高温棕红色颜料的合成

以Fe2O3-Cr2O3-ZnO-MnO2四元系统的基础，同时添加促使满面春风晶石形成的活性剂-氢氧化铝，合成出了以ZnFe2O4等尖晶石为主晶相的高温棕红色颜料，借助于色度仪、XRD手段分析颜料的物相组成，色度，并对颜料的呈色及稳定性进行了讨论，研究结果表明：该实验以颜料的组成为氧化铁18.5%，氧化铬16.7%，氧化锰37.0%，氧化锌4.6%，氢氧化铝23.2%，合成温度为1340℃，制得了良好的棕红色颜料。     

铜铬黑的制备

铜铬黑(Copper C. Black)是混相颜料中应用最为广泛的黑色颜料,化学式为Cu Cr2O4,是由Cu O与Cr2O3合成的新型尖晶石型颜料。它具有很好的黑色色调,优异的耐久性,高达1000℃的耐高温性,化学性质非常稳定,耐晒、耐候、耐酸碱、耐溶剂、不迁移、易分散,此外其具有尖晶石型结构,而该结构往往具有很高的红外辐射率。本实验通过固相法制备铜铬黑,探讨不同条件下所制备的铜铬黑的性质及其红外发射率情况。     

低温燃烧合成法制备Ce1-xPrxO2红色纳米稀土颜料

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O,Pr6O11为主要原料,利用低温燃烧合成法在250℃引燃合成了具有纳米晶粒的Ce1-xPrxO2红色稀土颜料。该稀土颜料在1100℃热处理后,颜色有明显改善。XRD,SEM,EDS,CIE色度分析的研究结果表明,该红色稀土颜料为萤石型固溶体,其晶粒尺寸为17.90nm。     

Y-T栗黄色颜料的研制及其应用

通过在TiO2金红石晶体中引入着色剂Cr2O3，在呈色助剂、矿化剂的作用下，成功合成了Cr2O3-TiO2金红石型固溶体栗黄色颜料，该颜料在坯体中着色力强，呈色稳定，为鲜艳的栗黄色。取代了该类型的进口颜料，创造了较好的经济及社会效益。     

稀土氧化物Fe2O3-MnO2-Cr2O3-La2O3-CeO2系统棕色颜料的呈色影响

采用共沉淀法在低温下合成了含稀土氧化物La2O3、CeO2的棕色陶瓷颜料，并将合成的颜料应用于陶瓷高温釉料中，表明该颜料可以应用于1320℃的高温。此外，通过颜色测定、SEM、XRD及能谱分析等手段对颜料的颜色、粒度及结晶构造等进行了表征，并探讨了颜料的呈色机理。     

低温燃烧合成Ce1-xPrxO2红色稀土颜料的呈色性能的研究

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O,Pr6O11为主要原料,用低温燃烧合成法在250℃左右点火,合成了从粉红、红色直至棕红的一系列Ce1-xPrxO2(0.01≤x≤0.50)红色稀土颜料.用XRD,CIELab色度仪对产物进行了测试分析,研究了Pr掺杂量、保温温度及时间对其呈色性能的影响.结果表明:不同的Pr掺杂量对该Ce1-xPrxO2红色稀土颜料色度值和主波长均有影响.掺杂后Pr进入CeO2晶格,从而使该颜料呈现出一系列红色.在不同温度下对低温燃烧合成颜料进行热处理,随温度升高,其色度值a*增加,明度值L*降低,颜色逐渐变深,主波长增加.在1200℃下,对该颜料进行不同时间的保温,发现保温2h的呈色性能最佳.     

颜料红179合成与颜料化工艺的研究

以花四甲酸酐(PTCA)为原料，通过在反应过程中加入添加物简单的两步法，合成了N，N’-二甲基苝-3，4，9，10-四羧酸二亚胺(颜料红179，DMP)。不通过任何颜料化方法．直接生产出黄相透明的用于闪光金属漆的颜料。反应的最佳条件为：PTCA：甲胺=1：4，pH=5．2-5．5，PTCA与甲胺成盐温度为8℃～10℃，亚胺化温度为140℃～145℃，反应压力为0．45-0．5MPa，反应时间为5小时。讨论了反应条件对产品收率、透明性、色光的影响。     

金红石型云母钛珠光颜料的合成研究

采用化学诱导法合成金红石型云母钛珠光颜料 ,以SnCl4及其复配物为金红石诱导促进剂 ,在 85 0℃、0 5h的焙烧条件下合成得到了完全金红石型的云母钛珠光颜料。由正交试验得到了金红石化学诱导促进剂最佳复合配方为 :m(云母 )∶m(SnCl4)∶m(ZnO)∶m(C助剂 ) =10 0∶3∶2∶4。此方法缩短了焙烧时间 ,并使颜料表面的TiO2 相转变温度降低了约 10 0℃ ,使制得的耐候性云母钛珠光颜料具有高的珠光光泽     

碳酸氢钠共沉淀法制备超细铜铬黑颜料

以Cu(NO_3)_2·3H_2O、Cr(NO_3)_3·9H_2O为原料,NaHCO_3为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法合成超细尖晶石型铜铬黑颜料。研究了沉淀剂浓度、煅烧温度对CuCr_2O_4结晶度、晶相纯度、粒径大小以及色度值的影响。通过X-射线衍射分析、扫描电镜图、粒度分析、色度值以及紫外-可见光吸收光谱分析得出,当碳酸氢钠浓度为0.3 mol/L,煅烧温度为800℃时可获得结晶完整、粒径细小、呈色性能好的CuCr_2O_4黑色颜料。     

磷酸锌微粉的合成及应用

结合制备磷酸锌微粉的研究工作概述了磷酸锌Zn3(PO4)2.nH2O微粉的合成原理、合成进展。阐明了磷酸锌用作防锈颜料应用机理、用途。提出了间接法合成磷酸锌无需粉碎,产品达到微细级标准的反应条件。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。