Calculation of the high heat value of biofuels

Unique experimental data on the high heat value of biofuels-soy and rapeseed oils and methyl esters of the latter-which are in good agreement with the data of domestic and foreign researchers confirm the results of calculations: high erucic oil and its derivatives have a higher energy potential than low erucic oil. These data allow determining the indicator and effective indexes of operation of diesel (multifuel) engines with a high degree of reliability. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 46–49, March–April, 2006.     

Treatment of wastewaters in oil and gas plants

The oil and gas complex makes its own “contribution” to the negative effect on nature and society. The production activity of its enterprises on the current technological level is accompanied by intensive environmental pollution, especially water pollution. Crude oil is an environmental hazard both in production and processing and in shipment. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 55 – 56, March — April, 2000.     

Co-oligomers of allylnaphthenates and vinyl monomers as viscosity additives for lube oils

The possibility of obtaining viscosity additives for petroleum and synthetic oils by synthesizing co-oligomers of allylnaphthenates with butyl methacrylate and allylnaphthenates with styrene was investigated. The conditions for obtaining co-oligomers with assigned properties were found. The compounds obtained have improved viscosity-temperature properties and are much more resistant to thermal effects than industrial viscosity additives. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 35–36, July–August, 2007.     

Dewaxing of the lube fraction using methyl isobutyl ketone

Dewaxing with selective solvents at low temperatures is unavoidable in production of lube oils from paraffinbase crude oils. A mixture of acetone or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and toluene is widely used as solvents in industrial installations. Ketones are used for precipitating solid paraffinic hydrocarbons, and toluene is used for dissolving the oil part of the feedstock. The basic problems in the practical use of these solvents are considered in [1–3]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 16 – 18, November – December, 1999.     

Rapeseed-oil mixtures for protecting metals from atmospheric corrosion

The physicochemical properties have been examined for low-erucic rapeseed oil (RO) and combinations of it with the anticorrosion additive IFKhAN-29A. There is a discussion of the water permeability of films of this and the water absorption by RO. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 31–38, March–April, 2009.     

Experience in operation of the revamped cat cracker in the GK-3 complex

The results of operation of the cat cracker after revamping with introduction of cracking technology in a once-through reactor in two basic regimes: “mild”-for maximum refining of light petroleum products at a low cracking temperature, and “severe”-for refining naphtha with high octane characteristics at a high cracking temperature. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 29–30, March–April, 2008.     

New laboratory methods for assessing motor oil quality

Fast laboratory methods have been developed for sufficiently reliably differentiating motor oils (primarily diesel oils) by qualification groups. These methods can be successfully used for developing new motor oil compositions and for assessing the correspondence of motor oils on the market to the claimed quality level, including for revealing counterfeit and pirated products. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 50–51, March–April, 2006.     

Diesel biofuel viscosity and heat of combustion

Measurements have been made on the kinematic viscosity at 20–80°C and on the upper heat of combustion of methyl esters of fatty acids from rapeseed, mustard, and colza oils and the oil of oily radish, as well as the ethyl esters of rapeseed oil. A method is proposed for calculating the viscosity of a mixture of esters from the fatty-acid composition. Matched data have been obtained on the specific heat of combustion of plant oils and their esters.     

Calculation of the heat value of biofuels with calorimetric and chromatographic data

The values of the gross (net) heating value were determined by burning samples of liquid biofuels-rapeseed and soy oils-and rapeseed oil fatty acid methyl esters manufactured in Germany and in Ukraine were determined. The experimental data obtained confirm the theoretical calculations that high erucic oil and its derivatives have the highest energy potential. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 42–44, November–December, 2006.     

Activity of sorbents in chromatographic studies

The chromatographic method of separating mixtures of different compounds was discovered by M. S. Tsvet as a result of research to create a method of establishing the composition of plant pigments, primarily chlorophyll. This research was completed by the articles “A new category of adsorption phenomena and their use in biochemical analysis” [1] and “A new category of adsorption phenomena. Adsorptions” [2]. In these articles, a column of colorless adsorbent with separate colored zones of individual pigments is known as the “chromatogram” and the proposed method is called “chromatographic.” These terms still persist, although their arbitrariness is obvious in the case of separation of colorless substances in rigid vinyl plastic and metal tubes — columns. Due to an oversight, this article was omitted in Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, Vol. 35, No. 1, 1999. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 43 – 45, January – February, 1999.     

Formation of sediment in used industrial oil. Effect of temperature and solvent

Precipitation of sediment caused by external factors — temperature and solvent — is due to the spin nature of the contaminants formed during use of the oil. These paramagnetic contaminants also lead to aging of oils. Their total elimination restores the properties of used oil to the level of the base oil, but requires sufficient energy effects. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 29–31, January–February, 2006.     

In the interdepartmental committee on approval and use of fuels, oils, and special fluids

An article by N. A. Usakova, N. N. Grishin, and V. A. Okruzhinov entitled “State testing, certification, and standardization of new fuels and oils” was published in issue No. 2 of the journal in the “Current Problems” section; it discussed problems and achievements in quality control of petroleum products — fuel and lube materials and special fluids from the stage of development to the final stage — organization of industrial production. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 10 – 11, September – October, 1999.     

Optimality of heat-exchange systems and selective decomposition of process fluxes

Optimally reliable chemical process systems are synthesized by generating optimal subsystems made up of optimal units. Optimal resource-saving heat-exchange systems (HES) are formed by generating heat-exchange units equipped with optimal heat-exchange vessels. The heat-exchange units are optimized by selecting the shell and tube dimensions, the number of tubes, the number of passes in the tube space, and the number of sections in the heat-exchange vessel. Joint Stock Company “Novo-Ufa Petroleum Refinery.” Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 16–18, September–October, 1997.     

Rheological properties of crude oils with a high resin and asphaltene content. Effect of an electromagnetic field and modifiers

The rheological properties of crude oils from the Kuchukov field were investigated at 20–70°C in the presence of surfactants and after treatment with a high-frequency electromagnetic field. The viscosity of crude from one field is a function of the resin and asphaltene content. Addition of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether improves the rheological characteristics. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 34–35, May–June, 2006.     

Selective treatment of lube oil distillates using pulsation equipment

The possibility of using pulsation equipment, which has exhibited high efficiency in different areas of chemical engineering and in extraction treatment of lube oil distillates — the feedstock for production of base oils — with selective solvents was investigated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 6–9, January–February, 2008.     

Efficacy of inhibitors in high-temperature catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbon oils

The efficacy of different inhibitors in mineral and synthetic base oils in conditions of high-temperature catalytic oxidation was investigated. It was found that all of the inhibitors investigated only slowed the oxidation reaction in mineral oils, while three of the inhibitors totally stopped the reaction in synthetic oil. The efficacy factors of the inhibitors for different base oils were determined. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 29–31, September–October, 2008.     

Selective hydrocracking of partially dewaxed raffinates

Dewaxing of raffinates by the crystallization method is the most expensive process in modern oil unit schemes. To reduce the cost of producing dewaxed oils, studies are constantly being conducted to develop new versions of the process. One of them is selective hydrocracking, or catalytic hydrodewaxing [1]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 26 – 27, January – February, 2000.     

Criteria for limiting contamination of motor oil by fuel

The change in the service properties of modern motor oils in contamination by fuel was examined. It was experimentally shown that mineral and synthetic oils can totally lose their working capacity when contaminated by fuel. The dependences of the properties of oils on the mechanical and thermal loads in the friction unit and the degree of contamination of the oil by the fuel were obtained. The limiting and damaging concentrations of fuel in oils of different quality were substantiated. Recommendations were made for determining the limiting concentrations. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 22–26, January–February, 2007.     

Alkyl methacrylate and styrene terpolymers as lubricating oil viscosity index improvers

The properties of styrene/dodecyl methacrylate/octadecyl methacrylate terpolymers as viscosity index improvers of lubricating mineral oils were investigated. Terpolymers of different composition and molar mass were prepared by peroxide-initiated polymerization of the monomer mixture in a mineral base oil solution. All the terpolymer solutions in base oil exhibited high kinematic viscosity and viscosity index values (> 130), proving their high thickening efficiency. The ratio of viscosity values at 100°C and 40°C of styrene/alkyl methacrylate additive solutions was between 0.95 and 1.0, showing the coherent thickening effect in a wide temperature range, comparable with pure alkyl methacrylate additives. Increasing content of styrene in the additive and decreasing molar mass of the terpolymer resulted in a decrease in viscosity and viscosity index while the shear stability increased. The obtained results give guidelines for optimization of the terpolymers composition and structure in order to assure the best lubricant application properties. Published in Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 23–27, September–October, 2007.     

Production of narrow-distillation oil distillates

Modern technology for production of the entire spectrum of narrow-distillation oil distillates for manufacture of base oils using the latest contact devices and a new system for creating the vacuum in the vacuum tower is examined. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 7–9, July–August, 2007.