海河流域急需加快抽水蓄能电站的开发

1华北电网概况1．1现状海河流域大部分处在华北电网的供电范围，包括京津唐电网、河北省南部电网和内蒙两部电网。1992年全网统调机组总量2301．8万kW，其中水电装机73．6万kW，占全网总容量的3．6％。全年发电量1018．5亿kW·h，其中水电9．01亿KW·h，占全网总容量的0．9％。     

修建抽水蓄能电站是解决四川电网调峰的有效途径

本文通过对四川电网现状和电力发展规划的综合分析，指出电网存在严重减少调峰容量的问题，为了调峰需要，目前电网付出了相当大的经济代价，每年水电网峰弃水少发电量１０亿ｋＷ·ｈ以上，火电调峰限发电量２２亿ｋＷ·ｈ以上，到２０００年装机３３０万ｋＷ的二滩电站全部投运后，虽然调峰问题有所缓和，但是除水电全年调峰外，火电站水期调峰仍然不能缺少，修建蓄能电站是解决电网调峰问题和提高电网经济效益的有效途径。     

湖南镇水电站扩建综合评价

湖南镇水电站扩建综合评价黄献新（中国水利水电第十二工程局二公司，浙江金华，３２１０２７）１浙江电网的现状与今后发展的要求浙江电网是华东电网的一部分。该电网以火电为主，水电为辅。至１９９１年底，浙江省５００ｋＷ以上电厂装机容量５７６．４万ｋＷ，其中：火...     

新安江水电站在华东电网中的地位和作用

新安江水电站是华东电网的基础电站，它促进了跨省电网的联合，从电站的经济效益和调峰，调频，事故备用等方面看，新安江水电站只有依托华东电网，才能充分发挥其作用和经济效益，华东电网也需要有这样的大型水电站，才能使电网有良好的经济性和可靠性。     

黄河流域水电建设成就及效益分析

根据黄河干支流已建水电站的实际统计资料，分析计算敢黄河流域已建水电站的经济效益，并定性地分析了水忆开发的社会环境效益。分析结果表明，黄河流域水电事业的发展，不仅具有巨大的发电经济效益。在电网的调峰、调频、安全经济运行发挥了很大的作用，而且为流域内社会经济发展作了贡献。     

乌江渡水电站扩建的必要性

根据贵州省社会经济和能源资源组成情况及贵州省电力系统现状与远景规划，着重从促进贵州省能源基地建设，满足电网安全运行，优化电站运行方式、等方面分析和探讨了乌江渡水电站扩大装机容量的必要性。，     

广州蓄能水电厂在电网中的重要性

对广州蓄能水电厂在电网运行中的主要特点作了介绍。再根据１９９５年春节期间，电网对抽水蓄能电厂利用比较充分的实际运行情况分析，认为广州蓄能水电厂目前在电网中的主要作用是对电网的有功功率和无功功率进行灵活快速调节，因此其主要经济效益也反映在电网的总体效益中。     

广州抽水蓄能电站在广东电网中的运用

广州抽水蓄能电站一期工程装机容量４×３００ＭＷ，于１９９４年１２月１日４台机组全部投入商业运行。该电站投产后对保证电网频率质量，控制电网电压，减少汛期弃水，提高供电可靠性起了重要作用。显著提高了广东电网和香港九龙电网的调峰和事故备用能力，是实现大亚湾核电站带基本负荷运行的决定性因素和必要条件。     

水电站扩建对优化华东电网电源结构的作用

文章分析了华东电网的水力资源开发状况，电网发展需求和水电站扩建的效益及经济性，阐述了水电站扩建对优化电网电源结构的作用。     

引子渡水电站经济评价的几点体会

引子渡水电站经济评价，把对项目的评价与电力市场改革紧密结合起来，把引子渡水电站放入贵州电网中，以贵州省电网和电力用户可承受的电价水平作为边界条件，以具有市场竞争力的上网电价为突破口来开展工作。     

基于蚁群算法的配电网络综合优化方法

配电网络综合优化是改善电压质量、降低网损、实现配电网络自动化的重要环节，针对现有配电网络综合优化算法的不足，建立了融配电网络重构和电容器投切于一体的配电网络综合优化数学模型，提出了基于蚁群算法的配电网络综合优化计算新方法，新算法不依赖各种初始参数，不易陷于局部最优，通过实例分析表明，新算法与现有各种方法相比，具有适应性好、计算效率高、优化效果好的优点。     

夏季引流条件下苏州古城区河网水质变化研究

为探寻城市河网水动力提升对水环境改善的影响,评估引水调流效益,以苏州古城区河网为例,在夏季丰水期条件下通过对不同流量引水条件下数条河流水动力及水质的监测和分析,探讨水动力作用对河网水体的水质改善效果。结果表明,在汛期允许最佳引流条件下,苏州齐门河、平门河及学士河的污染物通量分别下降了15.2%,16.5%和13.2%,其中古城区北部河网水环境改善情况明显高于南部河网。引水调流方案能够有效增强古城河网流动性,而河网水体中COD和溶解氧含量在不同水动力条件下的变化较为敏感,可以作为古城区河网典型水质指标参数,反映水动力调控的影响效果。     

Improving Operation of Pressurized Irrigation Systems by an Off-grid Control Devices Network

Water demand in irrigation is expected to increase in the near future, and it will be seriously impacted by climate change, specifically in semi-arid areas. The increase of water demand, along with the reduction of water availability, can seriously intensify the frequency and magnitude of pressure deficits in pressurized irrigation networks, with dangerous consequences on the healthy crop growth and on the crop production. In this framework, the present paper investigates the contribution of a network of smart control valves, named GreenValve System (GVS, patented by the Politecnico di Milano), to improve the management of a pressurized irrigation system. The GVS is able to recover energy for its operation from the flow, to be remotely commanded and to introduce management logics based on real-time data in order to create a stand-alone real-time monitoring and control network. In the paper, specifically, a three-step general and replicable methodological approach for the definition of installation and operating conditions for these valves is proposed. The effectiveness of a specific management logic, allowed by the use of the GVS, to limit pressure deficit and failure occurrence in the network is discussed. Reference is made to a case study on a critical on-demand irrigation network. The results showed that the introduction of simple management rules can reduce and even avoid the occurrence of hydrant failure, creating the conditions for more effective use of the resources.

     

Effects of Pipe Roughness Uncertainty on Water Distribution Network Performance During its Operational Period

The design of new water distribution networks (WDNs) is an important social problem. Failures during an operational period provoke deficits in consumption nodes thus decreasing the performance of the network. WDN performance can be defined as the ability to sufficiently secure demand and desirable pressure in nodes based on changes in design parameters. This paper focuses on the evaluation of network performance during an operational period, taking into account pipe roughness uncertainty. A network analysis is performed by generating probabilistic series of pipe roughness using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) in the operational period of the Two-loop WDN. Results show that an increase in pipe roughness uncertainty causes a decrease in network performance in the operational period. Furthermore, the network has a desirable efficiency only in the first 10 years. Thus, the proposed design methodology that considers the uncertainty of design variables is an effective procedure to evaluate network performance.     

一种新的模糊聚类神经网络及其在水资源评价中的应用

本文在工程模糊集理论的基础上，融合香努(Kohonen)聚类网络与自适应谐振理论(Adaptive Resonance Theory, ART)的优点给出了一种新的模糊聚类神经网络，并将其应用于区域水资源评价中。网络模型融入模糊识别理论，增强了处理复杂水资源问题的能力，同时模糊竞争的学习算法改善了Kohonen网络学习效果。结合ART理论使得网络模糊类别数可以增加，因此具有较强的可塑性。最后，通过水资源丰富度评价与水资源承载能力评价实例验证了本文提出的模型与方法的可行性与有效性。     

基于GIS的避洪转移分析技术研究

为减少洪水溃堤造成的洪灾生命损失,快速高效组织人员撤离避险,详细介绍了避洪转移分析流程,探讨了GIS网络分析技术在避洪转移分析中的应用方法。该方法包括路网数据的拓扑检查与处理、路网数据集的建立、转移单元与安置点的合理配置、避险最优路径计算分析等。并以浑河右岸某段堤防溃堤为例,实现了避洪转移最短路径搜索,绘制避洪转移路线图。结果表明应用GIS技术可方便得出避险转移最优路径、提高转移效率、节约转移成本,绘制的避险转移图及方法等能为防洪应急预案的制定提供科学参考。     

Optimal Location of Pump as Turbines (PATs) in Water Distribution Networks to Recover Energy and Reduce Leakage

Water distribution networks are high energy and low efficiency systems, where water pressure is frequently reduced by dissipation valves to limit leakage. The dissipation produced by the valves can be converted to energy production to increase the efficiency and reduce the energy impact of networks. If valves are replaced by turbines or pumps as turbines (PATs), they can both reduce pressure and produce energy. This study focuses on the optimal location of PATs within a water distribution network in order to both produce energy and reduce leakage. A new optimization model is developed consisting of several linear and non-linear constraints and a newly proposed objective function, where the turbine installation costs as well as the energy production and the economic saving due to the reduction of leakage can be accounted all together. The case study shows that the application of the mathematical model to a synthetic network ensures better results, in terms of both energy production and water saving, in comparison to other procedures.     

中长期用水量预测在城市水资源配置中的应用

本文从H市给水管网系统改扩建工程的实际出发,运用灰色神经网络方法对城市中长期用水量进行了预测,建立了灰色神经网络GNNM(1,1)用水量预测模型,达到了在数据较少情况下提高预测精度的目的,编程实践证明是可行的。     

东风水电站监测网的改进意见

从理论上讲，边角网同测边网相比能提高点位精度。如用ME5000测距仪测边，则测边精度很高，而方向观测精度一般只能达到0．5″左右，致使边、角精度匹配不合理，此时边角网与测边网比，提高精度很有限。对于东风水电站监测网来说，测边网的精度已能满足要求，不必采用边角网形式，这样既能缩短观测时间，又能节约经费。     

图论法用于供水管网水力计算的研究

图论理论是网络分析的主要工具，现用于管网的水力平衡计算，既充分发挥了图论理论的优势，使计算变得简便、迅捷，又可将管网附件加入计算，使结果更准确、更符合实际．文中采用峰阵输入管网结构，使输入数据的工作量大大减少，易于编制程序，计算大型的复杂管网．