一种改进的帧间差光流场算法

结合运动目标检测帧差法运算速度快和光流法活动目标检测准确度高的特点,提出一种改进的帧间差光流场计算的运动目标检测算法。在帧差部分采用隔帧差分从而可以检测到帧间位移小于1个像元而多帧累积位移大于1个像元的运动点目标;在光流计算时,引入通用动态图像模型（GDIM）建立新的光流约束条件,克服了亮度变化引起的约束方程不成立问题。算法仅对帧差法后图像中不为零的像素进行光流场计算,提高了目标检测的准确性和检测速度。仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

基于图像处理的纱线张力测量系统设计

为了提高非接触式纱线张力测量的速度和精度,提出了一种基于归一化互相关法(Normalized Cross Correlation,NCC)的图像处理方法实现纱线张力的实时测量。基于弦振动理论得出纱线谐振频率与纱线张力之间的关系,利用NCC模板匹配算法提取纱线振动位移得出纱线时变曲线,使用傅立叶变化将时域关系转换为频域关系,通过对比纱线振动频率的理论值和测量值得到该测量系统的精确值。研究表明:文章提出的测量方法实现了纱线张力的实时测量,该方法得出的测量值与理论值之间的绝对误差均小于10%,属于测量误差范围内,并且处理速度快,实现了纱线张力的非接触式实时动态测量。     

一种基于帧间差分与模板匹配的河水表面流速测量方法

为了解决常见几种流速测量方法受含沙量与漂浮物影响大、设备与人力成本高的局限性,提出一种基于机器视觉的河水表面流速测量方法。我们分析了图像空间与现实空间的位置映射关系,得出了物理速度与图像速度之间的关系。通过垂直于水面的摄像头获取河流视频,采用帧差处理获得帧差图像,检测出其中运动显著性比较明显的一些区域作为模板。最后,基于模板匹配的方法检测出模板的像素位移,联立图像坐标系和与现实空间坐标系的位置映射关系以及帧间时间计算出河流表面实际流速。实验结果表明,该测速方法对自然条件下流速相对平缓的河流视频具有较好的效果,误差小于3%,可持续监测水流流速情况。     

基于分块运动估计的对象跟踪方法

针对摄像机运动和场景光照突变的情况,提出了一种基于分块运动估计的对象跟踪算法。首先,对图像进行分块角点匹配,得到各块运动参数,然后对各块进行分块运动补偿和光照补偿;对补偿后的图像进行相邻帧差分得到目标的近似质心位置;跟踪过程则融合运动目标加权颜色直方图和梯度直方图作为目标特征,以所得质心为初始搜索点,采用螺旋搜索算法,进行目标模板和候选目标相似性检测,搜索最佳匹配点得到目标对象在当前帧的准确位置。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效克服光照剧烈变化,在动态背景下能达到对对象的准确跟踪。     

基于质心角度的字符图像识别算法

提出了一种利用质心角度识别字符图像的方法:将Harris算法提取出的字符图像的角点作为候选角点,通过聚类算法计算出更准确的新角点,并计算出字符图像的质心以及连接质心到新角点的向量.质心角度是两个相邻向量的夹角,字符特征是由质心角度按顺时针(或逆时针)方向排列组成的向量.质心角度具有关于位移、拉伸、旋转不变性的几何特征,是对图像特征较好的规一化.实验结果表明该方法提高了字符图像的识别率,从而验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于梯度投影法的电子稳像算法

灰度投影法在灰度值单一、对比度差的图像序列中的运动估计不精准,易造成误差。针对该问题,提出一种基于梯度投影法的电子稳像算法。该算法根据梯度帧内变化剧烈、帧间变化稳定、梯度投影曲线变化明显等特点,利用图像的梯度分布情况进行运动估计。实验结果表明,该算法可提高微光图像序列的帧间运动估计精度。     

基于CS-LBP的散斑应变测量技术

针对传统数字图像相关法(DIC)在光照变化时测量精度下降的问题,提出一种基于中心对称局部二值模式(CS-LBP)的数字图像相关法。提取变形前图像模板子区的CS-LBP特征,在变形后图像中查找与之匹配度最高的目标子区,利用模板子区和目标子区相对位置关系计算物体变形信息。实验结果表明:在光照强度变化小于5 000 lx的情况下,该方法的误差增幅相较于传统DIC方法降低了42. 8%,有效地提高了DIC方法在光照变化时的测量精度。     

面向大尺寸检测CCD图像中心提取精度的研究

大尺寸测量中,数字图像处理技术起到了至关重要的作用,而图像中心特征的提取精度是影响数字图像处理的核心因素之一.目前常用的中心特征的提取方法是传统质心法、灰度阈值质心法、平方加权质心法和高斯曲面拟合法质心法.由于采集图像时物体距CCD像面距离不固定,上述方法对不同物距采集的图像中心特征提取效果不同.现将在理论分析和仿真实验验证2个方面对这4种方法的特性进行比较.实验结果表明:高斯拟合质心法更适合较远距离采集图像的标定,而另3种质心法更适合较近距离采集图像的标定.     

一种提高图像位移测量精度的方法

在高速摄像位移测量系统中,对被测物预定义目标特征图像标签,先在像素级实现模板与目标的配准,然后对目标区图像作半阈值分割,用目标像素灰度一阶边矩求重心,作为目标基点,从而实现了模板与目标的亚像素级配准,即目标精确定位,使动态位移测量精度显著提高.     

激光光束质量M2因子测量系统的设计

为了实现对激光器发射激光光束质量的自动化测量,提出了一种激光光束质量M2因子测量系统.该系统选择混合式步进电机作为执行机构来确定多个采样位置;同时系统采用面阵电荷耦合器件(CCD)多点探测激光光斑的图像信息,实时计算不同采样位置激光光斑的质心和光强,并根据M2因子理论计算出激光光束的束腰宽度和束散角等参数,最后由上位机显示激光光斑的二维/三维光强分布及处理结果.实验结果表明,系统能够对400～1100 nm连续激光器发射激光光束质量进行自动化测量,测量精度达±6%,测量时间小于3 min.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.