干式稀油密封煤气柜密封油聚结-真空联合脱水工艺探讨

对煤气柜密封油进行聚结分离脱水、真空分离脱水、聚结-真空串联和聚结-真空并联的联合脱水。结果表明,相较于单纯的聚结分离脱水和真空分离脱水,密封油聚结-真空联合脱水具有较为明显的优势;相较于聚结-真空串联工艺,聚结-真空并联工艺可根据密封油工况调节聚结分离和真空分离的联合方式,在脱水效率、能耗方面的优势较为明显。     

流速对润滑油聚结分离脱水效率的影响

采用聚结分离实验装置,试验了46#汽轮机油在不同流速条件下的聚结分离脱水效率。结果表明,当系统流量在15~25 L/min时,系统流量对聚结分离脱水效率影响不大。在系统流量25 L/min附近,具有最佳的分离效果。系统流量在25~35 L/min,随着流速的增加,聚结分离脱水效率明显下降。     

聚结材料对油品脱水的影响

以玻璃纤维、金属滤芯和金属θ环为油品脱水的聚结材料,实验研究了材料尺寸、表面特性、处理负荷、体系的初始含水量等对脱水率的影响.结果表明,聚结材料的尺寸越小,分离效果越好;材料的表面润湿性和材料的尺寸是影响聚结分离的重要因素,经处理的玻璃纤维比未处理的分离效率高20%左右;在流速较小时油品脱水率可达80%左右;油水体系的初始含水量越高,聚结分离效果越明显.     

液态氯乙烯两种脱水技术对比

为了降低水在聚氯乙烯生产中对单体及聚合质量的影响,可采用聚结器脱除水分。阐述了聚结器的分离原理和技术特点。用实例对比了聚结器脱水新技术和传统脱水工艺固碱吸附器脱水技术两种技术的实际运行指标及成本分析。     

聚结技术及其乳化油水分离性能

聚结分离是一种利用油、水两相对材料浸润性的不同而实现乳化液滴聚结长大并最终通过重力沉降实现油水分离的物理方法,这种方法结构可控性好、分离效率高、运行成本低,是乳化油水分离领域的研究热点。本文首先对聚结分离方法进行详细阐述,介绍了聚结分离原理和影响因素;总结了近年来国内外学者对聚结材料表面改性和修饰等方面的研究。通过调控聚结材料的表面具有特殊浸润性,可显著提高油水分离效率;系统介绍聚结分离器的分类及其应用。最后阐述了聚结分离技术在石油化工领域的应用。本文对聚结分离技术进行展望,指出可以进一步研究实际液滴聚结过程和分离效果影响因素,应深入研究分离器在乳化油水分离过程中液滴聚结行为、机理、控制机制将是研究的重点。     

高效聚结器在氯乙烯生产中的应用

介绍了氯乙烯深度脱水工艺及聚结器脱水原理,将高效聚结器应用于氯乙烯精馏工序中,实现了氯乙烯的深度脱水,满足了聚合工序的工艺要求,提高了产品的质量。     

加氢原料煤焦油脱水除盐预处理工艺优化限值

原料煤焦油的脱水除盐预处理是保障后续加氢反应持久运行及装置安全的关键，而煤焦油的特殊物性及复杂组成导致当前预处理系统普遍存在效果差、调控困难的问题。以某大型煤焦油加氢装置预处理流程为基础，本文研究了预处理装置的脱水效果、除盐效果两个关键因素，首先分析了非热物理分离的脱水和除盐限值，进一步通过纤维聚结器与强化沉降器组合的中试测试，获得了聚结沉降分离限值、洗盐器级数和注水量的影响规律，在注水量6%、洗盐器三级串联、纤维聚结表观流速0.003m/s、沉降停留时间60min以上的最优条件下，煤焦油含水量降为3.1%、含盐量降为2.81mg/kg，均接近理论分离极限，为预处理装置的工艺设计及操作优化提供了新思路。     

液液聚结分离器原理及石油化工中的应用

对非均相液-液两相的聚结分离机理,以纤维类介质为例,将聚结过程分为液滴捕集、液滴聚结和液滴沉降,同时也对影响聚结分离的因素进行了阐述.在此基础之上,介绍了目前在石油化工行业中应用比较广泛的高效的液-液两相分离设备:单级聚结器和二级聚结分离器,重点论述滤芯式聚结分离设备.为在石油化工领域中液-液分离提供指导和借鉴作用,为实现经济、有效的分离操作提供理论和实践支持.最后指出液-液两相聚结分离技术及设备的发展方向.     

新型高效三相分离器研究及应用

为解决目前水驱采出液普遍含聚后,联合站一段放水含油超标的问题,开展高效三相分离技术研究。通过对三相分离器进液口、填料装置及捕雾器等结构进行优化,设计了新型三相分离器,利用采出液初步分离、分离聚结、加速沉降、油水收集等技术,实现了含聚原油的高效脱水及脱气,并在转油放水站改造项目中,进行现场应用及效果分析,脱水后污水含油及油中含水均达到了指标要求,从源头上有效地解决了放水站油水分离困难、污水含油超标等问题,同时降低了放水站破乳药剂的用量,降低了生产成本,具有很大的经济效益和社会效益。     

电场-旋流场耦合强化乳化液脱水技术研究进展

以油包水乳化液为对象，阐述了电场-旋流场耦合作用下液滴聚结和强化分离机理，介绍了现阶段耦合装置结构的发展，分析了速度、电压幅值、频率及乳化液特性等操作参数对液滴聚结、破碎及油水两相分离性能的影响。同时指出了现阶段研究的局限，探讨了今后的研究方向，为耦合场下液滴聚结特性和操作参数的研究提供借鉴。     

Characterization of corn oil,soybean oil and sunflowerseed oil nonpolar material

Normal phase preparative and semi-preparative liquid chromatography were used to isolate fractions of varying polarity from corn, soybean and sunflowerseed oils. Reported here is the composition of one fraction, less polar than triglycerides, determined by isolating the individual ?peaks? of a semi-preparative separation using as starting material the mix of compounds obtained from a large scale separation. These peaks were then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (LC) gas chromatography (GC), mass-spectrometry (MS) with and without GC, in both electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) modes, and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Semi-quantitative data were obtained for many of the components found in these semi-preparative isolates including hydrocarbons, steryl esters, triterpenyl esters, phytyl esters and geranylgeranyl esters. The weight percent and composition of the preparative fraction differed substantially among the three oils. Corn oil had the greatest amount, at 1.25% of the starting oil, and was composed mostly of steryl and triterpenyl esters. Sunflowerseed oil, at 0.7%, and soybean oil, at 0.3%, showed greater variety in that branched chain esters were included with the steryl/triterpenyl distributions.     

Processing oil shales with heavy oil recycle

Recycle of heavy oil (>340 °C) to the retort, in order to crack/coke the oil to lighter fractions, was investigated as a means of producing shale oil of more desirable product slates. Conversion of heavy oil to light oil (<340 °C) by thermal cracking and coking in the absence of and during oil shale retorting was studied using the CSIRO BIRCOS retort. As expected, the conversion by thermal cracking increased as temperature increased, with most of the net oil loss in the form of gas. By contrast, the conversion by coking alone decreased as temperature increased, with coke representing all the net oil loss. Thermal cracking was found not to be a first-order reaction, by showing a reduced conversion of heavy oil with reduced concentration of oil vapour. Retorting Stuart oil shale with heavy oil feeding and simultaneous cracking and coking showed a conversion of 19.1 g per 100 g feed heavy oil to 10.9 g light oil, 2.2 g gas and 6.0 g coke, with a net oil loss of 3.8 g per 100 g shale oil produced. These data were used to generate a set of parameters for a mathematical model which simulated a heavy oil recycle loop.     

生物质裂解油在柴油中乳化的研究

以乳化液稳定性为评价指标,研究了复配乳化剂、助乳化剂、助乳化剂与复配乳化剂质量比[m(C)m/(T)]及生物质裂解油在乳化液中质量分数的选择,并考察了HLB值、乳化温度、乳化时间、乳化方式、搅拌方式对乳化液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:采用质量分数1.7%的T-85和乳化剂A的复配乳化剂,m(C)m/(T)为0.05的正辛醇为助乳化剂,在HLB值为8、乳化温度为20~40℃的条件下,将质量分数5%的生物质裂解油在柴油中高速乳化5m in,其中,乳化方式为T-85溶于生物质裂解油,乳化剂A溶于柴油,边搅拌柴油边加入生物质裂解油,再加入助乳化剂,乳化液的稳定性较好,稳定时间可达20 d。     

油浆抽余油FCC反应

油浆经萃取分离得到以饱和烃为主的理想组分——抽余油。利用该油作为原料进行FCC反应,并与石蜡基重油从原料性质、反应工艺条件、产品分布及性质、再生剂性能等方面进行对比研究。结果表明：抽余油具有良好的FCC性能,其合适的反应条件为剂油比6.0、反应温度520 ℃、重时空速12.0 h?1;在各自最优工艺条件下,抽余油比重油液体收率增加1.69%,生焦率上升0.02%;在相同工艺条件即剂油比5.0、反应温度500 ℃、空速14.4 h?1,抽余油比重油液体收率增加0.19%,生焦率上升2.55%;与重油相比,抽余油FCC汽油辛烷值相当,FCC柴油十六烷值降低3.7,其再生剂失活程度较小。因此,抽余油完全可以替代重油作为FCC的原料,具有很好的工业应用前景。     

Sunflower oil processing from crude to salad oil

World-wide use of sunflower oil is second only to soybean oil. Interest in domestic use as a premium salad oil is very recent. The high ratio of polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acids makes sunflower oil a premium salad oil. Sunflower oil, however, contains a small amount of high melting wax which must be removed to avoid settling problems. It is possible to produce a brilliant, dewaxed, deodorized sunflower oil with over a 100-hr cold test at 0 C. This quality oil can be produced by conventional caustic refining, dewaxing, bleaching and deodorization. A quality finished oil may also be produced by dewaxing and steam refining. This paper reviews various methods for processing sunflower oil from the crude state through the finished, dewaxed, deodorized salad oil. Presented at the ISF/AOCS Meeting, New York, April, 1980.     

Solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in peanut oil

Conclusions Data obtained on the solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in refined peanut oil and the behavior of the mixtures on cooling indicate that freedom from oil separation on storage is largely determined by the nature as well as the amount of solid crystals present in the oil. The results suggest that the best procedure for prevention of oil separation would involve shockchilling the molten mixture to produce the finely divided metastable crystalline modification followed by tempering at such a temperature as to permit transformation of the crystals into the more desirable higher-melting form without changing the finely divided state necessary for improved palatability. The data imply that under controlled conditions any amount of the high-melting modification of the hard fat incorporated in peanut oil above the solubility temperature in excess of 2% should produce a mixture free from oil separation under average storage conditions. The choice of the actual concentration of the hard fat, above the minimum amount, would depend upon the degree of plasticity desired. Ambient temperature to which the mixture is likely to be subjected will influence to a considerable extent the selection of the hard fat content. The information obtained is of fundamental importance in connection with the problem of oil separation in peanut butter. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

无主炼原油的原油调和调度问题

原油在线调和调度对于优化炼油计划和保障先进控制的实施具有重要的意义。此问题复杂度高,需要研究更加高效的求解算法。实际生产过程中,既存在主炼原油和若干种掺炼原油混合炼制的情况,又存在无主炼原油的情况。无主炼原油的情况,油品配对和掺炼比紧密关联,难以直接描述。本文针对无主炼原油的原油调和调度问题提出了一种新颖的描述方式,并给出模型的构造算法,进一步针对其两层结构利用基于序的方案进行了求解,对实际原油性质数据的仿真结果表明,基于序的求解算法可以大幅度提高计算效率。