化工热力学教学中的“汽”和“气”

“汽”和“气”是化工热力学的两个基本概念,但大部分学生不能厘清二者的区别。为此,我们在化工热力学教学中,首先利用临界温度帮助学生理解“汽”和“气”的关键区别;其次通过“汽液平衡”和“气液平衡”、“蒸汽动力循环”和“燃气动力循环”进一步讨论了“汽”和“气”的不同用法。     

陶瓷杂志征稿启事

《陶瓷》杂志主要包括建筑卫生陶瓷、工业陶瓷、日用陶瓷、先进陶瓷、电子陶瓷及陶瓷机械等无机非金属材料的新技术,新工艺、新产品、新设备等的研制和应用。辟有“综述”、“研究与开发”、“生产应用”、“窑炉与热工”、“卫生陶瓷”、“建筑陶瓷”、“陶瓷艺术”、“模具与模具材料”、“生物陶瓷及特种陶瓷”、“企业生产管理”、“质量与标准”、“色釉料”、“耐火材料”、“陶瓷机械”、“粉体技术”“建筑工程”、“设计与施工”、“室内装饰与装修”、“工程管理”等面向读者、贴近市场的栏目,广受读者喜爱。     

紫砂壶意贵在创新——陈鸣远“仙鹤桃纹壶”之感赏

紫砂壶“小世界,大乾坤”,可谓汇集器皿造型艺术的宝库．其间蕴藏着丰富多彩的完美器型,从“汉扁壶”、“掇球壶”、“仿古壶”、“线云壶”到“菱花壶”、“鱼化龙壶”、“合菊壶”、“风卷葵壶”等艺术造型,汇集着历代艺人的创作智慧,历经数百年来的反复提炼、修改,日臻完善,沿传至今,虽古犹新。     

忽如一夜春风来

土肥各界的朋友们、各位专家、腐植酸行业的同仁们:大家上午好!大疫当前,辞旧迎新之际,“第七届全国土肥和谐大会”在会务组各位同仁“高烧不下火线”的倾情组织、各位专家精心准备下,今天在网上隆重举办。今年第七届。中国人喜欢“七”,诸如“七星高照”“七彩祥云”“七夕鹊桥会”“竹林七贤”“七步成诗”等等。古人把“七”当作“十”用,喻立地“合十为华”。在大疫之下引用这些“七”,说明这次会议非同寻常。     

征稿启事

1．《贵州化工》系公开发行的正式期刊,本刊以报道国内外化工科技及生产经验与创新为主,设有“专论与综述”、“科研与设计”,“分析与测试”、“生产经验与创新”,“化工设备与电气”、“化工环保”、“企业管理”、“知识介绍”等栏目,欢迎来稿。     

塑料着色意义是什么？塑料着色还有什么功能？（二）

答：提起塑料,应该每个人都不陌生,从儿童玩具到仪器仪表,从电脑外壳到汽车部件,从牙刷牙缸卫生用品到飞机零件、宇航飞船、塑料制品,在我们的生活中随处可见。塑料的英文名称“plastic”来自希腊语“plastikos”,意思是“成型”,“具有可塑性”,“塑”的中文汉字本义是指“用泥土做成人物形象”,“塑”引申为“能自由成型”之意,“塑料”也就是具有可塑性的材料。     

风神轮胎公司八项外观设计获专利授权

近日,风神轮胎公司的“HN237”、“HN254”、“HN3Q2”、“HN326”、“HN368”、“HN369”、“HN509”、“A2366”等八项轮胎花纹外观设计获得了国家知识产权局颁发的外观设计专利证书。截止目前,风神轮胎获外观专利授权量已达103项。     

关于缴纳2014年会费的通知

各会员单位： 2014年,“舌尖上的安全”“生态保护红线”成为“中央1号文件”和“农村工作会议”的主题。腐植酸被称为“土壤的生命核”‘大气的调控阀”“水体的白细胞”,有着“绿色”“环保”的天然秉性。随着生态文明体制改革的不断深入,对腐植酸产业的利好政策将不断出台。希望各会员单位抓住机遇,积极响应国家和行业号召,顺势而为,     

征稿启事

1．《贵州化工》系公开发行的正式期刊,本刊以报道国内外化工科技及生产经验与创新为主,设有“专论与综述”、“科研与设计”,“分析与测试”、“生产经验与创新”,“化工设备与电气”、“化工环保”、“企业管理”、“知识介绍”等栏目,欢迎来稿。     

征稿启事

1．《贵州化工》系公开发行的正式期刊,本刊以报道国内外化工科技及生产经验与创新为主,设有“专论与综述”、“科研与设计”,“分析与测试”、“生产经验与创新”,“化工设备与电气”、“化工环保”、“企业管理”、“知识介绍”等栏目,欢迎来稿。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.