海底管道受坠物撞击的三维仿真研究(稿号5913修改稿)

采用三维非线性有限元法模拟海底管道受到船锚或其他坠落物体的冲击碰撞过程,并采用Newmark法和N-R迭代法相结合求解了海底管道的动力响应过程,分析了物体形状、碰撞角度、物体与管道间摩擦、混凝土厚度及管道内压对管道碰撞的影响。结果表明相同撞击条件下,立方体和球体对管道的撞击产生的最大Mises应力要比圆锥体大的多,随着圆锥角角度的增加管道的最大Mises应力是增加的;碰撞角度为90°时对管道的影响最大;摩擦对管道撞击影响较小;管道最大Mises应力随着混凝土层厚度的增加而减小,但随混凝土厚度的增加,减小的幅度越来越小;内压的存在使管道等效应力增加,但能减小管壁上的局部变形,使得冲击能量更多被用来产生整体变形。     

海底管道受坠物撞击时的弹塑性有限元分析

采用非线性动态有限元法模拟了坠物撞击海底管道的过程.以Ramberg-Osgood模型模拟海床,同时考虑混凝土涂层拉、压不同的非线性特性,并利用罚函数法处理坠物、海床与管道之间的相互作用.分析了物体形状、撞击角度、摩擦、内压、混凝土厚度、埋深及悬空长度对管道撞击塑性变形的影响.结果表明:坠物以尖端撞击管道时,凹痕深度较...     

冰-水耦合作用下流冰对明渠的撞击破坏响应分析

为研究水介质中流冰对输水明渠的撞击影响，基于流固耦合的计算方法，运用LS?DYNA软件对水介质中流 冰与明渠的撞击过程进行非线性有限元仿真，并通过几何比尺为1∶10进行模型试验验证。以流冰与明渠碰撞角 度、流冰厚度、明渠衬砌混凝土强度等级为变量，探究其对流冰碰撞输水明渠的影响规律。结果表明：碰撞角度为 90°工况下的明渠衬砌撞击区的最大等效应力与X方向最大位移分别是38.66°，45°，63.43°工况平均峰值的3.01倍和 4.19倍，且90°工况下明渠衬砌撞击区发生了约为5.72×10-6 m的损伤变形，而38.66°，45°，63.43°工况下的损伤变形 约0~4.78×10-7 m，表明倾斜的坡面可以有效减小流冰对明渠撞击区的撞击力、位移及损伤变形；流冰厚度对明渠 衬砌撞击的最大等效应力与X方向最大位移呈现出近似的线性关系；流冰对明渠衬砌撞击的最大等效应力与X方 向最大位移随着混凝土强度等级的增大而逐渐减小，两者呈现出近似的线性关系。综合分析所模拟的不同工况可 以发现，冰渠之间的水由于受到冰运动时的挤压作用而预先产生一个高压力场，在求解分析时应充分考虑，不可忽 略；同时，试验值与模拟值基本吻合，表明数值模拟仿真模型准确可靠。     

TiNi形状记忆合金低速冲击性能的数值模拟

采用有限元法数值模拟了TiNi形状记忆合金(SMA)的低速冲击性能。考察马氏体相变过程中不同伪弹性模量和弹性应变极限对TiNi合金低速冲击性能的影响。结果表明,随着冲击速度的增加,4种材料的最大接触载荷和位移量都呈线性增加趋势;冲击速度相同时,3种不同伪弹性模量TiNi合金试样的最大接触载荷和位移量近似相等且都低于45#钢,TiNi合金试样产生的最大Von Mises应力和最大塑性应变都低于45#钢;超弹性模量为2.9GPa的TiNi合金产生的最大Von Mises应力和最大塑性应变均最低。TiNi形状记忆合金较低的超弹性模量和较大的弹性应变极限能够减小冲击过程中的最大Von Mises应力,抑制高塑性应变的产生并使塑性变形区域减小,从而提高TiNi合金的抗冲击性能。     

液滴撞击固体球面行为特性的数值研究

基于VOF理论,建立了单个液滴撞击球面基板的模型,并分析了液滴的运动、射流、弛豫和平衡四个阶段的形态变化。对液滴正向撞击球面的过程进行了数值模拟,重点研究了冲击速度、球面直径、表面张力和粘度对液滴沉积行为的影响。结果表明,增加撞击速度,最大铺展直径增加,最小铺展厚度减小;增加球面直径,最大铺展直径增加,最小铺展厚度增加;超过一定粘度后,增加粘度系数,最大铺展直径减小,最小铺展厚度增加;增加表面张力系数,最大铺展直径减小,最小铺展厚度增加。在碰撞初期,铺展厚度以碰撞速度线性递减。当速度过大、球面直径或表面张力过小,会导致液膜出现中心局部破裂现象。     

SPAR平台立管相互碰撞的有限元分析

以SPAR平台中立管与立管碰撞为研究对象,采用三维有限元模拟碰撞过程,并采用显示动力求解结构的最大碰撞力及最大碰撞应力,计算且讨论了内压、碰撞时立管之间的夹角、碰撞时立管速度之间的夹角及摩擦对立管碰撞的影响。结果表明一定的内压值可以使立管在径向更不容易破坏,对于带有保护层的立管,不同角度碰撞对立管碰撞的影响相对较少,当碰撞角度为45度,最大碰撞应力比较小,摩擦对立管碰撞影响不是很大。     

隧道开挖和爆破扰动耦合作用下埋地管道安全性研究

随着我国交通系统的快速发展,临近埋地管道施工的工程案例越来越多,隧道开挖不可避免地会影响管道的安全。为研究隧道开挖变形及爆破扰动耦合作用下临近埋地管道的安全性,以深圳市大山陂1号隧道施工为背景,建立管-土-隧动静耦合作用模型以分析不同管道内压、围岩弹模、管隧间距、单段最大装药量条件下埋地管道的应力和振速变化规律,进一步引入Morris筛选法对各因素的影响程度进行评价分析。结果表明:管道应力和管道振速受管道内压和单段最大装药量的影响最大;管道应力峰值随着管道内压的增大、围岩弹模的增大、管隧间距的减小和单段装药量的增大而增大;管道远离拉应力峰值的区域,在各种参数的综合影响下,可能出现压应力。     

304不锈钢管道在役焊接内壁径向变形数值模拟

为保证管线在役焊接过程的安全和质量,避免烧穿的发生,本文采用焊接数值模拟软件SYSWELD对304不锈钢管道在役焊接过程的径向变形进行分析,分别讨论了管道壁厚、介质压力、介质种类对在役焊接径向变形的影响。结果表明,随着管道壁厚的增加,内壁中心点的最大径向变形量减小。当天然气介质压力小于3MPa时,随着压力的升高,径向变形减小;当管道内压为3MPa-10MPa时,随着压力的升高,径向变形逐渐增大。在管道内压为3MPa时,天然气介质的最大径向变形量大于水介质静态在役焊接的最大径向变形量。     

刚性卵形头弹撞击角度对编织复合材料层合板侵彻特性的影响

利用一级气炮发射卵形头弹撞击2 mm厚度的编织复合材料层合板,撞击角度分别为0°、30°和45°,通过高速相机记录弹靶撞击过程,并获得弹体速度数据。基于拟合公式处理试验数据,计算获取弹道极限,分析撞击角度对弹道极限、靶板能量吸收率及其失效模式的影响规律及机制。结果表明：弹体撞击角度为45°时,靶板弹道极限最高,其次为0°,撞击角度为30°时最小。随着冲击角度增加,层合板损伤形状从菱形逐渐转变为椭球形,损伤面积随冲击速度增加而增大,且45°冲击时层合板损伤面积最大,0°和30°冲击时损伤面积近似相等。弹体初始撞击角度对靶体失效模式存在影响,弹体撞击角度为0°时,纤维断口主要是剪切应力导致的横截面。撞击角度为30°时,纤维断口主要是剪切应力和拉伸应力导致的斜截面。45°斜撞击时,纤维断口主要是拉伸应力导致的横截面。     

不同曲率情况下的液压管道流固耦合特性仿真研究

管道布局影响流体流动特性与管道应力分布。利用有限元方法对不同曲率情况下管道的流固耦合特性进行了分析,研究了流固耦合作用对不同曲率管道位置等效应力的影响。研究结果表明:流体对弯曲管道在弯曲壁面产生额外的作用力导致管道发生变形,且角度的改变会导致两端进出口位置应力发生较大的波动;管道曲率变化对弯管在弯曲附近位置应力影响较大,随着弯曲角度的增加管道弯曲处应力先减小后增大再减小,而内侧和两侧的应力改变幅度不同;管道曲率半径的改变会影响管道的受力分布。通过分析得出管道布局按R30(R/d=1.5)相比其他管道的模型布局更为合理的结论。     

Mechanical behaviour analysis of a buried steel pipeline under ground overload

Ground overload is one of the most important factors that threaten the safe operations of oil and gas pipelines. The mechanical behaviour of a buried pipeline under ground overload was investigated using the finite element method in this paper. The effects of the overload parameters, pipeline parameters and surrounding soil parameters on the stress–strain response of the buried pipeline were discussed. The results show that the maximum von Mises stress appears on the top of the buried pipeline under the loading area when the ground load is small, and the stress distribution is oval. As the ground load increases, the maximum stress increases, and the high stress area extends. The von Mises stress, plastic strain, plastic area size, settlement and ovality of the buried pipeline increase as the ground load and loading area increase. The buckling phenomenon of the no-pressure buried pipeline is more serious than the pressure pipeline. As the internal pressure increases, the high stress area and the maximum plastic strain of the buried pipeline first decrease and then increase, the settlement of the buried pipeline increases, and the ovality decreases. The von Mises stress, maximum plastic strain, settlement and ovality of the buried pipeline decrease with increasing buried depth, the surrounding soil's elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio and cohesion. The maximum von Mises stress, high stress area, the maximum plastic strain, plastic area and ovality increase as the diameter–thickness ratio increases. The critical diameter–thickness ratio is 60, and the settlement of the buried pipeline first increases and then decreases as the diameter–thickness ratio increases. Finally, a protective device of the buried pipeline is designed for preventing ground overload. It can be repaired in a timely manner without stopping the transmission of oil and gas and widely used in different locations because of its simple structure and convenient installation.     

海床土体减缓坠物对海底管道撞击作用的研究

海底管道受坠物撞击的损伤分析中,海床土体是不宜忽略的因素。基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日算法（CEL法）,该文建立了模拟坠物撞击海底管道过程中土体变形的有限元模型,并进行了物理模型试验,二者结果吻合较好。针对粘土海床,分析了海床柔性、海床土质、管道埋深、摩擦及坠物形状对海底管道损伤的影响。研究表明:对于裸置管道,海床柔性使一部分撞击能量转化为管道的整体变形,减轻管道局部损伤;对于埋置管道,基于软件的二次开发,考虑了正常固结粘土及均质粘土两种情况,二者的安全埋深相差较大。综合考虑上述土质的影响,2 m的埋深可提供有效的保护;埋深超过1 m时,坠物与土体间的摩擦系数对管道损伤的影响更加明显;形状尖锐的坠物受到土体的阻力较小,对管道造成的损伤程度较大。不同形状的坠物撞击管道时,管道的变形特征存在差异。研究结果对管道的风险评估及安全埋深设计具有指导意义。     

Mechanical Response of a Buried Pipeline to Explosion Loading

In order to study the stress-strain response of a buried pipeline with internal pressure under the ground explosive, a numerical calculation model of the buried pipeline with internal pressure was established. The dynamic process of the buried pipeline was simulated after the explosion on the ground. Effects of internal pressure, magnitude of TNT, wall thickness, and buried depth on the stress-strain of pipeline were studied. The results showed that the region of high stress and plastic strain presented to the upper pipeline and extended toward axial direction, and then extended toward circumferential direction under the ground explosion. With the increasing of internal pressure, the high-stress zone fades away, the plastic strain zone and deformation of pipeline decrease. The stress and deformation of buried pipeline increase with the magnitude of TNT increases, but they decrease with the increasing of buried depth and wall thickness. Those results can provide theoretical basis and reference for pipe laying of oil-gas pipeline, safety evaluation, and maintenance, etc.     

Mechanical behaviour analysis of buried pressure pipeline crossing ground settlement zone

Numerical simulation model of buried pipeline crossing ground settlement zone was established considering pipeline–soil interaction. Mechanical behaviour of the buried pipeline was investigated, and effects of ground settlement, pipeline parameters and surrounding soil parameters on mechanical behaviour of the buried pipeline were discussed. These results show that there are two high stress areas on both sides of the dividing plane. High stress areas are oval on the top and bottom of the pipeline. Z-shape bending deformation appears under the action of ground settlement. In ground settlement zone, axial strain on the top of the pipeline is compression strain, and axial strain on the bottom of the pipeline is tension strain. On the contrary, they are tension strain and compression strain respectively in no settlement zone. Bending deformation, axial strain and plastic strain of the buried pipeline increase with the increase in ground settlement. Von Mises stress, high stress area, axial strain and plastic strain of the buried pipeline increase with the increasing diameter-thick ratio and internal pressure, but they decrease with the increase in buried depth. Diameter-thick ratio and internal pressure have a small effect on the bending deformation of the buried pipeline. Bending deformation decreases with the increase in buried depth in ground settlement zone. Von Mises stress and high stress area increase with the increasing surrounding soil’s elasticity modulus and cohesion, but they increase first and then decrease with the increase in Poisson’s ratio. Bending deformation of the pipeline in no settlement zone increases with the increase in elasticity modulus and Poisson’s ratio, but it is affected little by the cohesion. Axial strain and plastic strain have a bigger relationship with the elasticity modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Axial strain and plastic strain of the buried pipeline increase with the increase in cohesion, and the change rates increase with the increase in ground settlement.     

基于统一强度理论的大型浅圆筒仓侧压力计算

为合理计算大型浅仓贮料的侧压力,该文基于统一强度理论,采用静力平衡分析法,综合考虑了中间主应力、仓壁与贮料间的摩擦力以及由于锥堆产生的超压等影响,推导出大型浅仓侧压力计算公式,并与试验实测、Rankine公式和Coulomb公式进行了对比验证,探讨了统一强度理论参数、内摩擦角和贮料与仓壁间摩擦系数等影响特性。结果表明:该文计算值与试验实测值吻合较好,且计算简练;锥堆时Coulomb公式结果偏大,Rankine公式结果偏小,平堆时Coulomb公式和Rankine公式的结果均偏保守;统一强度理论参数、内摩擦角对侧压力的影响显著,贮料与仓壁间摩擦系数的影响较小。     

单层和双层足尺度海底管道抗冲击性能分析

海底管道在服役过程中除了受到常规荷载作用外,还会受到各种意外的冲击载荷作用而失效。为了研究承受横向冲击载荷作用下海底管道的动态特性,对三个单层和一个双层的足尺度管道进行了落锤冲击试验,获得了横向冲击作用下管道的破坏形态、冲击力时程曲线、位移时程曲线及应变时程曲线。建立了分析冲击荷载作用下海底管道失效过程的有限元模型,并通过与试验结果的对比验证了模型的精确性。利用有限元模型研究了冲击高度、材料屈服强度、管道长细比和径厚比等参数对管道抗冲击性能的影响。研究结果表明:海底管道在冲击载荷作用下的破坏模式是局部凹陷处弯曲屈服,由管道的整体弯曲变形与冲击凹痕部位的局部弯曲耦合形成。与单层管道相比,双层管道由于内层管道参与抵抗冲击荷载的作用,从而具有更好的抗冲击性能。管道钢材的屈服强度的增加可有效减小冲击作用下的局部凹陷变形。     

变径管内高压成形的厚度分界圆

为了研究变径管内高压成形过程中工艺参数和管坯几何尺寸对壁厚分布的影响,通过力学分析和全量本构方程,推导出变径管内高压成形厚度分界圆的解析公式.该公式反映了摩擦系数、膨胀系数、管端轴向应力与内压之比、送料区相对长度、管坯相对壁厚、零件过渡锥角等参数与厚度分界圆相对位置之间的定量关系,并与数值模拟规律一致.研究表明:随着摩擦系数、管端轴向应力与内压之比、送料区相对长度的增加,壁厚不变的厚度分界圆距离管端越来越近,即膨胀区壁厚减薄区域是越来越大的;而随着管坯相对壁厚的增加,壁厚不变的厚度分界圆距离管端越来越远,即膨胀区壁厚减薄区域是越来越小的.