磷酸熔融盐除铅剂在紫杂铜中的应用研究

采用磷酸熔融盐除铅剂对紫杂铜进行了除铅试验研究,用能谱仪( EDS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及金相显微镜,分析和探讨了除铅剂成分及保温时间对除铅效果和组织性能的影响,并对其影响规律及作用机理进行了分析.试验结果表明,在紫杂铜中添加适茸的磷酸熔融盐除铅剂,能有效去除杂质元素铅,且当配比为3时除铅率最高,达90％以上,其他杂质含量均明显降低;同时能明显改善金属组织.     

稀土熔融盐精炼剂在紫杂铜中的应用研究

研究探讨了稀土元素以熔融盐的形式用于紫杂铜的精炼.通过对各种熔融盐作为精炼剂进行分析比较,确定以碳酸稀土、碳酸钠、氟化钙、金属氧化物和硼砂为稀土熔融盐的主要组成,并经过正交试验,得出了稀土熔融盐精炼剂的最佳成分配比.研究表明精炼后的紫杂铜导电率达到5.78×107 S/m,并且使氧含量保持在一级水平.     

浅谈杂铜火法精炼除铅

本文在介绍了杂铜含铅概况,以及目前国内除铅工艺现状.在分析除铅理论的基础上得出了影响除铅效果的三个主要因素:铜液中铅的活度系数、氧化铅的活度、反应平衡常数.简单介绍了目前国内外的几种除铅技术:硅酸盐法、磷酸法、硼酸法及FRHC法.     

紫杂铜精炼剂的研究现状及进展

介绍了紫杂铜中存在的杂质种类及其危害,分析了国内外关于紫杂铜精炼剂的研究现状,主要介绍了紫杂铜精炼剂的组分、作用及相关机理,阐述了精炼剂对紫杂铜显微组织、导电性能、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能等方面的影响。此外,还对稀土紫杂铜精炼剂目前仍存在的问题进行了分析和探讨,并对其研究方向提出了展望。     

浅谈杂铜火法精炼除铅

本文在介绍了杂铜含铅概况，以及目前国内除铅工艺现状。在分析除铅理论的基础上得出了影响除铅效果的三个主要因素铜液中铅的活度系数、氧化铅的活度、反应平衡常数。简单介绍了目前国内外的几种除铅技术：硅酸盐法、磷酸法、硼酸法及FRHC法。     

硼酸对无铬无取向硅钢涂层性能的影响

研究了硼酸对以Al(H2PO4)3为基料的无铬无取向硅钢绝缘涂层各项性能的影响.用盐雾实验、动电位极化及交流阻抗等试验手段研究了不同硼酸含量对硅钢绝缘涂层的耐蚀性和电化学行为的影响,同时采用SEM对涂层的表面形貌进行了研究.结果表明,硼酸含量为9.7％时,涂层的耐盐雾性及电化学性能最好;硼酸含量过少或过多时,涂层的耐蚀性和电化学性能都较差.     

稀土对精炼紫杂铜组织和性能的影响

采用自行研制的稀土精炼剂对紫杂铜进行了精炼实验,分析和研究了添加稀土对紫杂铜精炼效果及其对组织的影响,并探讨了稀土的作用机理。实验结果表明,在紫杂铜中加入适量的稀土精炼剂,精炼和脱氧效果良好;同时,添加适量稀土元素,还可使紫杂铜晶粒细化,组织更加均匀,从而提高了紫杂铜的导电性能和力学性能。     

电渣精炼去除工业纯铝中杂质Fe的研究

研究了添加Na_2B_4O_7的KCl-NaCl-Na_3AlF_6混合渣剂电渣精炼去除工业纯铝中杂质Fe的效果。研究发现,工业纯铝中的Fe含量随着电渣重熔速率的降低而不断减少,当重熔速率为180g·min~(-1)时,电渣精炼除Fe效果最好,Fe含量从电渣精炼前的0.42%减少到0.20%,杂质Fe的去除率超过50%。Fe含量的降低是因为熔融渣剂捕获了Al熔体与熔融渣剂反应生成的富Fe中间化合物Fe_2B。电渣精炼除Fe反应的热力学计算表明渣剂中的Na_2B_4O_7能与Al熔体中的杂质Fe自发反应生成中间化合物Fe_2B。电渣精炼除Fe后工业纯铝的抗拉强度和伸长率随着Fe含量的降低得到明显改善。     

再生铜熔炼除铅技术研究

传统的废杂紫铜熔炼技术能耗高、加工成本高、环境污染大,严重制约再生铜工业的发展。提出利用工频感应炉进行废杂紫铜除铅技术。进行了热力学和动力学计算,结果表明:含铅量0.2%的再生铜杂质铅氧化限度为0.027%。并且通过再生铜除铅实验,降低了再生铜的含铅量和含氧量,提高了导电性。     

紫杂铜再生利用复合精炼剂的研制与应用

研制一种新型稀土盐复合精炼剂,分析并讨论这种新型稀土盐复合精炼剂对紫杂铜精炼脱氧、紫铜导电性能、力学性能的影响,阐述该稀土盐的复合精炼机理.实践表明:该精炼剂对紫杂铜的精炼有良好的效果.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.