蒲桃不同提取部位总黄酮含量比较研究

研究蒲桃不同提取部位总黄酮的含量差异,为制定蒲桃的提取工艺和质量控制方法奠定基础。采用紫外分光光度法测定蒲桃醇提物不同极性溶剂萃取部位总黄酮的含量,以硝酸铝为显色剂,以芦丁为对照品,最大吸收波长为510 nm。结果表明:蒲桃不同提取部位的总黄酮在15.24~76.20μg·mL-1(r=0.9991)范围内与吸光度呈良好线性关系,总黄酮含量其乙酸乙酯部位占34.84%、三氯甲烷部位占20.36%、正丁醇部位占19.72%、水部位占17.79%和石油醚部位占7.29%。蒲桃不同提取部位总黄酮含量的比较结果:乙酸乙酯部位>三氯甲烷部位>正丁醇部位>水部位>石油醚部位,为进一步研究蒲桃的提取工艺和质量控制方法奠定基础。     

艾渣不同极性部位的体外抗氧化活性

为考察艾渣不同极性溶剂提取部位的体外抗氧化活性,用紫外分光光度法对以石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水为溶剂的5个不同极性部位萃取物中总黄酮含量进行测定,并以抗坏血酸(VC)为阳性对照,采用DPPH、ABTS自由基清除法和Fe~(3+)还原法(FRAP法)测定艾渣不同极性部位的体外抗氧化作用。结果表明,艾渣中黄酮类物质偏中等极性,多富集于乙酸乙酯及氯仿部位。艾渣提取物的不同极性部位均有不同程度的体外抗氧化效果。其中乙酸乙酯部位的DPPH及ABTS自由基清除率最强[IC_(50)值分别为(0.115±0.003) g/L和(0.093±0.003) g/L],正丁醇及氯仿部位的DPPH及ABTS自由基清除率次之。水层还原Fe~(3+)的能力最强,其次为正丁醇与乙酸乙酯部位。石油醚部位在三个抗氧化试验中均表现出较弱的抗氧化性。因此,初步推测抗氧化活性多集中于乙酸乙酯与正丁醇部位,可以将其作为抗氧化剂添加到化妆品中。     

真菌发酵虻虫活性物质提取、分离及含量测定

通过超声水提法提取发酵虻虫干粉中水溶性总蛋白,利用改良Lowry法测定其含量;并采用80%乙醇回流提取的方法提取总黄酮,并通过石油醚、乙酸乙酯分别萃取,同时通过NaNO_2-AlCl_3-NaOH比色法测定发酵虻虫粉不同极性部位中总黄酮的含量。结果表明发酵后虻虫粉中水溶性总蛋白的平均含量高达99.3140mg/g,而在醇提物中水部总黄酮含量明显高于石油醚部和乙酸乙酯部。     

全蝎白术白头翁组方发酵前后萃取工艺及体外抗肿瘤活性研究

为了研究全蝎白术白头翁组方(SAPZF)发酵前后最佳萃取部位,采用球孢白僵菌双向固体发酵技术制备全蝎白术白头翁组方发酵物(SAPZFFW),分别制取组方发酵前后的质量分数75%醇提液。采用系统萃取法,制得SAPZFFW、SAPZF的石油醚部、乙酸乙酯部、正丁醇部、水部干浸膏。通过MTT法检测SAPZFFW、SAPZF不同极性部位对乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7的抑制作用。结果表明:SAPZF有效部位的抗肿瘤能力由大到小依次为,石油醚部、正丁醇部、乙酸乙酯部;SAPZFFW有效部位抗肿瘤能力由大到小依次为,正丁醇部、石油醚部、乙酸乙酯部;SAPZFFW对乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7的抑制作用优于SAPZF,且正丁醇部效果较好。     

采收季节对龙眼叶中总黄酮含量影响

采用乙醇回流法从不同采收期的龙眼叶中提取黄酮类物质,并用紫外分光光度法测定其总黄酮含量。结果显示不同采收季节的龙眼叶中黄酮含量有所差异,其中以1月、7月、9月、11月含量较高,5月、8月、10月含量较低,总黄酮含量波动范围14%-19%,可适当注意不同采收期对其质量的影响。     

阔叶十大功劳叶不同萃取相抗氧化活性的研究

为了确定阔叶十大功劳叶的生物活性物质,采用有机溶剂萃取法将阔叶十大功劳叶提取物分为正己烷相、二氯甲烷相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相5个不同极性相态,测定不同极性溶剂提取物中总黄酮及多酚含量,分析其还原能力及对DPPH自由基的清除能力,比较十大功劳提取物不同极性溶剂提取物的抗氧化作用。结果显示:十大功劳提取物的不同极性溶剂抗氧化活性作用差异显著,其中乙酸乙酯部位提取物和正丁醇部位提取物抗氧化能力较强于其它萃取相部位。     

大叶榕榕树须总黄酮提取及对羟自由基清除作用

为充分利用大叶榕榕树须植物资源,避免资源的浪费,探讨大叶榕榕树须总黄酮的提取、鉴别方法及对羟自由基清除作用。采用超声波乙醇浸提法、超声波石油醚浸提法、超声波水浸提法分别从大叶榕榕树须中提取黄酮类物质,对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证,并用紫外分光光度法测定含量。测得样品中总黄酮的含量分别为C=0.7240 mg/mL、0.5962 mg/mL、0.4529 mg/mL,回收率分别为101.0%、99.8%、100.9%,其纯度和产率均较高,其中,超声波乙醇浸提法产率最高。该提取液对Fenton体系产生的.OH自由基有很好的清除作用。该方法采用全物理过程,无任何污染,是提取大叶榕榕树须黄酮类物质的有效途径。大叶榕榕树须总黄酮有清除.OH自由基的作用。     

枇杷核不同极性萃取物总黄酮、总多酚含量与其抗氧化活性的相关性

研究枇杷核石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水等不同极性溶剂萃取物中总黄酮、总多酚的含量及其抗氧化活性相关性。采用比色法测定5种萃取物中总黄酮和总多酚含量,通过测定DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS~+自由基清除率、OH~-自由基清除率及还原能力评价不同极性萃取物抗氧化活性的差异。结果表明,枇杷核各萃取物均有抗氧化活性,且均呈量效关系,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物清除能力最强,石油醚萃取物清除能力最弱;总多酚含量与DPPH、ABTS~+呈显著性相关与还原能力呈极显著相关,可为枇杷核作为天然抗氧化剂的开发提供理论依据。     

金盏花不同极性溶剂萃取物的抗氧化活性研究

旨在探讨金盏花不同极性溶剂萃取物的抗氧化活性。研究采用分光光度法来测定金盏花粗提物及萃取物的总黄酮和总酚含量。结果表明，正丁醇层萃取物的总黄酮、总酚含量最高，分别为：90.04 mgRE/g, 152.66 mgGAE/g。为了评估金盏花不同极性溶剂萃取物的抗氧化性能，进行了DPPH、ABTS、超氧自由基清除实验和FRAP试验。金盏花正丁醇层对DPPH、ABTS、超氧自由基清除率的IC₅₀值分别为104.04,3.78,91.00μg/mL,其FRAP值为1 466.63μmoL/g。在低浓度时乙酸乙酯萃取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力较强，其IC₅₀值为50.67μg/mL,FRAP值为1 681.67μmoL/g。研究结果显示，金盏花正丁醇和乙酸乙酯萃取物具有较好的抗氧化能力，这与其具有较高的总黄酮和总酚含量有关。     

荆条蜂胶化学成分分析

该文对荆条蜂胶乙醇提取物的化学成分进行了考察,蜂胶原胶经体积分数65%的乙醇于80℃加热得到蜂胶提取物,将提取物采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行逐级溶剂分配、硅胶色谱柱层析、重结晶、制备液相进行分离和纯化,从乙酸乙酯部分分离得到31个化合物,通过对化学物理性质分析以及红外、紫外、质谱、核磁共振波谱的测定解析,确定了化合物结构。其中,黄酮类化合物14个,肉桂酸衍生物7个,咖啡酸酯类化合物6个,其他类4个。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。