TiO2在PCS多孔纤维表面的膜层固载

TiO2是一种重要的光催化剂,其固载对其应用有重要的意义.采用一种新型的聚碳硅烷(PCS)多孔纤维为基体,通过钛酸丁酯(TEOB)溶液浸渍和煅烧的方法,实现了TiO2在PCS多孔纤维表面的均匀固载.纤维表面的TiO2呈薄膜状,为锐钛矿晶型.得到的复合纤维比表面积达435 m2/g,TiO2膜层对复合纤维的比表面积无明显影响.若采用传统溶胶浸渍的方法进行固载,则在纤维表面沉积的TiO2呈分散的球形颗粒.     

TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物的制备与表征

采用共沉淀法制备了TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物和单一的TiO2、ZrO2粉体,不同温度下煅烧后得到样品.用N2吸附、X-射线衍射仪、热重-差示扫描量热法对样品进行了表征.考察了单一组分与复合氧化物结构性能的差别以及煅烧温度对复合氧化物性能的影响.结果表明:550 ℃煅烧2 h后,单一TiO2、ZrO2分别是结晶良好的锐钛矿和单斜相(含少量四方相),而TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物依然是无定型结构且具有较大的比表面积(190.15 m2/g).600 ℃煅烧后TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物中出现了ZrTiO4晶型.随煅烧温度的升高,复合氧化物的比表面积出现了明显的下降(190.15～19.16 m2/g).DSC-TG曲线给出了TiO2、ZrO2以及TiO2-ZrO2的相转变温度,分别为440.2 ℃、445.7 ℃、713.5 ℃.     

PAN/β-CD复合纳米纤维膜的制备及吸附性能研究

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和β-环糊精(β-CD)为原料,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,通过静电纺丝制备出不同β-CD含量的PAN/β-CD复合纳米纤维膜。采用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、孔径及比表面积测定仪、紫外分光光度计对纳米纤维膜的形貌、结构、比表面积以及吸附性能进行了表征。结果表明:PAN/β-CD复合纳米纤维膜中,β-CD和PAN之间为简单的物理共混,β-CD保留了空腔结构;随着β-CD含量的增加,PAN/β-CD复合纳米纤维膜的直径增加,比表面积减小,对亚甲基蓝的吸附率增加;当β-CD相对PAN质量分数为40%时,PAN/β-CD复合纳米纤维膜的纤维直径粗细均匀,比表面积较小,为9.652 m2/g,对亚甲基蓝的吸附率较大,为97.48%。     

TiO2/α-Fe2O3复合光催化剂的制备及表征

用溶胶-凝胶法在α-FeOOH上负载TiO2,经过煅烧制备了TiO2/α-Fe2O3光催化剂.用Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)法测试氮吸附比表面积.用X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、Fourier转换红外光谱等研究了不同煅烧温度制备的光催化剂物相组成和形貌特征.研究了不同煅烧温度制备的光催化剂对活性艳蓝X-BR染料的吸附和光催化性能.结果表明:与未负载TiO2的α-FeOOH相比,经过复合、350℃煅烧制备的TiO2/α-Fe2O3复合材料的比表面积有了显著增加,从35.4m2/g增加到167.7m2/g,但是,当温度高于450℃时,其比表面积又有所下降.随着煅烧温度的增加,其负载的TiO2晶型由锐钛矿转变为金红石型,粒径也逐渐增大.在煅烧温度为350℃时,TiO2/α-Fe2O3催化剂吸附和光催化性能最好,脱色率可达到85.19%.     

电气石对纳米二氧化钛结构及光催化性能的影响

以电气石粉为载体,TiCl4为前驱体,采用水解沉淀法在电气石表面负载纳米TiO2,制备纳米TiO2/电气石复合材料。通过X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及光电子能谱仪对样品进行表征,以甲醛为目标降解物,考察电气石对纳米TiO2光催化性能的影响。结果表明:纳米TiO2负载在电气石表面后,其结构和性能发生了明显变化。经550℃煅烧,锐钛矿型的纳米TiO2晶粒由15.6nm降为9.3nm。TiO2/电气石复合材料中的O1s、Ti2p1/2和Ti2p3/2结合能比纯TiO2分别提高了1.35eV、1.32eV和1.27eV,而O1s和Si2p的结合能比电气石中分别降低了1.80eV和0.13eV。TiO2和TiO2/电气石复合材料在紫外灯下照射300min,甲醛去除率分别为73.3%和91.6%。     

常压干燥制备TiO_2-SiO_2复合气凝胶的结构与性能

以TiCl4和工业水玻璃为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,用三甲基氯硅烷/乙醇/正己烷混合溶液处理改性湿凝胶,通过常压干燥制备高比表面积和孔体积的TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶。用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller法分析表征样品的形貌、微观结构和气凝胶孔的性能,研究复合气凝胶对罗丹明B(RhodamineB,RhB)的光催化降解性能,探讨二氧化硅含量对TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶结构性能的影响。结果表明:随着硅含量的增加,所得TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶的最可几孔径逐渐减小,比表面积和光催化活性先增大后减小;当摩尔比n(Ti):n(Si)=4:1时,制备的气凝胶比表面积为893m2/g,对30mL浓度为10-4mol/LRhB溶液的最终光催化降解率达到99%,优于锐钛矿TiO2粉末的。     

高炉渣纤维负载TiO2光催化材料的制备及其光催化性能

以高炉渣纤维(BFSF)为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法,在BFSF表面负载TiO2,制备BFSF负载TiO2(TiO2/BFSF)光催化材料.利用差热-热重(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱元素分析(EDS)等近代测试方法对TiO2/BFSF的显微结构和相组成进行了表征.以模拟印染废水的亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解,评价样品的光催化活性.实验结果表明:TiO2溶胶负载3次,煅烧温度为450℃时,TiO2/BFSF光催化材料表面负载了一层均匀密实的锐钛矿型TiO2,当紫外光照射180 min时,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到92.5％.循环利用TiO2/BFSF光催化材料4次,亚甲基蓝的降解率依然能够达到63％.     

玻璃纤维负载纳米TiO2的制备及光催化性能

采用浸渍-提拉法在玻璃纤维(GF)表面负载纳米TiO2,制备TiO2/GF复合光催化剂.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱元素分析(EDS)对TiO2/GF复合光催化剂的结构进行了表征.结果表明,经550 ℃以下热处理,TiO2的晶型为锐钛矿相,随着热处理温度的升高,TiO2的晶型逐渐转化为金红石相.以亚甲基蓝的光催化降解为探针反应,评价TiO2/GF复合材料的光催化活性.复合材料的光催化降解活性与P25相当,且经多次使用后,复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解率仍保持在80%以上.     

TiO2载体制备条件及结构对MnOx/TiO2催化剂性能的影响

采用水热法一步反应制备锐钛矿结构TiO2晶体,通过浸渍法负载活性组分MnOx得到MnOx/TiO2低温脱硝催化剂.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、比表面积分析仪(BET)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段,研究制备过程中水热温度、水热时间以及硫酸钠用量对TiO2载体和MnOx/TiO2催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,水热温度为120℃,水热时间为22 h以及硫酸钠与尿素摩尔比为0.12的条件下,得到的TiO2结晶度高,分散性好,最大比表面积为234.54 m2·g-1.由其制备的MnOx/TiO2低温脱硝催化剂具有最佳的低温脱硝活性,在空速为20000 h-1,反应温度为200℃时,催化剂脱硝率可达90％以上.     

水热法制备电气石/TiO_2纳米管及光催化性能

采用溶胶–凝胶法和水热法相结合制备了直径为18.8nm,管径为4.7nm,管长数百纳米的锐钛矿型电气石/TiO2纳米管。研究了水热反应时间、煅烧温度和电气石的添加量对制备样品的相结构和形貌的影响,同时以甲基橙为目标降解物考察了电气石/TiO2纳米管的光催化性能。结果表明:水热处理后,经500℃煅烧可得到一维结构优良的锐钛矿型电气石/TiO2纳米管,并且电气石与TiO2以Ti―O―Si键结合,由于电气石具有永久电极性,与TiO2的协同作用可以有效提高纳米TiO2的光催化性能。当电气石含量为0.5%(质量分数),500℃下煅烧的样品,光照1h可达到最优降解率98.5%,比未经水热处理的纯纳米TiO2颗粒和经水热处理的纯纳米TiO2管分别提高了约44.9%和33.7%。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。