水泥-铁尾矿泡沫混凝土的性能研究

研究了铁尾矿掺量对水泥-铁尾矿泡沫混凝土的干体积密度和抗压强度的影响,以及孔结构对泡沫混凝土导热系数的影响.测试了泡沫混凝土的导热系数,用显微镜和图像分析软件分析了泡沫混凝土的气孔结构,建立泡沫混凝土的抗压强度与干体积密度的关系模型,分析导热系数随孔结构的变化规律.结果表明铁尾矿取代水泥后泡沫混凝土的抗压强度降低,且其影响程度随混凝土气孔率的增大而减小.泡沫混凝土的抗压强度与干体积密度呈对数关系,与铁尾矿掺量成指数关系.泡沫混凝土密度相同时,气孔孔径越大抗压强度越高.随着气孔孔径的增大,泡沫混凝土的导热系数逐渐增大;随着孔隙率的增大,泡沫混凝土的导热系数逐渐减小;当孔隙率一定时,气孔孔径越小导热系数越小.     

基于动态神经网络的水泥熟料堆积体建模方法

工程中存在许多颗粒堆积问题.为了构建堆积体离散元数值模型,首先设计了堆积体结构参数采集试验,并以工程中篦冷机内的熟料堆积为背景,使用水泥熟料组建堆积体,采用切片法获取切片图像,随后进行一系列处理,获得了堆积体内颗粒的相关结构参数.同时,为了能够重建堆积体模型,使用神经网络训练了一个预测模型,并进行了相关验证.模型运行良...     

熟料颗粒角速度实验及预测研究

在水泥熟料流动状态换热研究中,一般认为颗粒的旋转运动对整体换热效果具有一定影响.在所建立的颗粒角速度实验装置上,利用姿态传感器采集颗粒转角信号,对多工况下颗粒的旋转角速度进行了实验测定.研究发现角速度随推料速度的增大而增大,颗粒的推程运动角速度大于返程运动角速度,在一个推程内,颗粒自旋角度占颗粒圆周的17％ ～25％,对颗粒堆积体的换热有较大影响.基于神经网络理论对实验数据进行处理,建立了颗粒转角的BP神经网络模型,预测值相对于实验值平均误差为14％,该模型为考虑颗粒旋转的水泥熟料流态换热研究提供了分析及验证基础,同时对于其他颗粒的角速度研究具有一定的借鉴意义.     

水泥熟料堆积体多孔介质热阻力实验研究

本文利用自行设计的高温热阻实验装置,对高温水泥熟料冷却过程中的三维热阻力进行了实验测量.将管内流动系统的热阻力系数理论应用到水泥熟料非固结多孔介质热阻力实验研究中,得到了空气在高温水泥熟料多孔介质当量热阻力系数的变化规律.实验结果显示当熟料平均粒径为25 mm时,堆积体在从500℃冷却至常温的过程中,当量热阻力系数在1.15 ～1.35的范围变化,从而获得了温度与熟料堆积体渗透能力之间的关系.研究结果有助于指导此类颗粒堆积体的风冷问题.     

超轻发泡水泥保温板孔结构与性能关系研究

发泡水泥中的孔结构在很大程度上决定了材料的力学和热学性能.为了深入研究发泡水泥的孔结构与力学和热学性能的关系,本文利用图像分析法表征了发泡水泥的孔结构参数(气孔率、气孔尺寸),测试了材料的抗压强度和导热系数.研究结果表明:气孔率、孔壁厚度、气孔尺寸对干密度、抗压强度以及导热系数均有影响.随着气孔率的增大,干密度、抗压强度和导热系数均呈现下降趋势;在相同容重下,导热系数随着平均孔径的增大而升高,抗压强度随之减小,发泡水泥的孔径每增大1 mm,则抗压强度减小25％ ～ 30％;气孔尺寸分布近遵循对数正态分布(R2=0.95),高密度的发泡水泥的对数正态分布拟合相关系数相对较高.     

矿物掺合料对泡沫混凝土的性能影响

研究了单掺粉煤灰、矿渣粉和复掺粉煤灰与矿渣粉对干密度为400 kg/m3泡沫混凝土的抗压强度、导热系数以及吸水率的性能影响.当粉煤灰掺量为10%时,可增加抗压强度,掺量为30%时显著降低导热系数和吸水率;当矿粉掺量为20%时,可增加抗压强度和降低吸水率,但导热系数却随掺量增大而变大;当复掺粉煤灰与矿渣粉取代50%水泥,复掺比例为2:3时,能增加抗压强度和降低吸水率,导热系数随复掺比例增大而变大.在泡沫混凝土中掺加矿物掺合料,不仅可以降低水化热,还可以减少泡沫混凝土的开裂程度,该项研究成果为今后泡沫混凝土在地基保温处理、屋面保温、地暖垫层等方面提供了应用价值.     

掺稻壳灰泡沫混凝土的制备与性能研究

以稻壳灰作为掺合料制备了掺稻壳灰的泡沫混凝土,研究了稻壳灰含量和泡沫体积占比对泡沫混凝土干密度、湿密度、吸水率、抗压强度和导热系数的影响.结果 表明,当稻壳灰含量为0％和10％时,水泥泡沫混凝土和碱激发泡沫混凝土的干密度、湿密度、7d和28 d抗压强度、导热系数都随着泡沫体积比增大而逐渐减小,而吸水率则随着泡沫体积比增大而逐渐增加.相较于水泥泡沫混凝土,相同稻壳灰含量和泡沫体积占比的碱激发泡沫混凝土的干密度、湿密度、吸水率和导热系数都相对更小,抗压强度更大.无论稻壳灰含量为0％还是10％,水泥泡沫混凝土的导热系数都不满足规范标准要求,而碱激发泡沫混凝土的导热系数都满足规范标准要求.     

碱硫比对硅酸盐水泥流变性能的影响

选取三种碱含量有差异的熟料,通过外加碱金属硫酸盐和石膏来调节水泥的碱硫比(R/S=Na2 Oe/SO3,摩尔比),测定和分析水泥浆的黏度、流动度、早期强度和水化产物的变化,以反映不同碱硫比对水泥流变性能的影响.结果表明,碱含量为0.10％的低碱水泥熟料,黏度随碱硫比的增加先减小后增大;对于碱含量为0.64％水泥熟料,水泥黏度随碱硫比增加而减小;而碱含量为0.34％的水泥熟料,水泥黏度随碱硫比增大黏度变化趋势较为缓和,也呈现增大的趋势;流动度变化也呈现同样规律;强度则随着碱硫比的增大而有所下降.可以认为,碱硫比在一定范围内明显影响水泥的流变性能,或者水泥实际应用时可通过调整碱硫比来改善流动性.     

高硅酸盐水泥熟料煅烧的试验研究

本文从生料易烧性人手,研究了氟硫复合矿化剂对高硅酸盐矿物含量水泥熟料煅烧的影响.利用XRD及XRF对易烧性较好且C3S含量较高的熟料进行了矿物组成及硫含量分析.研究结果表明:在添加氟硫复合矿化剂的条件下可煅烧获得硅酸盐矿物含量大于90％且C3S含量大于70％的高硅酸盐水泥熟料.熟料中f-CaO含量随饱和比LAD的增加而增加,随助溶剂量QLP的增加逐渐减少,随硫过量系数EC的增加而略微升高.熟料中的主要矿物C3S和C2S形成情况良好.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯本体聚合体系导热系数的研究

根据热电阻法测量原理,测量了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)本体聚合模拟体系的导热系数。研究了导热系数随转化率和温度的变化规律,并建立了相应的关联式。测量结果表明,相同转化率时,MMA本体聚合体系导热系数随温度的升高而减小;不同温度下其导热系数均随转化率的增大而逐渐增加。该关联式计算值与测量值的最大偏差为1.6%,可较好地预测MMA本体聚合体系导热系数。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.