金属掺杂及多孔化Bioglass@CNFs的制备与结构分析

以溶胶-凝胶法、静电纺丝法以及高温烧结相结合的方法,将金属离子Mg、Zn掺杂到生物活性玻璃中制备了掺杂Mg、Zn的Bioglass@CNFs,以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为致孔剂制备了多孔化Bioglass@CNFs。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等表征手段研究表明,不同的处理阶段碳纳米纤维的形貌发生变化,在热牵伸和化学反应的共同影响下,碳纳米纤维的直径会逐渐变小,但其取向度会有所改善;在高温烧结即碳化后,碳纳米纤维的表面生长出生物活性玻璃纳米粒子;Mg、Zn掺杂Bioglass@CNFs的表面都有生物活性玻璃纳米粒子生长,且Mg掺杂Bioglass@CNFs表面粒子组成以硅灰石(CaSiO3)和透辉石(MgCaSi2O6)为主,呈方形、数量多、大小均一,Zn掺杂Bioglass@CNFs表面粒子为无定形态,数量少、大小均一,这与Mg、Zn参与碳纳米纤维不同热处理阶段中发生的环化、脱氢和氧化等一系列化学反应的机制有关。此外,PMMA具有显著的制孔作用,高温烧结后Bioglass@CNFs内部出现中空管道结构,表面也出现大量微孔,大大提高了纤维的比表面积和粗糙度,且表面生长出的生物活性玻璃纳米粒子组成以硅灰石(β-CaSiO3)和假硅灰石Ca3(Si3O9)为主。     

静电纺丝法合成LaMnO_3及La_(0.875)Sr_(0.125)MnO_3纳米纤维

通过静电纺丝法合成了LaMnO_3和La_0.875Sr_0.125MnO_3纳米纤维,利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对纳米纤维进行了表征,同时阐述了静电纺丝法在合成复杂成分陶瓷纳米纤维方面的特点和优势.     

静电纺丝技术制备NiFe_2O_4纳米纤维的表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法与静电纺丝技术相结合制备了PVP/[Ni(NO3)2+Fe(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维,在一定温度下进行热处理,得到尖晶石结构的NiFe2O4纳米纤维。利用TG-DTA、XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM等分析手段对样品的组成及结构进行表征。TG-DTA分析表明,PVP/[Ni(NO3)2+Fe(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维的热处理温度高于450℃以后,质量恒定,总失重率为87.8%。XRD与FTIR分析表明,热处理温度高于600℃时,复合纳米纤维已经完全转变成尖晶石结构的NiFe2O4纳米纤维。SEM分析表明,所制备的PVP/[Ni(NO3)2+Fe(NO3)3]复合纤维直径在250～300nm之间,NiFe2O4纳米纤维直径约100nm,长度大于200μm。对NiFe2O4纳米纤维的形成机理进行了探讨。     

电纺丝法制备氧化锌纳米纤维

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)与乙酸锌的混合溶液为前驱体,采用静电纺丝法制得乙酸锌/PVA复合纤维,经煅烧后得到直径分布均匀的ZnO纳米纤维.对所制得的复合纤维及ZnO纳米纤维分别采用了热失重、X射线衍射、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析测试手段进行了表征.研究了纤维平均直径受电纺丝溶液配比的影响.     

用双坩埚硫化法制备Y2O2S∶Eu3+纳米纤维

通过静电纺丝技术制备了PVP/[Y(NO3)3+Eu(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维,在700℃焙烧后得到Y2O3∶Eu3纳米纤维,然后采用双坩埚法硫化Y2O3∶Eu3纳米纤维,得到Y2O2S∶Eu3+纳米纤维,并将其与固-固合成法得到的Y2O2S∶Eu3颗粒进行了比较,证明了双坩埚硫化法是一种重要的硫化方法,既可以在较低的温度下得到纯六方晶系的Y2O2S∶Eu3,又保持了Y2O3∶Eu3纳米纤维的形貌.详细地讨论了双坩埚硫化方法的反应机理.     

化学镀模板法制备纳米镍金属管

主要研究了以纳米碳纤维为模板,利用化学镀工艺制备镍纳米管的方法.该方法包括模板的预处理、化学镀、去模板以及对终产物的还原处理.利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察不同阶段的产物表面形貌,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察终产物形貌,利用粉末-X射线衍射(XRD)对终产物成分进行表征.结果表明,利用纳米碳纤维为模板通过化学镀的方法可以获得镍纳米管.     

静电纺丝法制备钛酸钡纳米纤维的工艺研究

以乙酸钡和钛酸四丁酯为原料,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP,Mw=1 300 000)为粘性剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法结合静电纺丝技术制备了高长/径比的钛酸钡纳米纤维(BaTiO3 NFs)。研究了乙酸-乙醇-去离子水、乙酸-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)-去离子水和乙酸-DMF-乙酰丙酮3种纺丝溶剂对纤维直径的影响,结果表明,经900℃煅烧处理后的BaTiO3 NFs主相为立方相。当PVP含量为8.7%(质量分数,下同)时,乙酸-DMF-乙酰丙酮为优化的纺丝溶剂,此时制备的BaTiO3 NFs直径最小,为200 nm,长/径比最大,为100:1;在此基础上,又采用正交实验法,考察了针头到接收器的距离、纺丝液流率和纺丝电压等纺丝参数对BaTiO3 NFs纤维长/径比的影响,结果发现,当针头到接收器的距离为21 cm、流率为0.5 mL/h以及纺丝电压为21 kV时,制备的BaTiO3 NFs形貌较均匀,直径为200 nm,长/径比最大,为125:1。     

静电纺丝技术制备无机物纳米纤维的最新研究进展

静电纺丝技术近年来在制备纳米纤维领域得到了广泛的应用,被认为是最简单有效的方法之一,已经用这种方法成功地制备了不同的纳米纤维.本文对静电纺丝法做了较全面的总结,对机理和改进方法进行了介绍,对影响因素做了细致的分析,还对无机纳米纤维的应用做了简单的展望.     

Mn掺杂ZnO基纳米纤维的制备与表征

有效地制备出均一单相的Mn掺杂ZnO基纳米纤维是构建微型自旋电子器件的前提和基础。采用静电纺丝法制备了5种不同浓度的Mn掺杂ZnO纳米纤维。通过调节控制纺丝过程中的工作电压,可以有效控制前驱体纤维的形貌和直径分布。在适当的热处理条件下,XRD图谱表征该5种掺杂浓度的纤维均呈现良好的六方纤锌矿结构。光致发光谱显示该纤维在400~1000nm的波长范围内出现了2个发光峰,且均随着Mn掺杂的进入而发生蓝移现象。     

静电纺丝技术制备金红石型TiO_2多孔空心纳米纤维

采用静电纺丝技术,以钛酸丁酯[Ti（OC4H9）4]、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和无水乙醇为原料,成功地制备出了金红石型TiO2多孔空心纳米纤维。用TEM、SEM、XRD等分析手段对多孔空心纳米纤维进行了表征。结果表明,所得产物为单相金红石型TiO2多孔空心纳米纤维,平均外径300nm,平均内径54nm,长度〉100gm。对TiO2多孔空心纳米纤维的形成机制进行了讨论。该技术可以用来制备其它无机氧化物多孔空心纳米纤维。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.