光学等光子学领域的应用正受到越来越多的关注。本文系统总结了国家自然科学基金重点项目"有序微孔材料的光子功能构筑基础研究"的最新成果,包括金属-有机框架材料的设计思路和可控制备方法,以及有机染料、钙钛矿量子点在有序微孔金属-有机框架材料中的组装,并对今后的发展方向和应用前景作了展望。     

常见有机光致变色体系的研究现状

介绍了常见的有机光致变色材料体系,光致变色材料在染料、民用品等方面的应用,开发有机光致变色材料作为记录介质的光盘,已成为高技术领域的一项重大课题。综述了光致变色材料在国际和国内的研究现状。光致变色材料是当前高科技领域重要的研究课题,光致变色材料在光信息存储的高科技领域、在防伪材料、装饰材料、具有广阔的应用价值和发展前景。     

有机光致变色功能薄膜的制备与应用研究进展

有机光致变色功能薄膜作为一类极具潜力的特殊材料,在传感器、光信息存储介质、环境装饰与伪装等领域有着巨大的应用前景。本文介绍了溶液成膜法、浸涂、旋涂、喷涂、L-B膜法、分子自组装法、真空蒸镀法等有机光致变色功能薄膜的制备方法,综述了其最新应用进展,并对其研究趋势进行了分析。     

陶瓷材料新术语诠释(六)

变色材料ChromicMaterials 变色陶瓷ChromicCeramics 具有特殊组成和结构的材料,当受到光、热、电、辐射、压力等外界刺激后能自动变更其颜色的称为变色材料。根据使材料变色的作用机理可将变色材料划分为以下几种:光致变色材料、热致变色材料、电致变色材料、压致变色材料等。(1)光致变色材料(光敏变色材料)(Photo-chromicMaterials) 一些化合物在某些波长的光照射下,其颜色会发生可逆变化。光致变色材料在图像显示、信息存储技术、光装饰材料及防伪技术等领域中应用广泛。无机化合物和有机化合物都有光致变色现象。光变色有机…     

面向建筑节能的安全型墙体保温复合材料研究进展

随着人们节能环保意识的提升,建筑节能问题逐渐引起了人们的关注。墙体保温技术是建筑节能中应用较为广泛的技术之一,墙体保温经历了外墙内保温、夹芯层保温、外墙外保温等发展历程。其中外墙外保温因其节能效果好等特点而被大力推广应用。鉴于目前推广应用的有机、无机外墙外保温材料各自存在保温性能差、阻燃性能不佳和结构强度低等问题,对于阻燃性好、安全性高的有机/无机复合墙体保温材料的研究逐渐引起了研究者们的兴趣。本文综述了用于墙体保温的有机/无机复合保温材料的研究进展。重点介绍有机泡沫基复合保温材料和胶凝材料基复合保温材料。有机泡沫,包括聚氨酯、酚醛树脂、聚苯乙烯泡沫;无机胶凝材料,包括水泥、石膏。有机泡沫基复合材料旨在提高材料的阻燃性能、结构强度及韧性等;胶凝材料基复合材料则考察材料的保温性能、防水性能及材料成本等。最后,对有机/无机复合保温材料的发展趋势作出了展望。     

Progress in graphene-based photoactive nanocomposites as a promising class of photocatalyst

Carbon nanomaterials based nanocomposites have gained increasing interest owing to their potential applications in many aspects, such as photocatalysis, solar cells, solar fuel, etc. Graphene, as a new type of carbon nanomaterial, has attracted consideration attention due to its unique two-dimensional conjugated structure and electronic properties. In this feature article, we cover recent advances in the applications of graphene-based photoactive nanocomposites in environmental remediation and energy conversion, including photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants, photoelectrochemical solar cells, and solar fuel production. Finally, the perspectives of the challenges and opportunities in this emerging area are also discussed.     

Recent advances in photorefractive and photoactive polymers for holographic applications

The current state‐of‐the‐art of photorefractive and photoactive polymers for holographic applications is summarized and reviewed. Photorefractive polymers and some kinds of photoactive materials based on the azobenzene chromophore have great potential for updatable holographic applications. Updatable three‐dimensional holographic displays of large size have been developed using photorefractive polymers as well as photoactive azobenzene materials. Time responses of photorefractive polymers of the order of seconds and hundreds of milliseconds are currently improved to be of the order of milliseconds to hundreds of microseconds with high diffraction efficiency and high optical gain. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

蛋白质光学信息记录材料细菌视紫红质

光敏蛋白质细菌视紫红质(bR)存在于嗜盐菌紫膜中。bR分子吸收光子后,视黄醛构型发生变化,产生一系列中间态并经历一个独特的光循环过程,同时完成质子泵功能。bR具有高的空间分辨率、高的光灵敏度、高的循环次数及良好的热稳定性和非线性光学特性,是一种性能优良的生物光学材料,可广泛应用于空间光调制器、投影显示、全息记录、模式识别、光学信息存储等方面,在分子电子学、生物计算机等领域具有诱人的应用前景。     

Optimization of an organic photovoltaic device via modulation of thickness of photoactive and optical spacer layers

We examine the modulation effects of thicknesses of both a photoactive layer (a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM)) and an optical spacer of a transparent metal oxide, for power conversion efficiency optimization of organic photovoltaic devices. The redistribution of the optical intensity at the photoactive layer via the thickness modulation of both layers is taken into account, to produce three-dimensional (3D) plots as a function of both layer thicknesses of 0 to 400 nm range (5 nm step), for the device efficiency optimization. The modulation pattern of absorption is produced in the 3D plot as scanning the thicknesses of both layers as a result of modulation of interference between incoming and reflected light, which can be secured by changing the effective optical path length between two electrodes of a photovoltaic device. It is also seen that the case of inserting the spacer of the higher refractive index demands finer adjustment of the spacer layer thickness to achieve the optimum device efficiency.In addition, the series resistance of the photoactive layer of the thickness range of 0 to 70 nm is taken into account to provide the 3D plots as a function of the scanned thicknesses of both layers. Inclusion of the series resistance of the photoactive layer, which is also the function of its thickness, in the simulation, indicates that the series resistance can influence qualitatively the dependence of power conversion efficiency (PCE) on the thicknesses of both layers. We also find that minimization of series resistance, e.g., by device annealing, allows not only the relevant voltage to increase but also the optimum thickness of the photoactive layer to increase, leading to more absorption of light.     

Photosensitive polynorbornene based dielectric. II. Sensitivity and spatial resolution

Photodefinable poly(decylnorbornene‐co‐epoxidenorbornene) copolymer has been developed as a dielectric material for electronic packaging applications. The photodefinition properties of the polymer are affected by the copolymer composition, the concentration of photoactive compound and the process conditions. In particular, ultra‐high contrast conditions were found to promote the fabrication of vertical sidewall structures. For photodefined structures, the vertical sidewalls were obtained at specific formulations and process conditions. Under different conditions, non‐vertical features were observed. Rutherford backscattering analysis (RBS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the photodefinition properties. In this article, a mechanism based on the diffusion of photoactive compounds from the exposed area to the unexposed area is presented. The transport of photoactive compounds takes place through the free volume that results from solvent evaporation. The diffusion of the photoactive compounds to the surface of the polymer film results in a higher concentration of photogenerated acid at the surface. The movement of the photoactive compounds occurs in both the in‐plane and through‐plane directions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3031–3039, 2004     

铝阳极氧化多孔膜功能化应用的新趋向

铝阳极氧化形成的具有独特结构的多孔膜的功能化，近年来正逐渐引起人们的重视，在用于研制诸如分离膜及分离催化膜，光学元件，磁化膜材料，选择性吸收膜等功能材料方面，已显示出良好的应用前景。铝阳极氧化多孔膜的功能化为研制新型功能材料开辟了又一新途径。     

塑料光导纤维(POF)发展状况

塑料光纤质轻、韧性好、芯径大、易加工、成本低,所以在数据通信、图象传输等方面多较广泛的应用.本文在简述了塑料光纤结构、材料性能、制造方法的基础上,又介绍了塑料光纤的应用、国内外发展状况及其研究方向.     

酞菁类化合物在有机光电探测领域的研究进展

有机光电探测器因其探测波长的可调谐性、低成本制造、易与柔性/轻质器件兼容等优点，在图像显示、光学通信、生物传感等前沿科技领域备受关注。酞菁类化合物由于具有窄而可调的光学带隙、优异的物理化学稳定性、较高的光生载流子效率等优点在有机光电探测器核心功能层—光活性层中极具应用潜力，成为近年来被重点研究的一类光敏材料。本文介绍了酞菁类化合物的结构、性质和分类，简述了光电探测器的探测原理、器件基本结构和光电特性参数，重点回顾并分析了不同类型酞菁化合物在有机光电探测器光活性层的制备、探测波长的调节、器件功能的整体优化等方面的研究进展和影响因素，总结并展望了酞菁类化合物在有机光电探测领域未来的发展方向。     

Conjugated polyelectrolytes: A new class of semiconducting material for organic electronic devices

This feature article presents a short review of the recent developments in the synthesis of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) along with their applications in organic optoelectronic devices with particular focus on the molecular structures of CPEs with ionic functionality, synthetic approaches, and their utilization as an interfacial layer. The orthogonal solubility of the CPEs allows the simple preparation of multilayer organic devices by solution casting on top of a nonpolar organic photoactive layer without disturbing the interfaces, showing their effectiveness in tuning the electronic structures at the interfaces for improving the charge carrier transport and resulting device properties. These achievements highlight the dynamic nature of CPEs and their applicability to a wide range of optoelectronic devices.     

Incorporation of lead phthalocyanine into periodic nanolayered assemblies for advanced optical systems

Periodically structured polymeric materials can lead to the next generation of electro‐optic and nonlinear optical devices for applications in information technology. Layer‐multiplying melt coextrusion is an attractive method for fabricating periodic structures with thousands of alternating polymer microlayers or nanolayers. Many advanced applications for periodic polymeric structures would be enabled by locating a photoactive dye in one or both layers. However, it is anticipated that due to the thinness of the individual layers and the relatively low molecular weight of many dyes, a substantial fraction of the dye will diffuse from the doped layers into the undoped layers during melt coextrusion. In the present study, we demonstrate two methods for confining the activity of a photoactive dye, lead phthalocyanine, to the doped layers. Polycarbonate containing lead phthalocyanine was coextruded with undoped polyester as an assembly of 128 alternating 86 nm‐thick layers. Using the absorption spectra, we demonstrated that a high concentration of the monomer form persisted in the polycarbonate layers, whereas the lead form was converted to the less active lead‐free form in the polyester layers. Thus, the active monomer form of PbPc(β‐CP)₄ was maintained selectively in the polycarbonate layers. In the second approach, the coextrusion process was altered so that the alternating polycarbonate and polyester layers were separated by a thin layer of a barrier polymer. The barrier layer prevented diffusion of the dye during melt coextrusion and the dye remained selectively in the polycarbonate layers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009