基于碳纳米管模板的氮化镓纳米线束合成

通过金属有机物化学气相沉积方法在碳纳米管模板上生长氮化镓纳米线束.对所生长的纳米结构进行了扫描电镜和X射线能谱分析,结果显示氮化镓纳米晶体可以与碳纳米管形成纳米线束状复合物.纳米线束状复合物直径为100～200 nm,长度为1.5～2.5μm,纳米线的两端呈现尖角状.由于氨气很容易吸附在碳纳米管表面,可知所获得的纳米结构的初始生长机制为碳纳米管的表面氮化.该研究也证明金属有机物化学气相沉积将是用于制造化合物纳米结构材料的一项有效的技术.     

Ag(TCNQ)纳米线的制备和场发射性能研究

采用气-液-固反应方法在硅片上制备了取向金属有机配合物Ag(TCNQ)纳米线.样品的XRD特征峰与Ag(TCNQ)相对应;SEM形貌显示纳米线几乎垂直基片生长,直径在50～300nm,长度在2～50μm.初步对其场发射性能进行了研究,所得Ag(TCNQ)纳米线的最低场发射开启电压约为1.5Vμm-1,最大发射电流密度约为0.03mAcm-2,此时对应的电场约为2.5Vpm-1.由测量所得I-Ⅴ曲线得到的FoWler-Nordheim(F-N)曲线近似为一条直线,说明样品具有场发射性能.重复实验表明,Ag(TCNQ)纳米线的场发射具有一定的稳定性.结合纳米线制备工艺,初步分析了场发射性能的影响因素.     

化学还原法合成均匀银纳米线的条件研究

采用化学还原法,以乙二醇为还原剂,聚乙烯砒咯烷酮(PVP K30)为表面活性剂,通过还原硝酸银(AgNO3)溶液直接制备了高浓度的Ag纳米线溶液,并研究了PVP与AgNO3溶液摩尔浓度比和AgNO3溶液浓度对Ag纳米线生长的影响.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纳米Ag晶体的生长形貌进行了比较,利...     

多元醇介导还原的银纳米线的形貌与结构调控

以硝酸银为银源、乙二醇为还原剂，采取溶剂热反应途径，制备了高长径比的银(Ag)纳米线，通过聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的选择性晶面吸附、乙二醇的介导和无机离子的辅助作用，对Ag纳米线的物相和形貌结构进行了有效调控。详细地考察了PVP加入量、无机离子助剂摩尔配比、反应时间和温度等因素对Ag纳米线产物形貌的影响。结果表明：将PVP浓度控制在44g/L,调节等摩尔离子(Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺)助剂的总浓度为0.24mmol/L,在408K温度下进行5h溶剂热反应，可获得平均线径70nm、平均长度高于40μm的Ag纳米线，非线性副产物(如微纳米Ag晶粒)占比不超过5%,且Ag纳米线产物的纯度高、结晶度良好。     

载银多壁碳纳米管抗菌剂结构与性能的研究

以多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)为载体,通过化学吸附的方法制备载银多壁碳纳米管(Ag/MWNTs)抗菌剂.用SEM、TEM、FT-IR、XRD对其表观形貌、结构进行了表征.结果表明,银离子(Ag+)被吸附到MWNTs的表面,通过抑菌环实验表明,Ag/MWNTs对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都有很好的抗菌效果.     

Ag掺杂ZnO纳米线酒敏性能的研究

利用浸渍法将ZnO纳米线浸渍于AgNO3溶液中制备了Ag 掺杂的ZnO纳米线.借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对纳米线的晶体结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明纳米线既含面心立方结构的Ag又含有六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO.三维网络结构的ZnO纳米线被一层致密的Ag颗粒包裹并在其表面形成了大量的具有高比表面剂的孔洞结构.将纯的和Ag掺杂的ZnO 纳米线都作为酒敏传感材料,在酒精浓度为0.001%,工作温度为150～400℃的范围内测试了它们的气敏特性,结果显示,Ag掺杂的ZnO纳米线的酒精灵敏度比纯ZnO纳米线提高了14.在工作温度为350℃的条件下测试了它们的响应-恢复时间.气敏元件的酒敏特性主要归结于表面吸附效应.     

碳纳米管复合材料表面化学镀Ni-P合金

用化学镀的方法在多壁碳纳米管表面沉积Ni-P合金,制备了碳纳米管复合材料,并对制备的复合材料进行透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征.通过XRD分析表明,沉积在碳纳米管表面的Ni-P合金是非晶态的.TEM观察复合碳纳米管发现,在其表面沉积有分散均匀的纳米级金属颗粒,Ni-P合金呈球形,粒径大小约为20～30 nm.磁性测试结果为:其矫顽力是412.0 Oe,剩磁比为0.23.     

载银TiO_2纳米线的制备及其光吸收性能

以纳米TiO2(P25)粉体为原料,采用水热法合成了TiO2纳米线,通过葡萄糖还原Ag(NH3)2+,得到了表面载银(Ag)的TiO2纳米线。利用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)对产物进行了表征。结果表明,Ag纳米粒子均匀分散在纳米线表面,并且该Ag/TiO2纳米线在可见光区域表现出较强的吸收性能。     

Ag/SBA-15纳米复合材料的超临界流体沉积法制备、性能表征和催化特征

用超临界流体沉积法以无机盐为前驱物制备纳米复合材料.超临界二氧化碳为溶剂,乙醇或乙二醇为共溶剂,AgNO₃为前驱物,SBA-15为载体,在50℃、23~25MPa、3~24h条件下制备担载型纳米复合材料.反应结束后,经焙烧、还原处理,可得到Ag/SBA-15纳米复合材料.经XRD、TEM表征发现,担载的Ag纳米粒子分散均匀,粒径范围3~7nm;纳米线宽度5~9nm,长度由十几纳米到几微米,分散性较好.实验研究表明,超临界流体沉积法是制备纳米复合材料的有效方法,选择合适的共溶剂可以用超临界二氧化碳溶解无机盐.选择合适的沉积条件可以控制复合材料中金属相的形态. 对制备的复合材料进行催化活性评价表明,300℃下CO选择氧化反应可以完全转化.     

消息报道

正宁波材料所提出金属陶瓷超材料薄膜制备新方法近日,中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所高俊华副研究员和曹鸿涛研究员提出了金属陶瓷超材料薄膜制备新方法,采用传统的射频共溅射沉积工艺,辅以衬底偏压,制备了定向排布Ag金属纳米线/氧化铝陶瓷复合超材料薄膜,纳米线间距(轴心到轴心)进入sub-5nm区间,阵列中纳米线平均直径约为3nm;纳米线长     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.