铈对SO42-/TiO2/Al-PILC固体超强酸改性的研究

用铈对固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/铝交联膨润土(SO42-/TiO2/Al-PILC)进行改性,制备了Ce-SO42-/TiO2/Al-PILC稀土超强酸,并采用XRD、低温N2吸附法及吡啶吸附红外等方法对其进行了结构、表面性能及酸性的表征.实验结果表明,铈引人SO42-/TiO2/Al-PILC超强酸对TiO2锐钛矿晶相的形成没有影响,但对锐钛矿晶相向金红石相的转变有促进作用,铈的引人使催化剂的酸强度及酸中心的数量略有下降,铈能有效地减少催化剂表面SO42-的流失量,从而提高了催化剂的活性稳定性.     

焙烧温度对介孔Pd/Fe(OH)_x低温催化氧化CO性能的影响

CO的催化氧化不仅在环境保护方面有着重要的作用,同时也是催化研究中最常用的模型反应,如何制备高效的CO氧化催化剂是催化领域研究的热点之一。采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵辅助-共沉淀法制备介孔Pd/Fe(OH)_x催化剂,并研究不同温度焙烧对催化剂低温催化氧化CO性能的影响。通过N2低温吸附脱附,X射线衍射(XRD),H2-程序升温还原,透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线能谱(XPS)等方法研究催化剂的结构与性能。研究发现,350℃焙烧得到催化剂的催化活性最佳,其中比表面积为199 m2·g-1,孔径为5.8 nm。催化剂Pd/Fe(OH)_x能在-10℃实现CO完全转化。这是由于催化剂中贵金属Pd与载体Fe(OH)_x强的相互作用使得部分载体与Pd共还原,从而使得催化剂表面具有较多的不饱和的Fe~(2+),促进了对氧的吸附和活化。即CO的吸附中心和氧活化中心分离,贵金属Pd作为CO的吸附中心,Fe(OH)_x或者Fe Ox作为氧的活化中心,从而提高了催化剂的低温反应性能。     

可见光驱动的核壳结构Ag_2S@Ag_2CO_3催化剂及其对污染物的降解性能

通过共沉淀与连续沉淀法制备了一系列复合催化剂Ag_2S-Ag_2CO_3(4%,8%,16%,32%和40%Ag_2S)以及Ag_2CO_3@Ag_2S(32%Ag_2S),Ag_2S@Ag_2CO3(32%Ag_2S)异质结光催化剂.利用了N2物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)、瞬态光电流响应(TPR)对所制备的催化剂进行表征.在可见光的照射下,研究Ag2S复合量和核壳结构对Ag_2CO_3降解甲基橙、苯酚和双酚A的光催化活性与稳定性.结果表明:Ag2S/Ag2CO3异质结光催化剂相比Ag2S和Ag2CO3具有更高效的光催化性能.当Ag_2S的掺杂量(质量分数)为32%时,Ag2SAg_2CO_3的光催化降解效率最高.而且Ag2S/Ag2CO3异质结结构对光催化性能有很大影响.对比Ag2SAg2CO3和Ag2CO3@Ag_2S,核壳结构的Ag_2CO_3@Ag_2S拥有更好的活性与稳定性.光催化性能增强的主要原因是Ag2S/Ag2CO3异质结的形成而拥有优异的表面性能与独特的电子结构.同时,Ag_2S/Ag_2CO_3异质结结构可以很好地促进光生电子空穴的分离与·OH自由基的产生.更重要的是,表壳Ag2S的低溶解性可以有效地保护核心Ag2CO3,使Ag2CO3更加稳定.     

不同晶相MnO2催化剂的NH3-SCO反应性能

以柴油车尾气净化过程中氨逃逸的治理为背景,采用水热合成法制备了不同晶相(α-,β-和δ-)MnO₂、并考察晶相结构对低温氨气选择性催化氧化(NH₃-SCO)反应性能的影响;并运用多种手段,如X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、氮气低温吸-脱附、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、氧气程序升温脱附(O₂-TPD)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)等对催化剂的组织结构、化学状态和氧化还原性能进行表征。研究结果发现MnO₂的晶相结构和隧道结构与氨气选择性催化氧化反应性能密切相关。具有独特的[2×2]隧道结构的α-MnO₂具有最佳的反应性能,NH3可在175℃实现全转化且N₂选择性为94%,其在120℃时的反应速率是具有层状结构δ-MnO₂的12倍。α-MnO₂表面具有较高的Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺比有利于催化剂氧化还原性能的提高和对氧的活化,丰富的酸中心和酸量有助于对NH3吸附和活化;二者的共同作用使得该催化剂具有良好的反应性能。     

一种碳酸酯Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

合成了一种碳酸酯基Cemini表面活性剂C12H29(CH3)2N+CH2CH2OCO2CH2CH2N+-(CH3)2C12H29·2Br-(I).二(N,N-二甲基胺基乙基)碳酸酯(Ⅱ)与1-溴代十二烷反应,经乙腈重结晶后,得白色固体产物,收率为59.2%(以Ⅱ计).采用IR、1HNMR、元素分析表征了I的结构,两相滴定法分析其纯度为98.5%.电导法测定其CMC值为1.12×l0-3mol·L-1,滴体积法测定γCMC为38.59mN·m-1,并研究了其乳化、泡沫以及在活性炭上吸附性能.     

H_2O对不同状态Pd催化剂上低浓度CO催化氧化性能的影响

采用不同的Pd前驱体,通过浸渍法制备了系列Al_2O_3负载Pd催化剂,研究表明:Pd的化学状态、卤素离子的引入等不仅可直接影响催化剂的氧化活性,还可影响气氛中H_2O的作用。当Pd以氧化态存在时,以Pd(NO_3)_2的HBr溶液为前驱体所制备得到的BrC催化剂具有最高的反应活性,而以PdCl_2的HCl溶液为前驱体所得ClC催化剂的活性最低;经H2还原后,催化剂的活性均有显著的提高,其中以Pd(NO_3)_2为前驱体所得CH催化剂表现出最高的CO氧化活性,另外两种催化剂活性相差不大。同时对于还原态催化剂,气氛中的H_2O可抑制CH表面CO的吸附,并有利于O_2的吸附和活化,从而显著提高了CO的氧化活性;但Cl和Br引入后,H_2O的存在对CO吸附和活性影响不明显。当Pd以氧化态形式存在时,H_2O的引入可促进BrC和C催化剂上的CO氧化,其中BrC催化剂上的促进作用最为明显,但却抑制了以PdCl2的HCl溶液为前驱体所得ClC催化剂上的CO氧化。     

稀土固体超强酸Gd3+- SO2-4/ZrO2催化合成乙酸正丁酯

采用乙酸、正丁醇为原料,以固体超强酸Gd3+ -SO2-4/ZrO2作为催化剂,催化合成乙酸正丁酯.用固体超强酸Gd3+ -SO2-4/ZrO2和SO2-4/ZrO2进行催化活性对比试验,考察浸渍硫酸浓度、浸渍时间、焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响以及原料酸醇比、反应时间、催化剂用量对酯化率的影响,从而确定固体超强酸的最佳制备条件.试验结果表明:在反应温度105～110℃,催化剂用量1.5g,n(正丁醇)∶n(乙酸)=2.5∶1,反应时间2.5h条件下,酯化率可达98.86％;催化剂重复使用效果明显;加Gd3+的固体超强酸的催化活性明显增强.     

掺杂稀土BaTiO3的制备及镍基催化剂的活性

采用柠檬酸盐法和溶胶-凝胶法合成出稀土掺杂的BaTiO3,并考察了稀土离子掺杂对BaTiO3颗粒粒径的影响。测定了掺杂BaTiO3的比表面积、晶相、粒度等粉体性能,指出稀土离子有抑制BaTiO3晶粒长大的作用。稀土掺杂的BaTiO3作镍基催化剂载体,以CO2/CH4重整制合成气为探针反应,评价了这些催化剂的催化活性,实验表明掺杂稀土有助于提高催化活性。     

CO2激光辐照工艺对非晶Fe73.5Cu1Nb3S13.5B9合金晶化的影响

在较低激光功率(40～170 W)和两种扫描速度(10mm/s,5mm/s)辐照条件下,研究了CO2激光辐照工艺对非晶Fe73.5Cu1Nb3S13.5B9合金晶化行为的影响.用穆斯堡尔谱(MS)技术对原始态和晶化后样品进行了结构分析.研究发现:非晶Fe73.5Cu1Nb3S13.5B9表面产生了少量晶化,晶化相为Fe-Si结构;晶化量在2.1%～3.57%内,随激光功率的增加而增加.当激光功率较低时,低扫描速度对晶化的促进作用大于激光功率的作用;但是,随激光功率增大,速度的影响变弱.表面微观硬度随激光功率的增加而增加.     

Ni/Al_2O_3及La改性Ni/Al_2O_3催化CO浆态床甲烷化性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/Al2O3及La改性的Ni-La/Al2O3催化剂,并考察了其浆态床CO甲烷化反应性能。借助XRD、H2-TPR、CO-TPD、H2-TPD等对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,La助剂改性制备的Ni-La/Al2O3催化剂较Ni/Al2O3催化剂具有更高的CO甲烷化活性,La助剂的添加促进了Ni物种在载体表面的分散,降低了还原温度,增强了催化剂对CO和H2的吸附能力。La助剂的添加次序对甲烷化活性影响较大,采用共浸渍法制备的催化剂具有最佳的甲烷化活性,CO转化率达到96.3%,CH4选择性和时空收率分别达到87.1%和179.6 m L·kg-1·h-1,优于先浸渍Ni后浸渍La或先浸渍La后浸渍Ni制备的催化剂。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.