1，1，3-三甲基-3-苯基茚满的催化合成木

本文研究了在酸性离子液体的催化作用下α-甲基苯乙烯二聚合成1,1,3-三甲基-3-苯基茚满。实验结果表明,在无溶剂的条件下室温离子液体（CH3CH2）3NHCl-AlCl3对该反应具有很高的催化活性和目标产物的选择性,反应进行到5min即可达到100%的α-甲基苯乙烯转化率和97%的环状二聚物1,1,3-三甲基-3-苯基茚满的选择性。     

四氯化锡催化合成1,1,1-三甲基-3-苯基茚满

以α-甲基苯乙烯为原料,SnCl4为催化剂高效合成了1,1,1-三甲基-3-苯基茚满,考察了影响1,1,1-三甲基-3-苯基茚满收率的各种因素,确定最佳反应条件为：催化剂用量为α-甲基苯乙烯质量的1%,反应温度140℃,反应3h,1,1,1-三甲基-3-苯基茚满收率可达92%以上。结果表明,SnCl4具有催化活性好,环境污染小的特点,是合成1,1,1-三甲基-3-苯基茚满的良好催化剂。     

1,1,3-三甲基-3-苯基茚满的合成及表征

以α-甲基苯乙烯为原料，活性白土为催化剂，聚合成l，l，3-三甲基-3-苯基茚满并进行了表征，考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对收率的影响。结果表明：在温度为150℃、催化剂用量为原料质量的7．5％、反应时间为5h的条件下，产品收率为89．06％。产品用适宜溶剂重结晶后，纯度可达99．9％。     

高效液相色谱法测定1,1,3-三甲基-3-苯基茚满

采用SpherisorbC18色谱柱,以甲醇 水(95:5)为流动相,流速1 0ml.min 1,254nm为检测波长,建立测定1,1,3 三甲基 3 苯基茚满的高效液相色谱法。进样量在1 6～32μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998)。回收率在98%～102%,RSD不大于0.73%。方法操作简单,分析快速、准确,适用于1,1,3 三甲基 3 苯基茚满的质量控制分析。     

硝-硫混酸硝化1,3,3-三甲基-1-苯基茚满工艺优化及反应热危险性等级评定

以1,3,3-三甲基-1-苯基茚满为原料,与硝-硫混酸进行硝化反应合成5(6)-硝基-1-(4-硝基苯基)-1,3,3-三甲基茚满(DNPI),用红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(^(1)H-NMR)对其结构进行了表征,对硝化反应溶剂、反应时间、反应温度和物料配比进行考察。结果表明:n(1,3,3-三甲基-1-苯基茚满)∶n(硝酸)∶n(硫酸)=1.00∶2.15∶6.00,氯仿为溶剂,在25℃下反应时间3 h,DNPI的粗收率为98.6%。对优化后的工艺进行反应热安全风险测试和评估,得到硝化反应工艺的危险度等级为1级。     

5-溴-1-甲基吲哚-2,3-二酮的合成

N-甲基-N-对溴苯基-α-甲硫基乙酰胺与高碘酸钠反应得到N-甲基-N-对溴苯基-α-甲亚磺酰基乙酰胺,收率93%,再在对甲苯磺酸作用下发生分子内的Pummerer反应,得到5-溴-1-甲基-3-甲硫基-吲哚-2-酮,收率78%,进一步与二乙酰氧基碘苯反应,得到标题化合物,收率63%,通过IR1、3CNMR1、HNMR等波谱方法证明了产物的结构。     

2-(1,1,2,3,3-五甲基茚满)异丙醇的制备与纯化

以1,1,2,3,3-五甲基茚满与环氧丙烷为原料,二氯甲烷为溶剂,无水氯化铝催化合成2-(1,1,2,3,3-五甲基茚满)异丙醇(俗称茚满醇)。考察了原料摩尔比、无水氯化铝用量、反应温度对茚满醇选择性的影响。采用超声辅助溶解-结晶的方式对产品进行了纯化。结果表明,在-10～-15℃时,原料摩尔比n(五甲基茚满)∶n(环氧丙烷)∶n(无水氯化铝)=1∶1.2∶1.2的条件下反应2 h,五甲基茚满转化率55.8%,茚满醇选择性99%。经结晶纯化后茚满醇纯度达99%,避免了减压蒸馏产生的焦杂味。通过FTIR、GC-MS、HRESIMS、元素分析、1HNMR和13CNMR对茚满醇结构进行了表征。     

离子液体催化氧化2,3,6-三甲基苯酚合成2,3,5-三甲基苯醌

研究了离子液体作为助催化剂催化氧化2,3,6-三甲基苯酚合成2,3,5-三甲基苯醌的反应。催化剂CuCl₂和MnCl₂的用量分别为2,3,6-三甲基苯酚物质的量的10%,助催化剂离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐用量为2,3,6-三甲基苯酚物质的量的20%,空气中的氧气为氧化剂, 80 ℃反应4 h,转化率100%,选择性92.60%。在后处理过程中,离子液体易于分离和回收利用,为工业合成2,3,5-三甲基苯醌提供了一种较好的选择。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐的合成研究

以1-溴丁烷和N-甲基咪唑为原料合成了中间体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑,以中间体与NaBF4进行复分解反应制备了离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐。探讨了投料比、反应时间、反应温度对中间体和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐产率的影响,确定了最佳合成条件。在此工艺条件下,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐产率可达85%以上。     

1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐的合成研究

以溴乙烷和N-甲基咪唑为原料合成了中间体溴化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑,以中间体与NaBF4进行复分解反应制备了离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐。探讨了投料比、反应时间、反应温度对中间体和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐产率的影响,确定了最佳合成条件。在此工艺条件下,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐产率可达94%以上。     

Study on Selective Dimerization of α-Methylstyrenes Promoted by Ionic Liquids

The catalytic systems composed of ionic liquids containing BF₄⁻ anion and HBF₄ showed high catalytic activity to produce 4-methyl-2,4-diphenyl-1-pentene (MDP-1) or 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindan (TPI) under different temperature conditions. Up to 90.8% selectivity to MDP-1 with a 98.7% conversion of α-methylstyrene was obtained at 60 °C in the presence of [HexMIm]BF₄–HBF₄, while exclusive TPI was yielded when the reaction temperature increased to 120 °C. Further studies showed that another ionic liquid, [BMIm]Cl · 2AlCl₃, could act as an excellent catalyst and solvent for the dimerization of α-methylstyrene to produce TPI. The dimerization of α-methylstyrene catalyzed by [HexMIm]BF₄–HBF₄ and [BMIm]Cl · 2AlCl₃ performed the same reaction mechanism and the proton was the active species.     

Wells–Dawson tungsten heteropolyacid-catalyzed highly selective dimerization of α-methylstyrene to 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindan

At 60 °C, the Wells–Dawson tungsten heteropolyacid H₆P₂W₁₈O_{6 2} catalyzes the selective formation of 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindan from α-methylstyrene.     

Heteropolyacid-catalyzed dimerization of α-methylstyrene; on the efficiency and selectivity dependence

In the presence of catalytic amounts of a Keggin (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀), Wells–Dawson (H₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂) or Preyssler (H₁₄NaP₅W₃₀O₁₁₀) heteropolyacid, α-methylstyrene (1) leads to dimers. The efficiency and the selectivity toward 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene (2), 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-2-pentene (3) and 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindan (4) depend on the reaction temperature and the nature of both the catalyst and the solvent. Thus, 2, 3 and 4 can be produced in 45%, 50% and 97% yields, respectively.     

功能性离子液体催化Knoevenagel缩合反应

为了避免挥发性有机溶剂造成环境污染,研究了无溶剂条件下的Knoevenagel缩合反应。以功能性离子液体乳酸乙醇胺盐作催化剂,在无溶剂条件下实现了苯甲醛、甲基苯甲醛、甲氧基苯甲醛、氯代苯甲醛和呋喃醛等芳香醛与氰基乙酸乙酯或丙二腈的Knoevenagel缩合反应。反应在室温条件下,数分钟至1 h内完成,收率81%~98%。反应选择性好,只生成E-烯烃,产物分离过程简便,通过简单的乙醇水溶液洗涤和重结晶即可分离出产物。初步讨论了功能性离子液体乳酸乙醇胺盐催化的Knoevenagel缩合反应机理。     

Diphenylmethane synthesis using ionic liquids as lewis acid catalyst

Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with benzyl chloride was studied by using organochloroaluminate ionic liquids as Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction was performed in the temperature range of 40 to 70 oC at benzene/ benzyl chloride=17, where selectivity to diphenylmethane was high. The optimum AlCl3/BMIC ratio of the ionic liquid for the benzylation reaction was 2. Superior performance was obtained with butyl group constituting the cationic species of the ionic liquid. Stirring speed had a major impact on catalytic activity of the BMIC-AlCl3 ionic liquid; benzyl chloride conversion decreased substantially from 98 to 68% as stirring speed was reduced from 900 to 500 rpm, and eventually no reaction took place at 200 rpm. BMIC-AlCl3 ionic liquid was more active than Fe-MCM-41 at the expense of a small drop in selectivity but still higher than 96% selectivity was obtained. The ionic liquid could be easily recovered after phase separation. The performance of BMIC-AlCl₃ ionic liquid was maintained after the second run with 97.4% conversion and 95.6% selectivity, but a sudden drop in activity was observed after the third run with only 26.8% conversion.     

酸性离子液体作催化剂的硝基苯加氢合成对氨基苯酚

针对硝基苯催化加氢合成对氨基苯酚(PAP)的过程,提出了Pt/SiO2和新型季铵型Brφnsted酸性离子液体N,N,N-三甲基-N-磺丁基硫酸氢铵(［HSO₃-b-N(CH₃)₃］HSO₄)构成的双功能催化体系。考察了离子液体浓度、Pt/SiO₂用量及操作条件对对氨基苯酚收率和选择性的影响。并与硫酸体系进行了对比。在85℃、4 h、0.4 MPa条件下,硝基苯转化率96.6%,对氨基苯酚的选择性为81.4%,优于Pt/SiO₂和硫酸溶液体系。可能的原因是,离子液体增加了硝基苯溶解度,并且抑制了中间产物苯基羟胺的深度加氢。反应后用减压过滤可分离出Pt/SiO₂催化剂;滤液经由萃取、减压蒸馏和结晶析出PAP。结果证明,该双功能催化体系重复使用3次,PAP收率没有明显的下降。     

Synthesis of 2-Methyl-4-methoxyaniline from o-Nitrotoluene Using Pt/C and Acidic Ionic Liquid as Catalyst System

2-Methyl-4-methoxyaniline (MMA) was synthesized by one-pot method through the hydrogenation and Bamberger rearrangement of o-nitrotoluene in methanol using acidic ionic liquid and 3% Pt/C as catalyst system. The effects of ionic liquid type, dosage of ionic liquid and 3% Pt/C, reaction temperature and reaction pressure on o-nitrotoluene conversion and MMA selectivity were investigated. The results indicated that the imidazolium-based acidic ionic liquid which contains SO₃H-functionalized cation showed higher selectivity to MMA than other acidic ionic liquids used in this work. Using 1-(propyl-3-sulfonate)-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate ([HSO₃-pmim][HSO₄]) as the acid catalyst, the selectivity to MMA was as high as 67.6% at 97.8% of o-nitrotoluene conversion. As 3% Pt/C increased from 0.01 g to 0.025 g, the selectivity to MMA decreased from 73.4% to 62.5%, because of the hydrogenation of intermediate o-methyl-phenylhydroxylamine to o-toluidine becoming more dominant. An increase in hydrogen pressure also had obviously dramatic effect in lowering the MMA selectivity. After easy separation from the products, the catalyst system could be reused at least 3 times.     

Gas separation properties of new polyoxadiazole and polytriazole membranes

The gas separation properties of new aromatic poly-1,2,4-triazole and poly-1,3,4-oxadiazole membranes have been systematically investigated. Various functional groups were incorporated as pendent groups onto the polymer backbone of poly-1,2,4-triazoles. A wide permeability/selectivity spectrum was covered with the choice of functional groups incorporated into the polymer backbone of poly-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. High permeabilities were found for poly-1,3,4-oxadiazoles with a 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindane (PIDA-POD) and a 4,4′(2,2′-diphenyl)hexafluor propane (HF-POD) unit in the polymer backbone, while incorporation of a 4,4′-diphenyl ether unit (DPE-POD) results in a polymer with a low permeability but an extremely high selectivity. While the permeabilities vary over four orders of magnitude, the solubility remains almost constant and, therefore, the increase in permeability is mainly due to an increase in diffusivity. The permeability is discussed in terms of the polymer free volume.     

New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (inifers)

Summary Three new symmetrical alkylaromatic sturctures p-bis(3-chloro-1,1,3-trimethylbutyl)benzene (I), p-bis(1,1,3-trimethyl-3-butenyl)benzene (II), and 1,1, 3,3,5,5,7,7-octamethyl-s-hydrindacene (III) have been synthesized. These new model compounds were needed to study the mechanism of intramolecular cycloalkylation (indane-skeleton formation) during the preparation of telechelic polyisobutylenes by the inifer technique. The ¹³C NMR spectrum of polyisobutylene obtained by the p-dicumyl chloride/BCl₃ inifer system has been analyzed and the resonances identified.