InP和GaAs中的Mg~+离子注入

本文研究了Mg~+离子注入InP和GaAs中的电学性能和辐射损伤行为.范德堡霍尔方法测量和电化学C-V测量均表明,快速热退火方法优于常规热退火方法,共P~+注入结合快速热退火方法能进一步减小注入Mg杂质的再分布,使电激活率大大提高。卢瑟福沟道分析则表明,相同注入条件下,InP中的辐射损伤较GaAs中大得多,大剂量注入损伤经热退火难于完全消除.     

半绝缘GaAs中Mg~++P~+双注入研究

本文对Mg~+和P~+双离子注入半绝缘GaAs的行为进行了研究.发现不论是常规热退火还是快速热退火,共P~+注入都能有效地提高注入Mg杂质的电激活率,其效果优于共As~+注入,共P~+注入的最佳条件是其剂量与Mg~+离子剂量相同,电化学C—V测量表明,双注入样品中空穴分布与理论计算值接近,而单注入样品中则发生严重偏离,快速热退火较常规热退火更有利于消除注入损伤.     

快速热退火离子注入硅时的磷扩散

研究了快速热退火时离子注入硅中磷的扩散。我们依靠注入的剂量发现了两种截然不同的扩散行为。低剂量(1×10~(14)cm~(-2))P~+注入硅发现有一个剖面再分布,该再分布在900℃温度下退火10秒钟即可观察到,但在800～1150℃温度范围与温度无关。这个初给再分布比起通常的扩散系数数质所预计的要快得多。高剂量(2×10~(15)cm~(-2))P~+注入硅经短时(10秒)退火后掺杂剂分布的变宽现象与温度有密切关系,其实验分布与浓度增强扩散分布是一致的。     

砷化镓注硫的电子束退火

一、引言S做为GaAs的施主杂质是较轻的元素,容易形成良好的掺杂层。用离子注入技术制备GaAs的n型层,常选S~ 做为注入的离子。但S在GaAs中的扩散系数比较大。注入后若采用常规热退火方式,其浓度分布必然要受到热扩散的影响而展宽。而且对化合物半导体而言,还有迂高温发生化学组分偏离以及热转型的问题。近年来,对离于注入后的GaAs采用激光退火的方法,已显示出比热退火好。起步稍晚的电子束退火,同样具有优于热退火的特点。从二者比较来看,在能量转换效率、退火功率的可控性、退火面积及其均匀性等方面,都显示出电子束退火更为优越。     

Si离子注入GaAs的红外快速退火

研究了适用于GaAs离子注入材料的石墨红外快速热退火方法,对Si~+注入GaAs材料进行950℃,6秒快速退火。从测得的电学特性,DLTS和GaAs MESFET的研究结果表明,红外快速热退火工艺可获得高质量的有源层以及抑制电子陷阱EL2的外扩散。     

Be~+注入GaAs掺杂

本文报道了在气体离子源中Be~+束流的引出,比较了Be~+注入GaAs的常规炉子热退火与红外快速退火行为,给出了Be~+注入GaAs和InGaAs形成的pn结特性。实验表明,用Be~+注入化合物半导体可作为制作器件的一种有效方法。     

半绝缘InP中Si~++P~+双注入的电学特性

研究了在200℃热靶条件下经Si~+单注入和S~++P~+双注入的半绝缘InP常规热退火和快速热退火后的电学特性。热退火后,双注入样品中的电学性能优于单注入样品。采用快速热退火后,双注入的效果更加显著。Si~+150keV,5×10~(14)cm~(-2)+P~+160keV,5×10~(14)cm~(-2)双注入样品经850℃、5秒快速效退火后,最高载流子浓度达2.6×10~(19)cm~(-3),平均迁移率为890cm~2/V·s。     

注Si~+的GaAs在GaAs粉末的砷气压下快速热退火

用卤素灯在砷气压下对注Si~+的GaAs进行快速热退火,以研究退火温度和退火时间对薄层载流子浓度和迁移率的影响。注入层的激活率主要受退火温度的影响,与退火的持续时间几乎无关。在800℃退火30分钟,GaAs的表面形态是平滑的,这表明了砷气压的存在防止了砷原子的蒸发,并使注入层能在高温下长时间退火而不会出现表面离解和电性能的下降。在GaAs中注入Si~+的激活能为0.53eV。     

硅中离子注入硼的异常扩散

本工作用不同的Si~+预注入能量,改变注入损伤分布与离子注入硼杂质分布的相对位置,观察快速热退火中注入损伤对硼异常扩散的影响.结果表明,引起注入硼异常扩散的是点缺陷,而不是硼间隙原子的快扩散.而注入损伤中的点缺陷和簇团分解释放的点缺陷是驱动硼异常扩散的因素之一.如果注入损伤形成了扩展缺陷,那么扩展缺陷重构和分解将发射点缺陷,这是驱动硼异常扩散的另一个因素.     

LEC GaAs中缺陷的光致发光研究

本文用4.2K光致发光研究了LEC GaAs的热感生缺陷.热退火时样品分别为无包封,包封或用一个未掺杂的SI-GaAs片覆盖.退火温度为650-850℃,退火在不同气氛下进行(真空,H_2,N_2,H_2+N_2或H_2+As_2). 与缺陷有关的发光带有1.443eV,1.409ev和0.67eV发光带.1.443eV发光带不仅在富Ga的GaAs中出现,而且在富As的热稳定性好的SI-GaAs晶体并经过850℃(在H_2中)热退火的样品中也观测到此发光带.这可能是在退火过程中促进反位缺陷GaAs的形成.1.443eV发光带与GaAs有关.GaAs晶体在H_2中退火后1.409eV峰很强,但在真空中退火末探测到此发光带.文中提出它可能是热退火时氢原子扩散到GaAs晶体中并与某些缺陷结合成络合物的新观点.     

Si,S,Be,Mg离子注入GaAs白光快速退火特性研究

利用灯光瞬态退火处理Si,S离子注入SI-GaAs样品,在950℃5秒的条件下得到了最佳的电特性,Be,Mg离子注入SI-GaAs样品在800℃ 5秒退火得到了最佳的电特性.Si,S,Be注入GaAs样品在适当的条件下得到了陡峭的载流子剖面分布,而Mg注入的样品有Mg的外扩散和较大的尾部扩散.透射电镜测量表明,Si低剂量和Be大剂量注入退火后单晶恢复良好,而Si和Mg大剂量注入退火后产生了大量的二次缺陷.应用Si和Mg注入GaAs分别制作了性能良好的MESFET和β=1000的GaAIAs/GaA,双极型晶体管(HBT).     

Si^＋注入GaAs及其退火中SiO2包封的作用

对Ｓｉ＾＋注入ＧａＡｓ的前后及其退火的前后用和不用ＳｉＯ２包封进行了对比实验。包封退火大大提高了注入离子的激活率;在包封退火的情况下,光片注入的要比贯穿注入的载流子分布窄。所以,光片注入后包封退火较实用,它使载流子分布窄,激活率高。     

Current transport in fluorine implanted GaAs

Effects of fluorine implantation in GaAs have been investigated by electrical characterization. Ion implantation at 100 keV energy was conducted with doses of 10¹¹ and 10¹²/cm². The effect of fluorine implantation on current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of Schottky diodes was significant. Carrier compensation was observed after implantation by the improved I-V characteristics. The lower dose implanted samples showed thermionic emission dominated characteristics in the measurement temperature range of 300 to 100K. The starting wafer and the low dose implanted samples after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) showed similar I-V properties with excess current in the lower temperature range dominated by recombination. The higher dose implanted samples showed increased excess current in the whole temperature range which may result from the severe damage-induced surface recombination. These samples after RTA treatment did not recover from implantation damage as in the low dose implantation case. However, very good I-V characteristics were seen in the higher dose implanted samples after RTA. The influence of the higher dose ion implantation was to produce more thermal stability. The results show the potential application of fluorine implantation in GaAs device fabrication.     

Ion implantation in gallium arsenide MESFET technology

The authors emphasize controlled shallow doping of GaAs by ion implantation and its limitations to state-of-the-art GaAs IC technology. The authors discuss the electrical activation behavior of implanted silicon in GaAs upon subsequent capless or silicon nitride capped rapid thermal annealing (RTA). It is demonstrated that atomic H diffuses into the implanted region of GaAs from a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition Si₃N₄ cap during the deposition as well as during subsequent annealing, and the H retards the electrical activation kinetics of the implanted Si. Thru-Si cap dopant implants into GaAs have been studied to enhance dopant concentration in the surface region of the GaAs by recoil-implanted Si from the cap. Application of ion implantation to achieve buried-p layers in GaAs is also briefly discussed     

氢离子注入法提高InAsP/InP应变多量子阱发光特性

采用气态源分子束外延系统生长了InAsP/InP应变多量子阱,研究了H 注入对量子阱光致发光谱的影响以及高温快速退火对离子注入后的量子阱发光谱的影响.发现采用较低H 注入能量(剂量)时,量子阱发光强度得到增强;随着H 注入能量(剂量)的增大,量子阱发光强度随之减小.H 注入过程中,部分隧穿H 会湮灭掉量子阱结构界面缺陷,同时H 也会对量子阱结构带来损伤,两者的竞争影响量子阱发光强度的变化.高温快速退火处理后,离子注入后的量子阱样品发光峰位在低温10K相对于未注入样品发生蓝移,蓝移量随着H 注入能量或剂量的增大而增加.退火过程中缺陷扩散以及缺陷扩散导致的阱层和垒层之间不同元素互混是量子阱发光峰位蓝移的原因.     

Ⅲ-Ⅴ族半导体化合物快速热退火扩Zn方法研究

以GaAs和InP材料为例,对化合物半导体材料中的快速热退火扩Zn可行性进行比较分析,研究表明,化合物半导体材料中快速热退火扩Zn可行性与化合物半导体材料的分解温度有着密切关系。化合物半导体材料分解温度越低,对扩散源、帽层和阻挡层要求越高。针对InP材料高于360℃就分解、低温Zn扩散困难的特点,提出了直接溅射Zn层在410℃低温扩散的方法。对InP快速热退火扩散结果进行分析,初步分析表明其掺杂机理是形成合金结。     

Beryllium Ion Implantation into GaAs and Pseudomorphic AIGaAs/lnGaAs/GaAs Heterostructure

Implantations of Be, Be + P, Be + F, Be + P +F, BeF and Mg + P into GaAs and AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic heterostructure were evaluated by secondary ion mass spectrometry profilings and electrical resistivity measurements. Rapid thermal annealing causes a strong diffusion of Be when implanted alone. Co-implantation with P prevents both diffusion and degradation of the Gaussian-shape implant distribution and thus improves the semiconductor sheet resistivity. Annealing at 850°C for 10 s for a Be + P co-implant results in a 60% activation efficiency, and lower diffusion and resistivity when compared to single Be, Be + F, Be + F + P, BeF, and Mg + P implanted at the same dose.     

Electrical characteristics of Be-implanted GaAs activated by rapid thermal annealing

Be-implanted GaAs are annealed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) using halogen lamps. Electrical properties of the annealed GaAs are investigated, emphasizing those at 77K for application to the p+-layer of Be-implanted WSix-gate self-aligned two-dimensional hole gas (2- DHG) FET. An electrical activation of 90 percent (for 2.0 × 10¹³cm^-2) or 80 percent (for 2.2 × 10¹⁴cm^-2) is obtained. An annealing temperature dependence of carrier freezing at 77K is observed for higher dose samples. The phenomenon is attributed to the redistribution of impurity atoms near the high-concentration peak.     

Rapid thermal annealing of si implanted gaas

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) technology offers potential advantages for GaAs MESFET device technology such as reducing dopant diffusion and minimizing the redistribution of background impurities. LEC semi-insulating GaAs substrates were implanted with Si at energies from 100 to 400 keV to doses from 1 × 10¹² to 1 × 10¹⁴/cm². The wafers were encapsulated with Si₃N₄ and then annealed at temperatures from 850-1000° C in a commercial RTA system. Wafers were also annealed using a conventional furnace cycle at 850° C to provide a comparison with the RTA wafers. These implanted layers were evaluated using capacitance-voltage and Hall effect measurements. In addition, FET’s were fabricated using selective implants that were annealed with either RTA or furnace cycles. The effects of anneal temperature and anneal time were determined. For a dose of 4 × 10¹²/cm² at 150 keV with anneal times of 5 seconds at 850, 900, 950 and 1000° C the activation steadily increased in the peak of the implant with overlapping profiles in the tail of the profiles, showing that no significant diffusion occurs. In addition, the same activation could be obtained by adjusting the anneal times. A plot of the equivalent anneal times versus 1/T gives an activation energy of 2.3 eV. At a higher dose of 3 × 10¹³ an activation energy of 1.7 eV was obtained. For a dose of 4 × 10¹² at 150 keV both the RTA and furnace annealing give similar activations with mobilities between 4700 and 5000 cm²/V-s. Mobilities decrease to 4000 at a dose of 1 × 10¹³ and to 2500 cm²/V-s at 1 × 10¹⁴/cm². At doses above 1 × 10¹³ the RTA cycles gave better activation than furnace annealed wafers. The MESFET parameters for both RTA and furnace annealed wafers were nearly identical. The average gain and noise figure at 8 GHz were 7.5 and 2.0, respectively, for packaged die from either RTA or furnace annealed materials.