多字体印刷维吾尔文的切分

在许多文字识别系统中, 字符切分是预处理阶段的一部分, 其目的是从文本图象中分离出字母图象。而后才能针对切分后的每个字母进行识别。在具有连体特征的文字中, 字符切分就显得特别重要, 因为字符切分的准确与否直接影响字符的识别。维吾尔文就具有这种明显的连体特点, 本文主要讨论了采用抽取投影特征的方法, 实现了多字体维吾尔文的行切分、字切分和字符切分。     

Recognition of Handwritten Arabic Characters using Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG)

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the process of recognizing printed or handwritten text on paper documents. This paper proposes an OCR system for Arabic characters. In addition to the preprocessing phase, the proposed recognition system consists mainly of three phases. In the first phase, we employ word segmentation to extract characters. In the second phase, Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG) are used for feature extraction. The final phase employs Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classifying characters. We have applied the proposed method for the recognition of Jordanian city, town, and village names as a case study, in addition to many other words that offers the characters shapes that are not covered with Jordan cites. The set has carefully been selected to include every Arabic character in its all four forms. To this end, we have built our own dataset consisting of more than 43.000 handwritten Arabic words (30000 used in the training stage and 13000 used in the testing stage). Experimental results showed a great success of our recognition method compared to the state of the art techniques, where we could achieve very high recognition rates exceeding 99%.     

基于CNN图像识别与语义可靠性的路径搜索方法

光学字符识别技术可有效提高票据应用中票据信息录入的工作效率。针对票据的复杂背景与不规范手写字符降低票据识别准确率的问题,结合卷积神经网络图像识别与语义可靠性,提出一种可靠性优先的路径搜索方法,以降低模糊字符对搜索路径的干扰。利用基于公司名结构特点的前后缀推断策略,有效解决公司名前后缀识别错误问题。采用结巴中文分词与字符位置信息检查识别结果中的错误,并将长短期记忆语言模型与在传统字形相似度基础上引入的汉字部件相似度相结合进行纠错。实验结果表明,通过将纠错策略与该方法相结合可有效提高公司名识别准确率至93.08%。     

Hybrid fuzzy-neural systems in handwritten word recognition

Two hybrid fuzzy neural systems are developed and applied to handwritten word recognition. The word recognition system requires a module that assigns character class membership values to segments of images of handwritten words. The module must accurately represent ambiguities between character classes and assign low membership values to a wide variety of noncharacter segments resulting from erroneous segmentations. Each hybrid is a cascaded system. The first stage of both is a self-organizing feature map (SOFM). The second stages map distances into membership values. The third stage of one system is a multilayer perceptron (MLP). The third stage of the other is a bank of Choquet fuzzy integrals (FI). The two systems are compared individually and as a combination to the baseline system. The new systems each perform better than the baseline system. The MLP system slightly outperforms the FI system, but the combination of the two outperforms the individual systems with a small increase in computational cost over the MLP system. Recognition rates of over 92% are achieved with a lexicon set having average size of 100. Experiments were performed on a standard test set from the SUNY/USPS CD-ROM database     

Real-time arabic handwritten character recognition

This paper considers the development of a real-time Arabic handwritten character recognition system. The shape of an Arabic character depends on its position in a given word. The system assumes that characters result from a reliable segmentation stage, thus, the position of the character is known a priori. Thus, four different sets of character shapes have been independently considered. Each set is further divided into four subsets depending on the number of strokes in the character. The system has been heavily tested and the average recognition rate has been found to be 99.6% where most of the misrecognized characters were actually written with little care. Thus, the system can be reliably used for the recognition of on-line handwritten characters entered via a graphic tablet.     

Video OCR: indexing digital news libraries by recognition of superimposed captions

The automatic extraction and recognition of news captions and annotations can be of great help locating topics of interest in digital news video libraries. To achieve this goal, we present a technique, called Video OCR (Optical Character Reader), which detects, extracts, and reads text areas in digital video data. In this paper, we address problems, describe the method by which Video OCR operates, and suggest applications for its use in digital news archives. To solve two problems of character recognition for videos, low-resolution characters and extremely complex backgrounds, we apply an interpolation filter, multi-frame integration and character extraction filters. Character segmentation is performed by a recognition-based segmentation method, and intermediate character recognition results are used to improve the segmentation. We also include a method for locating text areas using text-like properties and the use of a language-based postprocessing technique to increase word recognition rates. The overall recognition results are satisfactory for use in news indexing. Performing Video OCR on news video and combining its results with other video understanding techniques will improve the overall understanding of the news video content.     

Neural networks with enhanced outlier rejection ability for off-line handwritten word recognition

For a segmentation and dynamic programming-based handwritten word recognition system, outlier rejection at the character level can improve word recognition performance because it reduces the chances that erroneous combinations of segments result in high word confidence values. We studied the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and a variant of radial basis function network (RBF) with the goal to use them as character level classifiers that have enhanced outlier rejection ability. The variant of the RBF uses principal component analysis (PCA) on the clusters defined by the nodes in the hidden layer. It was also trained with and without a regularization term that was aimed at minimizing the variances of the nodes in the hidden layer. Our experiments on handwritten word recognition showed: (1) In the case of MLPs, using more hidden nodes than that required for classification and including outliers in the training data can improve outlier rejection performance; (2) in the case of PCA-RBFs, training with the regularization term and no outlier can achieve performance very close to training with outliers. These results are both interesting. Result (1) is of interest because it is well known that minimizing the number of parameters, and therefore keeping the number of hidden units low, should increase the generalization capability. On the other hand, using more hidden units increases the chances of creating closed decision regions, as predicted by the theory in Gori and Scarselli (IEEE Trans. PAMI 20 (11) (1998) 1121). Result (2) is a strong statement in support of the use of regularization terms for the training of RBF-type neural networks in problems such as handwriting recognition for which outlier rejection is important. Additional tests on combining MLPs and PCA-RBF networks showed the potential to improve word recognition performance by exploiting the complementarity of these two kinds of neural networks.     

一种有效的手写汉字多步分割方法

在字符识别系统中,字符的有效分割是识别的关键。针对手写汉字字间距及字内距无规则可循,字符间极易发生粘连、交错等现象,提出一种多步分割方法。该方法首先利用Viterbi算法将原字符串切分成互不连通的分割块,使非粘连汉字、交错汉字得到正确分割;对于其中宽度较大存在粘连字符的分割块,从候选分割点入手,用非线性分割路径将粘连部分分开;最后再应用A*算法找到全局最佳分割位置,使过分割的字符得到完整合并。实验结果表明,该方法对于手写汉字的分割是可行、有效的。     

k-NN classification of handwritten characters via accelerated GAT correlation

This paper addresses the problem of reinforcing the ability of the k-NN classification of handwritten characters via distortion-tolerant template matching techniques with a limited quantity of data. We compare three kinds of matching techniques: the conventional simple correlation, the tangent distance, and the global affine transformation (GAT) correlation. Although the k-NN classification method is straightforward and powerful, it consumes a lot of time. Therefore, to reduce the computational cost of matching in k-NN classification, we propose accelerating the GAT correlation method by reformulating its computational model and adopting efficient lookup tables. Recognition experiments performed on the IPTP CDROM1B handwritten numerical database show that the matching techniques of the simple correlation, the tangent distance, and the accelerated GAT correlation achieved recognition rates of 97.07%, 97.50%, and 98.70%, respectively. The computation time ratios of the tangent distance and the accelerated GAT correlation to the simple correlation are 26.3 and 36.5 to 1.0, respectively.     

基于多重规则和路径评价的在线中英文手写识别方法

手写文本识别方法主要应用于文本输入技术,对人机交互领域的发展起关键作用。针对多数在线输入法无法识别中英文混合手写识别的问题,提出一种在线中英文混合手写文本识别方法。通过对文本笔画进行基于水平相对位置、垂直重叠率、面积重叠率规则的整合以及连笔切分,得到一系列字符片段,同时利用笔画个数、宽高比、中心偏离、平滑度等几何特征和识别置信度,对字符片段进行中英文分类。在此基础上,根据分类结果并结合自然语言模型的路径评价及动态规划搜索算法,分别对候选的中、英文字符片段进行合并处理,得到待识别的中、英文字符序列,并将其分别送入卷积神经网络的中、英文识别模型中,得到手写文本识别结果。实验结果表明,在线手写中英文混合文本识别正确率达93.67%,不仅能切分在线手写中文文本行,而且对包含字符连笔的在线手写中英文文本行也有较好的切分效果。     

An image-based automatic Arabic translation system

In this paper, we present a system that automatically translates Arabic text embedded in images into English. The system consists of three components: text detection from images, character recognition, and machine translation. We formulate the text detection as a binary classification problem and apply gradient boosting tree (GBT), support vector machine (SVM), and location-based prior knowledge to improve the F1 score of text detection from 78.95% to 87.05%. The detected text images are processed by off-the-shelf optical character recognition (OCR) software. We employ an error correction model to post-process the noisy OCR output, and apply a bigram language model to reduce word segmentation errors. The translation module is tailored with compact data structure for hand-held devices. The experimental results show substantial improvements in both word recognition accuracy and translation quality. For instance, in the experiment of Arabic transparent font, the BLEU score increases from 18.70 to 33.47 with use of the error correction module.     

词典驱动的联机手写日文病名识别研究

研究了一种有效的词典驱动的联机手写日文病名识别方法。病名词典以树结构存储,包含21 713个病名短语。在切分中,手写病名字符串通过分析相邻笔划之间的空间信息等特征被切分为原始的片段序列。连续的片段动态地合并为候选字符模式,不同的合并方式产生不同的候选字符序列,这样可构成一个切分候选网格。在识别过程中,结合病名词典匹配来限制候选字符模式的类别扩展,采用集束搜索策略来寻找到一条最优路径作为识别结果。用500个实际的手写病名样本做实验,平均每个病名的识别时间为0.87 s,识别正确率为83.16%。