Harmonic signals from electroabsorption modulators for bias control

Harmonic signals reflected from electroabsorption modulators are measured and analyzed as a function of modulator bias. The second-harmonic signal exhibits a dip close to the bias where the maximum of RF link gain occurs, over a significant optical power range. Using an equivalent circuit analysis we show this is caused by the inherent electroabsorption effect. The second-harmonic signal can be exploited for dynamic self-bias control of electroabsorption modulators in analog fiber-optic links     

Optical harmonic mixers

Mixing of optical signals in a waveguide via the second-order nonlinear effect in semiconductors was studied theoretically and experimentally. The InP-based material system was the main focus of the investigations. Both the up-conversion leading to second-harmonic generation and the down-conversion leading to optical rectification were analyzed and experimentally verified. Experiments in nonlinear optical waveguide structures at 1.55 μm wavelength have shown the existence of both the quadratic second-harmonic signals as well as the linearly dependent optical rectification signals. Quantitative estimates confirmed a good agreement between the theory and the experiment. Some interesting applications for high-speed optical data processing required in transparent optical telecommunication systems have been identified. Most attractive functions proposed to be implemented with these types of devices are, for example, flexible-to-bit-rate all-optical clock extraction in a transparent high-performance optical telecommunication network or accurate and fast measurement of optical frequency for optical synchronization needs in wavelength-division-multiplexing systems     

Analysis of chromatic dispersion-induced second-harmonic distortions including laser dynamics to the second order

We perform analysis of chromatic dispersion-induced second-harmonic distortions including laser diode dynamics. Investigating laser diode dynamics fully to the second order, we derive analytical expressions for intensity and frequency modulation indices. Using these, we accurately model chromatic dispersion-induced second-harmonic distortions for signals produced by a directly modulated distributed feedback laser. The results agree well with numerical solutions, as well as with experimental results for a wide range of modulation frequencies and fiber lengths.     

激光诱导声信号通信技术的初步研究

构建了激光声实验测量系统,利用脉冲激光聚焦击穿水介质产生声信号,由水听器将声信号转换成电信号并送入数字存储示波器.分析了激光声信号的时频域数学模型,通过实验对单个激光声信号的时频域特征进行了研究,对激光声通信的信号调制方式进行了理论分析和实验验证.研究结果表明:激光声信号的脉宽约为20s,其能量主要集中在200 kHz内,这其中100~200 kHz内的能量占到的比例大约有50%,通过对激光声信号进行幅度调制和频率调制,可以有效实现激光声通信过程.     

Second- and third-order signal predistortion for nonlinear distortion suppression in a TWT

The nonlinearity inherent in the traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier distorts amplified signals and results in reduced efficiency and bandwidth, limiting its use in communication and electronic countermeasure applications. Signal predistortion is an effective technique for suppressing nonlinear distortion in TWTs that provides high suppression and requires simple circuits for implementation. While conventional predistortion linearizers are based on third-order intermodulation (3IM) injection, this paper proposes using second-order (second-harmonic) signal injection in predistortion circuits. A detailed experimental investigation and comparison of second-order versus third-order signal predistortion is presented. It is observed that both schemes result in suppression of up to 30 dB (55 dBc) for the 3IM distortion products. However, experimental results indicate that second-harmonic signal injection performs better than 3IM in suppressing higher order products. The paper also investigates spatial evolution of the wave spectrum along the TWT axis with and without injection, and sensitivity of the suppression to injected signals amplitude, phase and the fundamental frequency.     

Poling of silica with silver-containing electrodes

The authors report very large second-harmonic signals were observed from thermally poled silica waveguide samples. In contrast, only small linear electro-optic effects were detected. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements show that large amounts of positive ions, in particular silver ions, are injected during poling. The ions originate from the painted-on top poling electrode     

基于谐波检测原理的双气室气体传感器研究

基于气体的近红外吸收机理,研究了一种双气室光纤气体传感系统。通过光纤光栅和压电陶瓷对宽带光源LED进行波长调制,获得与气体吸收峰对应的窄带反射出射光。利用谐波检测原理,检测测量气室和参考气室的二次谐波信号,以它们的比值作为系统输出,消除了吸收系数随环境的变化、光源光功率的波动和光路干扰对测量精度的影响。利用波分复用技术实现了多种气体的高精度测量,甲烷气体测量的实验结果表明该系统的测量灵敏度可以达到1×10-5。     

基于空时处理的水声扩频通信

由于海洋干扰严重,水声通信十分困难。扩频通信技术具有良好的抗干扰性能,能够保证在复杂的海洋环境中进行可靠的通信,常被用于水声通信中。水声信道是典型的相干多径信道。沿不同路径到达的信号具有不同的传播时延和到达角,因此接收信号具有时空特性。即接收信号具有时延扩展和角度扩展。多径信号的相干叠加导致接收信号中存在严重的符号间干扰。为了充分利用水声信号的时空聚类特性,该文设计了一个空时处理器,分别对沿每条路径到达的信号进行滤波。结合时空簇的多样性,可以有效提高通信系统的可靠性。提出了一种基于空时聚类处理的水声扩频通信方案。并在仿真和实验中对该通信方案进行了比较和分析,以验证其性能优势。     

水下声信号激光探测技术研究

水下声信号激光探测技术采用了激光接收技术。它在空气中利用光波，而在水中利用声波，把两种最佳的信道和物理场结合了起来，是遥感探测水下声信号的一种比较理想的方法。水下声信号在水空气界面会引起表面波动而对打在水表面处的激光束进行幅度调制。利用直接光强检测方法可以检测受水下声信号调制的激光信号。本文在理论分析的基础上通过试验验证了激光探测水下声信号技术的可行性，同时对水下声信号光电探测存在的问题进行了探讨并提出了相应的解决途径。     

Quadratic solitons with gain and loss

Propagation of soliton signals in quadratic nonlinear media under conditions for second-harmonic generation in the presence of multiple-frequency-band absorption and amplification is addressed. The reshaping and energy redistribution of the multiple-frequency solitons under the action of the single-band loss and gain is investigated and shown in detail. New chirped localized solitary-wave solutions that exactly compensate loss and gain are presented. Practical implementation conditions are discussed     

一种新的改善激光声信号特性的方法

为了改善激光声信号的特性,设计了激光声换能器。对换能器的设计原理和结构进行了说明。构建了激光声实验系统,利用脉冲激光分别在自由场和换能器内部聚焦击穿水介质产生声信号,由水听器将声信号转换成电信号并送入数字存储示波器。对两种条件下产生的激光声信号特性进行了比较。结果表明:同自由场产生的激光声信号相比,利用换能器产生的激光声信号特性有了一定程度的改善。其中,信号峰值幅度提高了3 倍,能量向60 kHz 以下频段集中,1m处发散角压缩到13.2,衰减速度变慢。     

激光等离子体声信号特性

为了对激光等离子体声信号特性进行深入研究,构建了激光声实验系统。使用波长1.06 mNd:YAG 脉冲激光聚焦击穿水介质产生激光等离子体声信号,使用水听器对信号进行接收,通过高速摄像机对信号产生过程进行了记录。分析了激光等离子体声信号的时频域特征。从理论上研究了激光等离子体声信号的指向性和传输特性,并进行了实验验证。研究结果表明:激光等离子体声信号时域脉宽为15 s 左右,频带宽度为200 kHz,主频在70 kHz 左右。信号在不同传输角度上的幅度差异很小,按照近似1/r 的规律衰减,传输过程中主频逐渐减小。     

Analysis of Ultrafast All-Optical OTDM Demultiplexing Based on Cascaded Wavelength Conversion in PPLN Waveguides

Ultrafast all-optical optical time-division multiplexing demultiplexing based on the cascaded second-harmonic generation and difference-frequency generation wavelength conversion in quasi-phase-matched periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides are studied theoretically. For a typical 160- to 10-Gb/s demultiplexing process, conversion efficiency, pulse shape, time delay, phase variation, and crosstalk are investigated in two different arrangements of the 160-Gb/s signals, and both the wavelength conversion and pulse reshaping can be realized     

Large Signal Analysis of Harmonic and Intermodulation Distortion in Switched-Current Audio Memory Cells

Closed-form expressions are presented for the harmonic and intermodulation performance of SI audio memory cells excited by large amplitude multisinusoidal current signals. Effects of the threshold-voltage mismatch, the output conductance and the clock-injection are taken into consideration. The results show that under certain conditions, the second-harmonic components resulting from these three sources may be out of phase and thus cancellation, resulting in minimum distortion, may result.     

激光探测水下声信号的实验研究

在实验室条件下,对于不同频率、不同振动强度的水下声音信号展开激光相干探测研究,建立了基于该方法的实验系统。水表面在水下声音信号作用下产生波动时,用激光照射水表面,其产生的水表面散射光携带了声波信息并与参考光发生干涉,对干涉信号进行采集并处理可得到水下声信号的频率与强度信息。对不同条件下得到的实验结果进行对比分析。实验结果表明,激光相干探测技术可有效地探测水下声信号,并且随着声信号的频率提高、强度减弱,探测效果趋于变差。实验系统采用全光纤光路设计,取得了较好的效果。     

The Analysis of Under Water Vehicle Non-Stationary Acoustic Transient Signals Using a New Fast Algorithm for Constructing Positive Time-Frequency Distributions

It is well know that under water vehicles emit many types of acoustic signals, including stationary as well as non-stationary. The non-stationary transient signals are receiving considerable attention, especially from the standpoint of detection and tracking of under water vehicles. Thus, modern methods for processing these non-stationary acoustic transient signals are required. This paper presents a very powerful method for analyzing acoustic transient signals, the positive time-frequency distribution. A fast algorithm that implements the minimum cross-entropy positive time-frequency distribution makes practical the processing of 'real world data', like under water vehicle acoustic transient signals. An example of such a signal is presented, which is a generic acoustic transient signal from a under water vehicle. The signal is only representative, as it is normalized in time, in frequency, and in amplitude. The positive time-frequency distribution constructed for this generic transient signal is contrasted with the one-third octave method, which is currently the primary method being used by the under water vehicle community to analyze under water vehicle transients. The positive distribution is also contrasted with broad band and narrow band spectrograms.     

管道附件影响的管道声发射信号衰减特性

以包含多种附件的液体和气体管道为对象,开展复杂结构管道声发射信号的衰减特性研究。通过采集不同流量压力下管道本体的声发射信号,分析其幅值衰减规律,并用DB8小波包与快速傅里叶变换(FFT)研究管道声发射信号成分变化。通过采集阀门、法兰、流量计等6种管道附件前后的声发射信号并分析衰减规律,发现对声发射信号衰减影响最大的管道部件为电磁流量计。之后重点分析了法兰上螺栓连接紧固程度对信号幅值和频率成分的影响,实验结果表明,螺栓紧固程度越高,声发射信号衰减越小。本文的相关研究结论对工程中进行输油或输气管道进行声发射检测时的传感器布设决策具有集成化的参考价值。     

声测定位技术的现状研究

声测定位技术是利用声学与电子装置接收声信号以确定声源位置的一种技术,具有隐蔽性好、保密性强、不易受干扰等特点。近年来受到各国的重视,并在军事领域得到长足的发展。重点介绍声测定位的关键技术,时延估计算法和声测阵列的选择是影响定位精度的主要因素。对几种广泛采用的声测阵列,给出相应的基本原理、定位计算方法并对各自特点进行比较。在声测定位系统中,利用时延估计对声信号进行处理是定位的重要环节,介绍了时延估计的基本理论、研究状况以及精度分析和比较,分析了影响定位精度的其他因素。     

A Wavelet Packet Algorithm for Classification and Detection of Moving Vehicles

In this paper we propose a robustalgorithm that solves two related problems: 1) Classificationof acoustic signals emitted by different moving vehicles. Therecorded signals have to be assigned to pre-existing categoriesindependently from the recording surrounding conditions. 2) Detectionof the presence of a vehicle in a certain class via analysisof its acoustic signature against the existing database of recordedand processed acoustic signals. To achieve this detection withpractically no false alarms we construct the acoustic signatureof a certain vehicle using the distribution of the energies amongblocks which consist of wavelet packet coefficients. We allowno false alarms in the detection even under severe conditions;for example when the acoustic recording of target object is asuperposition of the acoustics emitted from other vehicles thatbelong to other classes. The proposed algorithm is robust evenunder severe noise and a range of rough surrounding conditions.This technology, which has many algorithmic variations, can beused to solve a wide range of classification and detection problemswhich are based on acoustic processing which are not relatedto vehicles. These have numerous applications.     

Characteristics of second-harmonic generation including third-ordernonlinear interactions

A theoretical analysis is presented for second-harmonic generation in nonlinear dielectric media. Mathematical expressions are derived for both the amplitude and phase evolution of optical waves for second-harmonic generation, wherein both second- and third-order nonlinear interactions are taken into consideration. Based on the results, numerical examples of second-harmonic generation in LiNbO₃ are presented, and the effects of third-order interactions on the frequency conversion efficiency and the intensity-dependent phase-matching condition are discussed. The derived result is amenable to a rigorous analysis of second-harmonic generation with a high-intensity incidence to nonlinear dielectric media, where the intensity-dependent optical parameters cannot he neglected