The science-industry interface in the petroleum industry: Correlation of time series of indicators and their spectra,and growth modelling

Petroleum production and exploration, used as petroleum industry indicators, and accumulation of petroleum-related geoscience literature, used as a science indicator, were compared by several means to gauge the degree of interaction between science and the industry in the period 1934–1990. Methods of comparison employed were: time domain correlations and crosscorrelation; correlations of spectra using coherence and crosspower spectra, and growth-modelling of the indicators. A fifty-year exploration cycle was found, beginning about 1945. Principal features of this cycle seem to coincide with prominent features in the time series for geoscience literature, and both of these variables are correlated with petroleum production. All three variables appear to have been determined ultimately by economic and political events which affected the petroleum industry. All of them show long-period cycles which coincide with the fourth Kondratiev cycle and the beginning of the fifth Kondratiev. The longest time series used (petroleum production in the United States, 1860–1990) shows long-period cycles matching the third, fourth and fifth Kondratiev cycles.     

The interface between geoscience and industry: A case study of the interaction between research and the discovery and mining of ores for nuclear fuels

The nuclear industry was used as a case history to examine the influences between science and industry. The nuclear resources aspect of the industry was chosen for study. A correlation is found among indicators of geoscience research, exploration for uranium ores, production of uranium, and the general state of the industry. Some of the science-industry interfaces were identified as fruitful areas for further study, and a historical analysis of exploration technology shows that a scientific development engendered by the requirements of an early phase of the industry was key to later expansion in exploration and resources discovery.     

从服务化到数字服务化:制造业服务化转型研究

目的 制造业服务化研究跨经济、管理、服务科学等多个学科领域,梳理制造业服务化研究的现状,进行定量化探究,整理制造业服务化研究的脉络及发展趋势,完善服务化理论研究体系,并为制造企业服务化转型提供指导。方法 检索制造业服务化的研究成果,筛选后提取     

Indicators and the relations between science and technology

The relationship between science and technology is an important issue, as science-based technologies play a key role in modern economies. The exploration of the science-technology interface can be effectively supported by quantitative indicators, in particular patents of scientific institutions, publications of industrial enterprises, and scientific references in patent search reports. The most promising approach is the parallel observation of patents and publications in order to analyse the dynamics of the interaction of science and technology and the professional move of academic and industrial researchers between institutions.     

Applying research collaboration as a new way of measuring research performance in Korean universities

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of applying research collaboration as a new way of measuring research performance in Korean universities. In this study, we examine whether the activeness of research collaboration between university–government–industry can also enact as a way to measure the research performance aside from the typical indicators such as number of published articles or citations resulted from universities. Also this study focuses to analyze whether such performance differs according to universities’ characteristics and disciplines. For the analysis of the study, we gathered publication and citation data (2000–2009) of 46 Korean universities that are actively involved in research and analyzed their science citation index-expanded and the social sciences citation index (SSCI) data. Notable findings include (1) Several low ranked universities have shown rapid improvement with their research performance despite the rigid hierarchical characteristic of Korean higher education system, (2) Although universities in Korea are involved in various kinds of collaboration methods, it was evident that such dynamic is not necessarily reflected in existing hierarchy structure, (3) Academic relations with education oriented universities and research oriented universities have different dynamics and patterns in research collaboration, (4) In terms of the collaborative publication rate, private universities collaborate more actively amongst university sector whereas public universities collaborate more with government and industry. (5) Due to the nature of the social science subject itself, it was found that the research in SSCI is inevitably more based on the researcher’s independence, hence more international collaboration was found amongst researchers in natural science and engineering subjects.     

区域物流产业竞争力指标体系及其应用

基于物流产业的涵义和特点提出了产业竞争力的概念,根据物流产业的现状,提出了物流产业竞争力评价的多层指标体系,列举了主要的评价方法和具体步骤;针对具体的实例,从定性和定量两个角度,运用组合评价法确定了相关指标的权重,借助多层模糊评价法对一级指标进行了评价分析,有助于区域物流产业核心竞争力的确定.     

Composite scientometric indicators for evaluating publications of research institutes

Summary Both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of publications of research teams or institutes requires several scientometric indicators. In this paper a new composite indicator is introduced for the assessment of publications of research institutes working in different fields of science. The composite indicator consists of three part-indicators (Journal Paper Productivity, Relative Publication Strategy and Relative Paper Citedness). The different methods of calculating the composite index have only a slight effect on the value, whereas application of diverse weights for the individual part-indicators results in significant changes.     

Impact of bibliometrics upon the science system: Inadvertent consequences?

Summary Ranking of research institutions by bibliometric methods is an improper tool for research performance evaluation, even at the level of large institutions. The problem, however, is not the ranking as such. The indicators used for ranking are often not advanced enough, and this situation is part of the broader problem of the application of insufficiently developed bibliometric indicators used by persons who do not have clear competence and experience in the field of quantitative studies of science. After a brief overview of the basic elements of bibliometric analysis, I discuss the major technical and methodological problems in the application of publication and citation data in the context of evaluation. Then I contend that the core of the problem lies not necessarily at the side of the data producer. Quite often persons responsible for research performance evaluation, for instance scientists themselves in their role as head of institutions and departments, science administrators at the government level and other policy makers show an attitude that encourages 'quick and dirty' bibliometric analyses whereas better quality is available. Finally, the necessary conditions for a successful application of advanced bibliometric indicators as support tool for peer review are discussed.     

The use of S&T indicators in science policy: Dutch experiences and theoretical perspectives from policy analysis

The relation between bibliometrics and science policy remains underdeveloped. Relevance of new methods to produce indicators is easily claimed, but often without real insight in the policy processes. Drawing on experiences with the use of S&T indicators in science policy in the Netherlands and on principal-agent theory, I develop an analytical perspective which enbles to assess the role of S&T indicators in science policy. It is argue that the use of S&T indicators can only be understood well if one takes the socio-political context with its specific dynamics and rationalities into account.     

Karl Heinrich Frömmichen (1736–1783) and Adrian Balbi (1782–1848) — The Pioneers of Biblio- and Scientometrics

When V. V. Nalimov in his important book Naukometriya (Moskva 1969) postulated research on the process of developement of science with the aid of quantitative methods, he listed many different indicators. There were among them the number and growth of scientific publications — books and periodicals, the number of scientists, the level of expenditure. This article shows that the importance of these indicators was recognised by earlier authors. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

设计市场学主轴:从设计产业化到上市产业链战略设计体系建构

目的 为建构设计市场学与产业化战略设计体系,揭示设计学促进生产力发展的创新本质,提升设计在产业链中的战略级价值与地位,破解企业产品打造、品牌塑造、业绩增长、融资上市等核心难题,驱动“政.企.学”融合创新升级。方法 基于设计学与金融科技、经济管理等学科以及“农.工.商”等产业融合进行研究,凝练28年“产.学.研”实践探索与学术理论研究成果,通过调研提炼与应用验证,建构设计产业化核心体系。结论 基于设计市场学原理、设计产业化战略理论,提出并阐明了“上市产业链、上市沸腾器、产业.企业IPO战略设计、产业战略标准‘芯片’、星云战略设计与资源系统”的核心概念与内涵,总结了“以终为始、领域细分、科技聚核、文化铸魂、集群创孵”战略设计原理,升级了“顶层战略标准制定、科技产品创新打造、文化品牌设计塑造、产业创孵平台建构”战略设计方法,构建了“设计市场学-产业化-上市链-IPO战略-标准”理论与实践体系,对探索“政产学研科教文”全域融合创新发展具有导向性意义与战略级价值。     

Citation structure of an emerging research area on the verge of application

A case study of an emerging research area is presented dealing with the creation of organic thin film transistors, a subtopic within the general area called “plastic electronics.” The purpose of this case study is to determine the structural properties of the citation network that may be characteristic of the emergence, development, and application or demise of a research area. Research on organic thin film transistors is highly interdisciplinary, involving journals and research groups from physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering. There is a clear path to industrial applications if certain technical problems can be overcome. Despite the applied nature and potential for patentable inventions, scholarly publications from both academia and industry have continued at a rapid pace through 2007. The question is whether the bibliometric indicators point to a decline in this area due to imminent commercialization or to insurmountable technical problems with these materials.     

Quasi-quantitative measures of research performance: An assessment of construct validity and reliability

This paper argues that research performance is essentially a multidimensional concept which cannot be encapsulated into a single universal criterion. Various indicators used in quantitative studies on research performance at micro or meso-levels can be classified into two broad categories: (i) objective or quantitative indicators (e.g. counts of publications, patents, algorithms or other artifacts of research output) and (ii) subjective or qualitative indicators which represent evaluative judgement of peers, usually measured on Likert or semantic differential scales. Because of their weak measurement properties, subjective indicators can also be designated as quasi-quantitative measures. This paper is concerned with the factorial structure and construct validity of quasi-quantitative measures of research performance used in a large-scale empirical study carried out in India. In this study, a reflective measurement model incorporating four latent variables (R & D effectiveness, Recognition, User-oriented effectiveness and Administrative effectiveness) is assumed. The latent variables are operationalized through thirteen indicators measured on 5-point semantic differential scales. Convergent validity, discriminant validity and reliability of the measurement model are tested through LISREL procedure.     

The use of QCA in science,technology and innovation studies: a review of the literature and an empirical application to knowledge transfer

This article analyses the use of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in social studies on science, technology and innovation. The goals are to address how and why the method is used, and to explore the advantages and shortcomings for this research area. A review of the literature and practical application are combined. Firstly, the article finds that the acceptance of QCA is unevenly distributed in the major research fields related to knowledge production. It is used mainly to study innovation in firms but is largely absent in science and technology studies. Second, an original study on university–industry links provides a strategic site that displays how research unfolds. Its findings demonstrate the combinations of factors that shape knowledge transfer and the configurational nature of the process. The article offers an account of challenges and directions for future research and discusses the possibilities of the method as a third way between qualitative and quantitative traditions in science, technology and innovation.

     

Scientific research competitiveness of world universities in computer science

This article evaluates the scientific research competitiveness of world universities in computer science. The data source is the Essential Science Indicator (ESI) database with a time span of more than 10 years, from 01/01/1996 to 08/31/2006. We establish a hierarchical indicator system including four primary indicators which consist of scientific research production, influence, innovation and development and six secondary indicators which consist of the number of papers, total citations, highly cited papers, hot papers, average citations per paper and the ration of highly cited papers to papers. Then we assign them with proper weights. Based on these, we obtain the rankings of university and country/territory competitiveness in computer science. We hope this paper can contribute to the further study in the evaluation of a certain subject or a whole university.     

Quantitative,Qualitative, and Mixed Research Methods in Engineering Education

The purpose of this research review is to open dialog about quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research methods in engineering education research. Our position is that no particular method is privileged over any other. Rather, the choice must be driven by the research questions. For each approach we offer a definition, aims, appropriate research questions, evaluation criteria, and examples from the Journal of Engineering Education. Then, we present empirical results from a prestigious international conference on engineering education research. Participants expressed disappointment in the low representation of qualitative studies; nonetheless, there appeared to be a strong preference for quantitative methods, particularly classroom‐based experiments. Given the wide variety of issues still to be explored within engineering education, we expect that quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches will be essential in the future. We encourage readers to further investigate alternate research methods by accessing some of our sources and collaborating across education/social science and engineering disciplinary boundaries.     

A relationship between technology indicators and stock market performance

One of the main objectives of technology analyses is to understand how investing intechnological innovation can have commercial benefits. However, empirical studies of therelationship between investments in technology and subsequent economic performance arerelatively scarce. This paper provides such an analysis by demonstrating how quantitative R&Dand technology indicators may be used to forecast company stock price performance. The purposeof the analysis is to utilize a unique patent database, and the science and technology indicatorsdeveloped from the data therein, to explore this issue of technological competence and economicperformance.The underlying concept behind this study is that the quality of a company's technology isreflected in its patent portfolio. Previous research has shown that a company with a largepercentage of influential patents is much more likely to be technologically successful than acompany with weaker patents. The analysis presented here reveals that such a company is alsomore likely to be successful in capital markets.     

基于时间熵的生产系统精益管理导入效果评价

提出了生产系统时间熵的概念,对精益管理的导入如何改善生产系统中“人、机、料、法、环”五大要素继而影响生产系统时间熵进行了分析,并以科学性和实用性为原则,结合定性与定量的分析方法,构建了生产系统精益管理导入效果评价指标体系和基于时间熵的评价模型,为定量评价生产系统精益管理导入效果提供有效依据。利用所构建的指标体系和评价模型对一家胶管企业生产系统精益管理导入效果进行了量化评价,结合该企业精益管理导入实际情况,验证了所建指标体系和模型具有较好的适用性和有效性,为生产系统的精益管理导入效果评价提供了新的思路和方法.     

The US-EU race for leadership of science and technology: Qualitative and quantitative indicators

Both the United States and the European Union have set goals for worldwide leadership of science and technology. While the U. S. leads in most input quantitative indicators, output indicators may be more specific for determining present leadership. They show that the EU has taken the lead in important metrics and is challenging the U. S. in others. Qualitative indicators of fields of research and development, based on expert review studies organized by the authors, confirm that many EU labs are equal or better than those in the U. S. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

“艺工融合”理念下交互式磁流体科普产品设计

目的 遵循“艺工融合”理念下的跨学科实践教学与设计创新思路,以磁流体科研成果为技术基础,进行科普产品磁流体演示仪创新设计实践,探索并验证“产学研创”一体化的跨学科创新设计方法。方法 分析交互式磁流体科普产品的研究进展和发展趋势,探索其设计创新路径。以需求与用户体验为导向构建创新设计方法,开展产品功能创新与交互设计。通过控制磁流体的磁致相变效应,完成对音乐旋律映射、语音交互映射和表情交互映射的互动演示设计,开发实现交互的实时模拟技术,形成全新的科普产品交互展示模式。结论 挖掘了交互式磁流体科普产品创新设计要素与方法,有效验证了“艺工融合”理念下设计创新实践思路,实现理论学习、前沿设计一体化的教学模式。达到了综合性大学跨学科教学模式下科学与艺术的融合创新,也为未来类似教学实践工作提供参考。